Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.
 
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Yes teethie if it decreased then it makes sense !! agree with u (thats what i was thinkin too ) ...Because what Svetlana is sayin increase po2 pressure !!!!!!!!!!!
there is a mistake defenately....
 
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you can also read from wheeler ,chart is given there actually primary second molar erupts at 24 month so answer can not be 1-2 yrs.


deck said:
Sorry to keep posting old exam questions...could anyone tell me why answer is not 1, I thought root is just 2+eruption month

Calcification of the roots of the primary dentition is normally completed at what age?

  1. 1-2 years
  2. 3-4 years😕
  3. 5-6 years
  4. 7-8 years
  5. None of the above
Click to expand...
 
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wdent, let us see if svetlana confirms it again.



wdent said:
Yes teethie if it decreased then it makes sense !! agree with u (thats what i was thinkin too ) ...Because what Svetlana is sayin increase po2 pressure !!!!!!!!!!!
there is a mistake defenately....
Click to expand...
 
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wdent said:
Hey(Previet)
Svetlana...
Tryin to link the relation ship between Bronchitis and Po2 level ,,it suppose to decrease ,,why increase ,,,r u sure it says increase Po2 !!!!!!
Lookin to hear frm u ..where u read it from !
Click to expand...

its from NBDE 1st aid Q&A,micro\path section Q58.
if so,its the 2nd mistake in this book i have found.
The first one was in the same section Q29
Ooooooh...
 
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hey guys just read dat G6PHOSPATE is a startin material of TCA cycle is dat true is it like they r talkin abt the glycolyic pathway cos hw can g6p be an immediate substrate fo TCA😕
 
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svetlana, you are right again, thanks for pointing out these mistakes. these are serious printing errors.


Svetlana said:
its from NBDE 1st aid Q&A,micro\path section Q58.
if so,its the 2nd mistake in this book i have found.
The first one was in the same section Q29
Ooooooh...
Click to expand...
 
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dent anat 109
On deck, it said the laterotrusive movement ( working), the lingual cusp of maxillary second premolar passes through the ""facial embrassure between the second premolar and first molar...how come is not lingual embrasure
???

dent anat 201
On deck, it said primary fist max molar has wide MB and narrow mesiolingual....but the picture show the primary 1stmolar just looks like permanent max 2nd molar....is it a typo??


from the 2010 deck....

anyone know the answer?? Thanks!!
 
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Svetlana said:
its from NBDE 1st aid Q&A,micro\path section Q58.
if so,its the 2nd mistake in this book i have found.
The first one was in the same section Q29
Ooooooh...
Click to expand...

HI
This is explanation for another Q(156) in the same section.

"A blue bloater is
someone who has chronic bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis is a disease in people with
a history of cigarette smoking. These patients are blue due to cyanosis
caused by increased partial pressure oxygen."

Is it really increased and we do not understand smth???

Smb,clarify it please!
 
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Hi Svetlana
I chkd research articles also... all of them say that PO2 is decreased!!
so i think we dont need to think too much... i might be a typo

And dont forget Cyanosis is due to increasd deoxygenated Hb in blood which means less Po2!!
 
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** 17. Maxillary incisors are the only anterior teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 18. Maxillary incisors are the only maxillary teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 19. Mandibular Molars are the only posterior teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 20. Mandibular Molars are the only mandibular teeth that are mesiodistally than faciolingually.

please clarify 😱
 
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bratdoc said:
Hi Svetlana
I chkd research articles also... all of them say that PO2 is decreased!!
so i think we dont need to think too much... i might be a typo

And dont forget Cyanosis is due to increasd deoxygenated Hb in blood which means less Po2!!
Click to expand...

Thanks a lot!!!
 
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no it is wrong. why would cyanosis occur in increased PO2.
READ THESE:

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/mech/cases/case8/copdqa.htm

TO EXPLAIN WHY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OCCUR, READ THIS:

The decrease in oxygen levels in the blood also increases the pressure in the artery through which blood flows from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary artery). As a result of the increased pressure, pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale can occur .

