Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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d dimps

d dimps
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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.
 
which of following characterize both active n facilitated diffusion
1 hydrolysis of atp
2 compititive inhibition
3transport biderectional
transport against a conc gradient
i know only 2nd fits in rite choice but dont understand the reason??
 
👍

to list of lingual height of contour we hav one more addition
mand 1st premolar ........occlusal third

No!!!
This is about 2nd mand PM!

So let me confirm.
You guys think that ling.h.c

mand.2nd PM-0cclusal?
and the next tooth(1st M) will be middle

It's odd...i think.Great difference between adjacent teeth...
 
which of following characterize both active n facilitated diffusion
1 hydrolysis of atp
2 compititive inhibition
3transport biderectional
transport against a conc gradient
i know only 2nd fits in rite choice but dont understand the reason??

I think coz both of them have carrier that can bind to ANOTHER SUBSTRATE(comp.inhibitor for ex.)
 
thank you guys,

i found this question in ASDA exam 1988 and the answer is SLE .

I answered it polycythemia vera but i found the answer is SLE,so what do you think?
 
No!!!
This is about 2nd mand PM!

So let me confirm.
You guys think that ling.h.c

mand.2nd PM-0cclusal?
and the next tooth(1st M) will be middle

It's odd...i think.Great difference between adjacent teeth...
sorry for putting wrong info ,typing error,i corrected it now .
 
The transport proteins participating in facilitated diffusion resemble enzymes. Just as enzymes are substrate specific and only catalyse certain substrates, transport proteins are solute specific and only transport certain solutes. Transport proteins also have a limit of how many solutes they can transport. Finally, molecules can inhibit the protein in a way similar to competitive inhibition in enzymes.


which of following characterize both active n facilitated diffusion
1 hydrolysis of atp
2 compititive inhibition
3transport biderectional
transport against a conc gradient
i know only 2nd fits in rite choice but dont understand the reason??
 
Sorry for bothering you...
Bu t can you confirm please

Ling.h.c

all anteriors-cervical

mand. M-middle

max. M+mand.1st PM-j.of cervical and middle

Mand2nd Pm - ...

max.PM???

 
Ok , i know this is silly and probably the most basic but would be nice if somebody can fill up the blanks -

1. LONGEST tooth in the entire permanent dentition - Maxillary Canine
2. LONGEST tooth in the primary dentition - Maxillary canine ?
3. LONGEST Tooth in Maxillary arch - Maxi. Canine
4. LONGEST tooth in Mandibular arch - Mandibular Canine

LONGEST ROOT in Permanent dentition - Maxillary Canine ( 17 mm ) followed by Maxillary 2nd PM , Palat root of Maxillary 1st M.
Longest root in Maxillary arch - Maxillary Canine ( 17 mm )
Longest root in Mandibular arch - Mandibular canine ( 16 mm )
Longest root in primary dentition ???

Longest crown in permanent dentition ____________

Longest crown in Maxillary arch _______
Longest crown in Mandibular arch ______

Longest crown in primary dentition __________

Longest crown in Maxillary arch for primary dentition __________
Longest crown in mandibular arch for primary dentition __________

Please help !! 🙁
 
svetlana, i am here going with kaplan and wheelers again because only mand 2nd premolar is differently given in asda keys.


Sorry for bothering you...
Bu t can you confirm please

Ling.h.c

all anteriors-cervical------------yes

mand. M-middle-----------------yes

max. M+mand.1st PM-j.of cervical and middle----------yes acc. to kaplan

but mand 1st premolar: middle third(acc. to wheelers)

Mand2nd Pm - ...------------occlusal third(asda key)

max. 1st PM???------------middle third(wheelers)
 
Last edited:
Sorry for bothering you...
Bu t can you confirm please

Ling.h.c

all anteriors-cervical

mand. M-middle

max. M+mand.1st PM-j.of cervical and middle

Mand2nd Pm - ...

max.PM???
lingual height of contour
1 all anterior .....cervical third
2all max posteriors ......junc of cervical and middle third
3mand 1st premolar....same as max posterior
4 mand 2nd premolar....occlusal 3rd
5 mand molars....middle third .

hope i made no typing errors this time ,then this is the rite list we need to kno .
 
