Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Cindrella]

i remember a Q about it.
if dna have a lot of C-G regions we should...
i answered to rise the temp.of denaturation(coz these bonds are stronger)
but the actual ans. was to rise the temp.of annealing

i didn't really get it

Well, that i posted only to differentiate between nick and annealing...

Yep C-G have 3 Hydrogen bonds and A=T has 2 Hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds as an individual entity are weak bonds . However many Hydrogen bonds together are strong.. If, Many C-G are present ,we need higher temperature for denaturation . I'm not sure of significance with annealing ...

 

[pb2007]

Hmm its all so confusing...
I think some say metaphase becoz....in non-disjunction chromosome pair fail to separate...that means they are still at the equatorial plate without seperating...so whr wud u place this stage....definition wise its still metaphase.N anaphase wud be when this whole chromosome starts to move to either of the poles.Makes sense i guess....wad say guyz?

ur reasoning makes sense annie but still it remains confusion coz if u say they remain at equatorial plate but eventually they will come to anaphase stage too n may be the whole is pulled to one side .
it seems rite both ways,
badly confused ,will wait to hear frm others on this 😕😕

 

[Svetlana]

Forgot to mention,this Q was in terms of PCR performing
But i still do not get this thing with annealing

 

[pb2007]

First step is Hydroxylation of lysine and proline - in RER
Second step is glycosylation of hydroxylysine - in Golgi Apparatus

There is a difference between hydroxylation and glycosylation right ?!

thanks cindrella n svetlana for ur replies .

 

[anniemirza]

ur reasoning makes sense annie but still it remains confusion coz if u say they remain at equatorial plate but eventually they will come to anaphase stage too n may be the whole is pulled to one side .
it seems rite both ways,
badly confused ,will wait to hear frm others on this 😕😕

hmmm yeaa....need more input on that.

Another questn:
salivary glands are of what origin???ecto endo meso?

 

[pb2007]

Forgot to mention,this Q was in terms of PCR performing
But i still do not get this thing with annealing

svetlana if u have time n have lipincotts with u ,read page num407,
i'm not gud in this topic jst read superficial so cant comment
here what this book says under pcr tech
the seperated strands are cooled and allowed to anneal to the two primers.so i dont think heat has got anything to do with annealing .

 

[pb2007]

hmmm yeaa....need more input on that.

Another questn:
salivary glands are of what origin???ecto endo meso?

a very silly ques
are salivary glands part of GIT system
if so then endoderm otherwise dont kno
gud ques annie.

 

[anniemirza]

a very silly ques
are salivary glands part of GIT system
if so then endoderm otherwise dont kno
gud ques annie.

ma buk says ecto and endo...the origin is not clear it says!

 

[Svetlana]

ma buk says ecto and endo...the origin is not clear it says!

Guys it's definitely ECTO,as well as sweat glands!

 

[anniemirza]

Guys it's definitely ECTO,as well as sweat glands!

from the junction btw ectoderm of stomodeum and endoderm of foregut....????dont understand what it means!😕🙄
u sure svetlana?

 

[Svetlana]

svetlana if u have time n have lipincotts with u ,read page num407,
i'm not gud in this topic jst read superficial so cant comment
here what this book says under pcr tech
the seperated strands are cooled and allowed to anneal to the two primers.so i dont think heat has got anything to do with annealing .

If it's true...+1 mistake in crack!

 

[pb2007]

ma buk says ecto and endo...the origin is not clear it says!

i though if its part of GIT then may be endo but svetlana is confirming ecto.
didnt find much in kaplan regarding this.

 

[Svetlana]

from the junction btw ectoderm of stomodeum and endoderm of foregut....????dont understand what it means!😕🙄
u sure svetlana?

I just was facing this Q so many time,and it was never "junction".
Sorry,but now do not have time to search for a reliable source...

 

[Svetlana]

i though if its part of GIT then may be endo but svetlana is confirming ecto.
didnt find much in kaplan regarding this.

Hey!!!Following your logic,Why epith.of the oral cavity is not simple columnar as in rest GI???

It's coz oral cavity from Rathke's pouch which is ectodermal!!!

Hope this helps!!!

 

[pb2007]

Hey!!!Following your logic,Why epith.of the oral cavity is not simple columnar as in rest GI???

It's coz oral cavity from Rathke's pouch which is ectodermal!!!

Hope this helps!!!

thanks svetlana

 

[anniemirza]

Hey!!!Following your logic,Why epith.of the oral cavity is not simple columnar as in rest GI???

It's coz oral cavity from Rathke's pouch which is ectodermal!!!