THIS INCREASED PRESSURE IN NOT OF OXYGEN.

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html

HOPE THIS IS ALL CLEAR NOW.





Svetlana said:
HI
This is explanation for another Q(156) in the same section.

"A blue bloater is
someone who has chronic bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis is a disease in people with
a history of cigarette smoking. These patients are blue due to cyanosis
caused by increased partial pressure oxygen."

Is it really increased and we do not understand smth???

Smb,clarify it please!
Click to expand...
 
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What is the question, is it true or false question?

All of these are true.

Strange choices though😉

cindrella said:
** 17. Maxillary incisors are the only anterior teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 18. Maxillary incisors are the only maxillary teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 19. Mandibular molars are the only posterior teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 20. Mandibular molars are the only mandibular teeth that are mesiodistally than faciolingually.

Please clarify 😱
Click to expand...
 
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deck said:
dent anat 109
On deck, it said the laterotrusive movement ( working), the lingual cusp of maxillary second premolar passes through the ""facial embrassure between the second premolar and first molar...how come is not lingual embrasure
???

dent anat 201
On deck, it said primary fist max molar has wide MB and narrow mesiolingual....but the picture show the primary 1stmolar just looks like permanent max 2nd molar....is it a typo??


from the 2010 deck....

anyone know the answer?? Thanks!!
Click to expand...
both these decks need to be corrected,its a mistake .
check this link n make the corrections
http://www.dentaldecks.com/Pages/Morecorrections.aspx
 
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what do you think when we see anterior teeth
is it their contact is in the middle third faciolingually
or their contact is buccal situated when seen incisally.
 
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Have a question pls,can some one answer this
Iam wondering about what lines the viceral cavity !!! Mesotherlium or epithelium !!! bec.its kinda confusing..

Thnaks in advance..!
🙂
 
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wdent said:
Have a question pls,can some one answer this
Iam wondering about what lines the viceral cavity !!! Mesotherlium or epithelium !!! bec.its kinda confusing..

Thnaks in advance..!
🙂
Click to expand...

Its mesothelium (just special name for visceral epithelium,which is simple squamous)
 
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Antidiuretic hormone acts to

  1. decrease renal filtration fraction.
  2. increase storage capacity of the bladder.
  3. decrease permeability of distoconvoluted tubules and/or collecting ducts to water.
  4. increase permeability of distoconvoluted tubules and/or collecting ducts to water????
Is this answer wrong???
 
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Cindrella said:
** 17. Maxillary incisors are the only anterior teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 18. Maxillary incisors are the only maxillary teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 19. Mandibular Molars are the only posterior teeth that are wider mesiodistally than faciolingually.
** 20. Mandibular Molars are the only mandibular teeth that are mesiodistally than faciolingually.

please clarify 😱
Click to expand...

I have a doubt about point 18 becos I read somewhere that Maxillary central incisors are wider mesiodistally, but not more than the Faciolingual dimensions cos both tend to be the same. Anyways, I dont believe that Lateral incisors are wider MD than FL. So how can there be a generalisation that max incisors are wider MD than FL?
I am confused! Please correct me if I am wrong.
 
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Antidiuretic hormone acts to
  1. decrease renal filtration fraction.
  2. increase storage capacity of the bladder.
  3. decrease permeability of distoconvoluted tubules and/or collecting ducts to water.
  4. increase permeability of distoconvoluted tubules and/or collecting ducts to water????
Is this answer wrong???

the ans is correct actually 🙂 cos the ADH acts by creating aquaporin channels in the distal ct and coll tubules so that means it is increasin the permeability !!!

@ TEETHI : even i doubted dat i found dat in the bio deck where they wer expln abt glukokinase😕
 
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deck said:
Antidiuretic hormone acts to

  1. decrease renal filtration fraction.
  2. increase storage capacity of the bladder.
  3. decrease permeability of distoconvoluted tubules and/or collecting ducts to water.
  4. increase permeability of distoconvoluted tubules and/or collecting ducts to water????
Is this answer wrong???
Click to expand...