Please help !! 🙁
tallest crown inciso gingivally ....1 mandibular canine
2nd tallest max central
3rd tallest max canine
abt primary i hav no clue ,i was waitin for some else to reply for ur post so didnt answer.what i answered is frm my notes so dont kno if this is perfect.

abt primary all i kno is primary max canine is only tooth having longer mesial cusp slope than distal ,same for max 1st premolar.
 
Thanks Teethy,pb!!!

Cinderella,agree with what is already filled,but no idea about "the most..." of primary dentition...
 
tallest crown inciso gingivally ....1 mandibular canine
2nd tallest max central
3rd tallest max canine
abt primary i hav no clue ,i was waitin for some else to reply for ur post so didnt answer.what i answered is frm my notes so dont kno if this is perfect.

abt primary all i kno is primary max canine is only tooth having longer mesial cusp slope than distal ,same for max 1st premolar.

👍 Thanks a lott pb2007 ... well , the only reason why i was curious for these facts is ... we shouldn't lose points on the shortest , fattest , tallest teeth right... it'll only make us sad .. but your notes work well , It should serve the purpose... 🙂

Another Q .... Tonic stretch reflex causes muscle contraction .. right ?
Myotactic reflex causes M. relaxation....

is this understanding correct ? Now referring to decks card # 45 ( back of it ) Dental anat - can someone please tell me the co relation with the postural rest position ... ( 2 nd point )
 
👍 Thanks a lott pb2007 ... well , the only reason why i was curious for these facts is ... we shouldn't lose points on the shortest , fattest , tallest teeth right... it'll only make us sad .. but your notes work well , It should serve the purpose... 🙂

Another Q .... Tonic stretch reflex causes muscle contraction .. right ?
Myotactic reflex causes M. relaxation....

is this understanding correct ? Now referring to decks card # 45 ( back of it ) Dental anat - can someone please tell me the co relation with the postural rest position ... ( 2 nd point )
stretch reflex (myotatic) is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length.
When muscle lengthens, the spindle is stretched and the activity increases. This increases alpha motorneuron activity. Therefore the muscle contracts and the length decreases as a result. The gamma co-activation is important in this reflex because this allows spindles in the muscles to remain taut therefore sensitive even during contraction.
Consider this scenario: flexing your arm to touch your nose and while doing that you encounter perturbation which reverses the movement. With Gamma co-activation, monosynaptic stretch reflex return the movement to its previous course and the arm reaches the nose, but without it, spindles are slack and reflex will not be able to correct for the perturbation and the arm will fail to reach the nose.
Function of this reflex is to maintain a constant length and has the shortest latency of all spinal reflexes including 'Reflex mediated by the GTO (Golgi Tendon Organ)' and 'Reflexes mediated by pain and cutaneous receptors.'
 
stretch reflex (myotatic) is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length.
When muscle lengthens, the spindle is stretched and the activity increases. This increases alpha motorneuron activity. Therefore the muscle contracts and the length decreases as a result. The gamma co-activation is important in this reflex because this allows spindles in the muscles to remain taut therefore sensitive even during contraction.
Consider this scenario: flexing your arm to touch your nose and while doing that you encounter perturbation which reverses the movement. With Gamma co-activation, monosynaptic stretch reflex return the movement to its previous course and the arm reaches the nose, but without it, spindles are slack and reflex will not be able to correct for the perturbation and the arm will fail to reach the nose.
Function of this reflex is to maintain a constant length and has the shortest latency of all spinal reflexes including 'Reflex mediated by the GTO (Golgi Tendon Organ)' and 'Reflexes mediated by pain and cutaneous receptors.'

👍 So , stretch of the muscle fibres of the muscles of mastication causes contraction of the elevators ( namely , Masseter , temporalis , M. pterygoid muscle ) --> leading to postural rest position wherein the teeth are apart and mandible is at rest !
:xf:Please correct me and sorry in advance if i confuse u :xf: Something sounds wrong in what i just wrote above 🙁
 
this Q is from ASDA ...
During tooth eruption, the permanent successors of the primary teeth move occlusaly and..