Hope this helps!!!

Thats for oral cavity....Rathke's pouch.
not salivary glands...still all da salivary ducts are lined by simple columnar...

 

[Svetlana]

What i found is that major saliv.gl-ectoderm
small ones-ecto+nasopharyngeal endoderm

http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/grnds/Salivary-Gland-2001-01/Salivary-gland-2001-01.pdf

Thanks for good Q!!!
I didn't know that!

 

[anniemirza]

What i found is that major saliv.gl-ectoderm
small ones-ecto+nasopharyngeal endoderm

http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/grnds/Salivary-Gland-2001-01/Salivary-gland-2001-01.pdf

Thanks for good Q!!!
I didn't know that!

Thanx...To be more precise:
parotid-ectoderm
submandi and subling and all minor glands-endoderm
http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/salivaryglandsembryology.html
Thankgod atlast!!!👍

 

[bratdoc]

Thanx...To be more precise:
parotid-ectoderm
submandi and subling and all minor glands-endoderm
http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/salivaryglandsembryology.html
Thankgod atlast!!!👍

Agree 👍👍

 

[anniemirza]

Agree 👍👍

Thanx bratdoc...gud 2 see u here.🙂
now that u r here😛...can u confirm in which phase the non-disjunction of chromosomes occurs???already had a long debate on this above....

 

[bratdoc]

Thanx bratdoc...gud 2 see u here.🙂
now that u r here😛...can u confirm in which phase the non-disjunction of chromosomes occurs???already had a long debate on this above....

Hehe... i would go with anaphase..The normal separation of chromatids is termed disjunction. When the separation is not normal, it is called nondisjunction..... and this separation occurs in Anaphase

 

[anniemirza]

Hehe... i would go with anaphase..The normal separation of chromatids is termed disjunction. When the separation is not normal, it is called nondisjunction..... and this separation occurs in Anaphase

Hmmm....okie.
Different sources say differnt stuff....its all so 😛

 

[Svetlana]

Hypersensitivity to M.tuberculosis is manifested by which
1.necrosis-ans
2.exudation
3.epithelioid cells
4.Langhans giant cells
5.spreading of the initial focus

I thought in ans. should be smth related to granuloma,so (3) fits i guess...
it's 1996 #93

 

[anniemirza]

Hypersensitivity to M.tuberculosis is manifested by which
1.necrosis-ans
2.exudation
3.epithelioid cells
4.Langhans giant cells
5.spreading of the initial focus

I thought in ans. should be smth related to granuloma,so (3) fits i guess...
it's 1996 #93

Hypersensitivity ....in the sense its asking about the delayed hypersensivity reaction???

 

[Svetlana]

In Class II tip of facial cusp of mand.1st PM lies directly below the contacting area between which max.teeth?
1. 1st and 2nd PM-ans(i thought it's normal position,not in case of retrognatia)

2. 2nd PM and 1st M even this fits better for me

Please explain!

it's 1996 #146

 

[Cindrella]

Can someone please tell me about all the arch traits , morphological traits , type traits etc in Dental Anatomy 🙁 OR , where do i read it from ...

 

[Svetlana]

Hypersensitivity ....in the sense its asking about the delayed hypersensivity reaction???

No idea...that's the exact Q!

 

[Cindrella]

In Class II ( here The mandibular arch will be in disto- occlusion right ) tip of facial cusp of mand.1st PM lies directly below the contacting area between which max.teeth?
1. 1st and 2nd PM-ans(i thought it's normal position,not in case of retrognatia)

2. 2nd PM and 1st M even this fits better for me

Please explain!

it's 1996 #146

So normally, in Class I occlusion - Mandibular teeth occlude with its counterpart and tooth MESIAL to it.

Here, Since we are talking about Buccal cusp of Mandibular 1st PM in Class II occlusion , it should occlude with its counterpart and the tooth DISTAL to it ... hence, Maxillar 1st PM and 2nd PM ...

I hope i explained it right ...

 

[Cindrella]

Check this...

 

[anniemirza]

In Class II tip of facial cusp of mand.1st PM lies directly below the contacting area between which max.teeth?
1. 1st and 2nd PM-ans(i thought it's normal position,not in case of retrognatia)

2. 2nd PM and 1st M even this fits better for me

Please explain!

it's 1996 #146

ohh dats the right answer!
In class-2:mesiobuccal cusp of maxi occludes btw mand 1st and 2nd pm rt??...so all the teeth in mandi are moving one step backward...the 2nd mandi pm occludes btw maxi 1st molar and 2nd pm....so that will make mandi 1st pm to occlude btw maxi 1st and 2nd pm.RMBR ITS TALKING ABT 1ST PM!draw a diagram..ull get it!