I think this is right becos ADH would increase permeability of distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in order to take away water from them and conserve it. That is how it makes urine more concentrated. Only if permeability is increased will water flow out easily and enter the interstitium.
That is my understanding🙂
 
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hi elmos, contact is centred faciolingually when seen incisally for anterior teeth, and contact is buccal when seen incisally for posterior teeth.


elmos said:
what do you think when we see anterior teeth
is it their contact is in the middle third faciolingually
or their contact is buccal situated when seen incisally.
Click to expand...
 
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I have always read that Max CI are wider mesiodistally but if you recall the source where you read,and post here we can discuss about it.

Gotaf said:
I have a doubt about point 18 becos I read somewhere that Maxillary central incisors are wider mesiodistally, but not more than the Faciolingual dimensions cos both tend to be the same. Anyways, I dont believe that Lateral incisors are wider MD than FL. So how can there be a generalisation that max incisors are wider MD than FL?
I am confused! Please correct me if I am wrong.
Click to expand...
 
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I agree with you , just to add, it can be similar in alkaptonuria when urine turns black too. so not sure if black is still considered tea colored.😉

options are not here so just keep these choices in mind.


bratdoc said:
Tea colored urine= Bile in urine

Lemme know if im wrong
Click to expand...
 
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agree👍

Gotaf said:
I think this is right becos ADH would increase permeability of distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in order to take away water from them and conserve it. That is how it makes urine more concentrated. Only if permeability is increased will water flow out easily and enter the interstitium.
That is my understanding🙂
Click to expand...
 
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teethie said:
I have always read that Max CI are wider mesiodistally but if you recall the source where you read,and post here we can discuss about it.
Click to expand...

Oh god! teethie you are right.
My brain seems to be on vacation today:laugh:
Was confusing FL with incisocervical. My bad.
 
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explanation help:

Which artery of ECA can't find in carotid triangle

which muscle will be damaged if tongue deviates to left on protrusion

Histology related to articular cartilage what is special feature?

increased susceptibility to retinal infections:
hypothroidism, hyperthyroidism, gardner syndrome, hypopitutarism?????

woman in 2nd trimester took tetracycline, what teeth of baby are affected?

when does oral mucosa gets cyanosed?

in which form flouride is absorbed in intestine? is it ionic form???

bacteria causing floppy baby??
 
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teethie said:
explanation help:

Which artery of ECA can't find in carotid triangle

which muscle will be damaged if tongue deviates to left on protrusion

Histology related to articular cartilage what is special feature?

increased susceptibility to retinal infections:
hypothroidism, hyperthyroidism, gardner syndrome, hypopitutarism?????

woman in 2nd trimester took tetracycline, what teeth of baby are affected?

when does oral mucosa gets cyanosed?

in which form flouride is absorbed in intestine? is it ionic form???

bacteria causing floppy baby??
Click to expand...
1 maxillary n superficial temporal branch of ext carotid not found in carotid triangle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_triangle
2.genioglossus
floppy baby syndrome is also called infant botulism caused by clostridium botulinum.read more in kaplan review micro chap on gram positive bacilli
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TB1-4K3CNG5-7&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1436244627&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=863ae481905253b91805119af5479cbd
check this out for flouride
http://books.google.com/books?id=7H...etinal infections and hyperthyroidism&f=false
could'nt find anything clearly abt retinal infection but according to this link may be hyperthyroidism ,not really satisfied with search .if i find sumthing better i will post that .
 
Last edited:
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pb2007,Thank u sooooooooo much. yes i found floppy baby bacteria in kaplan.
So flouride is reabsobed as HF-ion MORE than F-ion. this is new to learn.

for retina infection, i think i might have wrong choices it can be diabetes not any other hormonal disorders.

what abt cyanosis question?


pb2007 said:
1 maxillary n superficial temporal branch of ext carotid not found in carotid triangle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_triangle
2.genioglossus
floppy baby syndrome is also called infant botulism caused by clostridium botulinum.read more in kaplan review micro chap on gram positive bacilli
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TB1-4K3CNG5-7&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1990&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1436244627&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=863ae481905253b91805119af5479cbd
check this out for flouride
http://books.google.com/books?id=7H...etinal infections and hyperthyroidism&f=false
could'nt find anything clearly abt retinal infection but according to this link may be hyperthyroidism ,not really satisfied with search .if i find sumthing better i will post that .
Click to expand...
 