1.distally
2.mesially
3.buccally (ans)
4.lingually
5.none of the above

my ans is lingually...but why it is given buccally...anybody can explain it..or given ans is wrong....plz help.?🙁

thanks....
 
Guys am i right about embrasures?
max.ant: lingual>facial
mand.ant:facial>lingual
posteriors:lingual>facial(exc.maxM)

Sorry for repeating this Q...
It's from Kaplan
 
and 1 Q from 1996 may be...
contact between maxCI and max lat inc--->centered faciolingually
(means that embr.are equal???)
Explain please
 
DECKS - dental anat - card # 56 {09-10} ( 2nd point on mandibular first molar root ) says crossection made apical to the bifurcation - we see,

kidney shaped canals in the distal

smaller , circular canals in the mesial...

shouldn't it be ,

kidney shaped canals in the MESIAL ( since 2 root canals are there MB and ML )

smaller , circular canals in the DISTAL...

pls confirm. This is not mentioned in dental deck correction page.
 
Have a quest.
Max.Lat incisor have rounded right angle on distal OR rounded acute angle on distal !!!!
Thanks
 
lingual height of contour
1 all anterior .....cervical third
2all max posteriors ......junc of cervical and middle third
3mand 1st premolar....same as max posterior
4 mand 2nd premolar....occlusal 3rd
5 mand molars....middle third .

hope i made no typing errors this time ,then this is the rite list we need to kno .

👍 thank you
 
👍 So , stretch of the muscle fibres of the muscles of mastication causes contraction of the elevators ( namely , Masseter , temporalis , M. pterygoid muscle ) --> leading to postural rest position wherein the teeth are apart and mandible is at rest !
:xf:Please correct me and sorry in advance if i confuse u :xf: Something sounds wrong in what i just wrote above 🙁
muscle spindles are stretch receptors n will lead to contraction while golgi tendon reflex will lead to relaxation of musclesn this pathway is polysynaptic
in simple words golgi tendons are tensometres which sense tension n relax the muscle{polysynaptic}
muscle spindles are stretchometres ,they strecth muscles .{monosynaptic}

plz correct if it sounds wrong .
 
muscle spindles are stretch receptors n will lead to contraction while golgi tendon reflex will lead to relaxation of musclesn this pathway is polysynaptic
in simple words golgi tendons are tensometres which sense tension n relax the muscle{polysynaptic}
muscle spindles are stretchometres ,they strecth muscles .{monosynaptic}

plz correct if it sounds wrong .

You are right!
 
Have a quest.
Max.Lat incisor have rounded right angle on distal OR rounded acute angle on distal !!!!
Thanks
hi wadent as a general rule the mesial angle is more straighter than distal or say distal is more rounded than mesial so max distal should be more rounded.
 
i agree with pb2007, wdent are u confused with terms right angle and acute?
then do not be, something which is rounded is not right angle will be acute angle.

Have a quest.
Max.Lat incisor have rounded right angle on distal OR rounded acute angle on distal !!!!
Thanks
 
Thanks Pb2007 🙂,,, 2 different sources say different things ,,,so its the ROUND ACUTE ANGLE ,,, thanks pb2007 and
Thanks Teethie 🙂

It was confusin but NOW ITS CLEAR yes.........happpppppppppy
 
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how many unpaired arteries are there in circle of willis
is it jst anterior communicating artery?
u r welcome wadent ....
 
Yes pb2007 agree with u ONLY anterior communicating artery is Unpaired

Because u have
2 ant.cerebral
2int.carotid
2 post.communicating
and 2 post.cerebral
 
how many unpaired arteries are there in circle of willis
is it jst anterior communicating artery?
u r welcome wadent ....
1 Anterior communicating artery, the two anterior cerebral, the two internal carotid, the two posterior communicating, and the two posterior cerebral arteries.
 
this Q is from ASDA ...
During tooth eruption, the permanent successors of the primary teeth move occlusaly and..

1.distally
2.mesially
3.buccally (ans)
4.lingually
5.none of the above

my ans is lingually...but why it is given buccally...anybody can explain it..or given ans is wrong....plz help.?🙁

thanks....
Its buccal/labial inclination during eruption...but aftr all the teeth have erupted the posteriors align themselves in lingual inclination.👍
 
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