 

[anniemirza]

Hypersensitivity to M.tuberculosis is manifested by which
1.necrosis-ans
2.exudation
3.epithelioid cells
4.Langhans giant cells
5.spreading of the initial focus

I thought in ans. should be smth related to granuloma,so (3) fits i guess...
it's 1996 #93

I think its about that only....in large concentration tuberculin kills macrophages causing tissue injury and necrosis.
Rest all the options describe about the characteristic features of TB and not the delayed hypersenitivity reaction related to tuberculin.

 

[Svetlana]

here we are....
Guys thanks!
May be enough studying for today!😛
Or i will end up with more stupid Q!

 

[Svetlana]

I think its about that only....in large concentration tuberculin kills macrophages causing tissue injury and necrosis.
Rest all the options describe about the characteristic features of TB and not the delayed hypersenitivity reaction related to tuberculin.

May be...
Either way,a weird Q i think...

 

[teethie]

i agree👍

I think its about that only....in large concentration tuberculin kills macrophages causing tissue injury and necrosis.
Rest all the options describe about the characteristic features of TB and not the delayed hypersenitivity reaction related to tuberculin.

 

[teethie]

svetlana, in reply to ur ques:
roundest root sections are max central and mand second premolar
rest are less round or oval.

 

[Svetlana]

svetlana, in reply to ur ques:
roundest root sections are max central and mand second premolar
rest are less round or oval.

Thanks teethy!!!
So that's why we can rotate them while extraction!

 

[Svetlana]

I-M pack.Q#102
ling.height of cont.mand 2nd PM
ans-occl.1/3

Guys,tell me please is Kaplan completely wrong about this?
Coz i thought it's middle!!!
I really have no more time,where can i get "real heights of contour"????

 

[Svetlana]

Guys,i think i got how to solve this Q about p50=26 torr... WITHOUT FORMULA!
(1996 #114)
i remember it from kaplan lectures.
Saturation of Hb with 02
Max. is 4.
4-100%
P25-1mol.02
p50-2mol.02
p75-3mol.02
p100-4mol.02

Since we know that p50=26 torr(-->2 mol.02) and we have 30 torr,which is little bit more than 26 torr-->little bit more than 2 mol.02-answer!!!

What do you think?

 

[pb2007]

I-M pack.Q#102
ling.height of cont.mand 2nd PM
ans-occl.1/3

Guys,tell me please is Kaplan completely wrong about this?
Coz i thought it's middle!!!
I really have no more time,where can i get "real heights of contour"????

this is very confusing ,i had the same doubt n we discussed it here jst two days bak ,in 2004 released exm the same ques is answered middle 3rd .
would be nic if someone can clear this up

 

[Cindrella]

Ok , i know this is silly and probably the most basic but would be nice if somebody can fill up the blanks -

1. LONGEST tooth in the entire permanent dentition - Maxillary Canine
2. LONGEST tooth in the primary dentition - Maxillary canine ?
3. LONGEST Tooth in Maxillary arch - Maxi. Canine
4. LONGEST tooth in Mandibular arch - Mandibular Canine

LONGEST ROOT in Permanent dentition - Maxillary Canine ( 17 mm ) followed by Maxillary 2nd PM , Palat root of Maxillary 1st M.
Longest root in Maxillary arch - Maxillary Canine ( 17 mm )
Longest root in Mandibular arch - Mandibular canine ( 16 mm )
Longest root in primary dentition ???

Longest crown in permanent dentition ____________

Longest crown in Maxillary arch _______
Longest crown in Mandibular arch ______

Longest crown in primary dentition __________

Longest crown in Maxillary arch for primary dentition __________
Longest crown in mandibular arch for primary dentition __________

 

[pb2007]

this is very confusing ,i had the same doubt n we discussed it here jst two days bak ,in 2004 released exm the same ques is answered middle 3rd .
would be nic if someone can clear this up

another addition to confusion
came across ques no 102 frm M packet{2006}sayin lingual HOC to be on occlusal third wen middle third is also the given choice??😕😕😕

 

[pb2007]

can someone plz tel me the difference between fusion n gemination.
i always get my answer wrong .

there aques no 112 in m packet which says that clinical and radiographic examination reveals 28 teeth have erupted ,except all 3rd molars .

so what is the answer in this situation gemination or fusion

 

[dentist03jo]

A patient with which of the following disease is least likely to show "clubbing of fingers and cyanotic nail beds" ?