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Gotaf said:
I think this is right becos ADH would increase permeability of distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in order to take away water from them and conserve it. That is how it makes urine more concentrated. Only if permeability is increased will water flow out easily and enter the interstitium.
That is my understanding🙂
Click to expand...


Thank you guys!!! I love SDN ^^ U guys are great!!!!👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
 
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Which of the following permanent teeth have mesial concavities that require special attention when removing calculus deposits?: (a) Maxillary central incisors; (b) Maxillary first premolars; (c) Maxillary first molars; (d) Mandibular second premolars

  1. (a) and (b) only
  2. (a), (b) and (c)
  3. (b) and (c) only...😕I thought max 1st molar has concavity at distal?
  4. (b), (c) and (d)
  5. (c) and (d) only
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif]thank u guys
.
 
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pb2007 said:
for cyanosis ques teethie thius link below mentions heart murmurs
http://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/Heart-Murmurs/htmurmurs.htm

there are many conditions where cyanosis will be found so basically depends on choices .
Click to expand...


CaseHgb concentrationOxygen saturation or % oxygenated Hgb% Deoxygenated HgbConcentration of deoxygenated HgbFindings114 g/dl95%5%0.7 g/dlPink mucosa214 g/dl85%15%2.1 g/dlCyanosis36 g/dl85%15%???????Why ?isnt it suppose to be more than 15 %0.9Pink mucosa428 g/dl95%5%1.4 g/dlCyanosis


Why only 15 % deoxygenated hb !!shouldnt it be more than the oxygentaed hb!
 
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teethie said:
explanation help:

Which artery of ECA can't find in carotid triangle

which muscle will be damaged if tongue deviates to left on protrusion

It will be left genioglossus due to the unopposed action of the genioglossus muscle on the normally innervated side of the tongue (the genioglossus pulls the tongue forward). Remember, the genioglossus arises laterally in the tongue and inserts on the midline of the mandible.

Histology related to articular cartilage what is special feature?

increased susceptibility to retinal infections:
hypothroidism, hyperthyroidism, gardner syndrome, hypopitutarism?????

woman in 2nd trimester took tetracycline, what teeth of baby are affected?
All the primary teeth i guess coz primary teeth start calcifying around week 14 IU!!! Do lemme know if im wrong!!


when does oral mucosa gets cyanosed?

in which form flouride is absorbed in intestine? is it ionic form???

bacteria causing floppy baby??
Click to expand...

..
 
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Thanks a lot pb2007 and brat doc. I am sorry did not have choices.

wdent, the link already says that even small %age of deoxygenated Hb can cause cyanosis so do not think too much on the numeric values.


pb2007 said:
for cyanosis ques teethie thius link below mentions heart murmurs
http://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/Heart-Murmurs/htmurmurs.htm

there are many conditions where cyanosis will be found so basically depends on choices .
Click to expand...

@ wdent CaseHgb concentrationOxygen saturation or % oxygenated Hgb% Deoxygenated HgbConcentration of deoxygenated HgbFindings114 g/dl95%5%0.7 g/dlPink mucosa214 g/dl85%15%2.1 g/dlCyanosis36 g/dl85%15%???????Why ?isnt it suppose to be more than 15 %0.9Pink mucosa428 g/dl95%5%1.4 g/dlCyanosis
Why only 15 % deoxygenated hb !!shouldnt it be more than the oxygentaed hb!
 
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I found the answer to this:


QUOTE]
Histology related to articular cartilage what is special feature?

Articular cartilage is not covered by perichondrium.
 
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