1.polycythemia
2.congenital heart disease
3.chronic pulmonary disease
4.congestive heart failure
5.systemic lupus erythematosus

 

[dental wing]

A patient with which of the following disease is least likely to show "clubbing of fingers and cyanotic nail beds" ?


1.polycythemia--ANSWER
2.congenital heart disease
3.chronic pulmonary disease
4.congestive heart failure
5.systemic lupus erythematosus

other all option showing clubbing and cynotic nail bed....correct me if i m wrong....🙄

 

[teethie]

in gemination number remains same. it is only divison of single tooth germ by invagination.
in fusion , no. is less due to fusion of two tooth germs by dentin.
is the answer gemination given??

can someone plz tel me the difference between fusion n gemination.
i always get my answer wrong .

there aques no 112 in m packet which says that clinical and radiographic examination reveals 28 teeth have erupted ,except all 3rd molars .

so what is the answer in this situation gemination or fusion

 

[dental wing]

Polycythemia vera (PV) develops slowly. The disease may not cause signs or symptoms for years.
When signs and symptoms do occur, they're the result of the thick blood that occurs with PV. This thickness slows the flow of oxygen-rich blood to all parts of your body. Without enough oxygen, many parts of your body won't work normally.
The most common signs and symptoms of PV include:

• Headache, dizziness, and weakness
• Shortness of breath and problems breathing while lying down
• Feelings of pressure or fullness on the left side of the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen
• Double or blurred vision and blind spots
• Itching all over (especially after a warm bath), reddened face, and a burning feeling on your skin (especially your hands and feet)
• Bleeding from your gums and heavy bleeding from small cuts
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue (tiredness)

In rare cases, people who have PV may have pain in their bones.
Polycythemia Vera Complications

If you have PV, the thickness of your blood and the slowed blood flow can cause serious health problems.
Blood clots are the most serious complication of PV. Blood clots can cause heart attack and stroke. They also can cause your liver and spleen to enlarge. Blood clots in the liver and spleen can cause sudden and intense pain.
The lack of oxygen-rich blood to your organs also can lead to angina (chest pain) and heart failure. The high levels of red blood cells that PV causes can lead to stomach ulcers, gout, or kidney stones.
A small number of people who have PV may develop myelofibrosis (MY-e-lo-fi-BRO-sis). This is a condition in which your bone marrow is replaced by scar tissue. Abnormal bone marrow cells may begin to grow out of control. This abnormal growth can lead to acute myelogenous (my-e-LOJ-e-nus) leukemia (AML), a disease that worsens very quickly

 

[pb2007]

in gemination number remains same. it is only divison of single tooth germ by invagination.
in fusion , no. is less due to fusion of two tooth germs by dentin.
is the answer gemination given??

thanks teethie,its gemination

 

[Svetlana]

other all option showing clubbing and cynotic nail bed....correct me if i m wrong....🙄

Well,agree that there is no clubbing in polycythemia , but i never heard about it in lupus too...

Wiki
Isolated clubbing


Clubbing in the fingers of a 33-year old female with Eisenmenger syndrome.


Clubbing is associated with:

• Lung disease:
  • Lung cancer, mainly large-cell (35% of all cases), not seen frequently in small cell lung cancer[6]
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Tuberculosis
  • Suppurative lung disease: lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis
  • Mesothelioma
  • A·V fistula
• Heart disease:
  • Any disease featuring chronic hypoxia
  • Congenital cyanotic heart disease (most common cardiac cause)
  • Subacute bacterial endocarditis
  • Atrial myxoma (benign tumor)
• Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary:
  • Malabsorption
  • Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
  • Cirrhosis, especially in primary biliary cirrhosis[7]
  • Hepatopulmonary syndrome, a complication of cirrhosis[8]
  • Laxative abuse
  • Polyposis
  • Esophageal CA
• Others:
  • Hyperthyroidism (thyroid acropachy)[9]
  • Familial and racial clubbing and "pseudoclubbing" (people of African descent often have what appears to be clubbing)
  • Vascular anomalies of the affected arm such as an axillary artery aneurysm (in unilateral clubbing)
  • Thymoma
  • Thalassemia

 

[teethie]

svetalna and pb2007, i think no source is correct in this case. i am not relying on anyone of the sources, lets stick to asda key.

another addition to confusion
came across ques no 102 frm M packet{2006}sayin lingual HOC to be on occlusal third wen middle third is also the given choice??😕😕😕

 

[Svetlana]

svetalna and pb2007, i think no source is correct in this case. i am not relying on anyone of the sources, lets stick to asda key.

So teethy,what do you think?
kaplan says middle
asda says occlusal