Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.
 
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if we see other options only influenza is a viral infection and for virus to attack, there is a need of cell receptors.something called cellular tropism.

pb2007 said:
can someone explain the 1st two ques .i didnt find how influenza virus works .
Click to expand...
 
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teethie said:
I am posting one correction of anatomy decks #214 which I am sure you all already know, but I am still posting it.

Only cranial nerve 3, 5,(ophthalmic divison) and 6 th nerve passes through superior orbital fiisure.
by mistake there is a trochlear nerve mentioned.
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Teethie
From where do u think trochlear nerve will exit from to supply the sup.orbital muscle ?????
Why do u think its written wrong in decks!
 
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trochlear nerve emerges from the dorsal aspect of brain stem. this is an exception.
refrence kaplan

wdent said:
Teethie
From where do u think trochlear nerve will exit from to supply the sup.orbital muscle ?????
Why do u think its written wrong in decks!
Click to expand...
 
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ur correct abt the emergence or the origin of the trochlear nerve it is the smallest cranial nerve and the only cranial nerve which emerges frm the dorsal aspect of brain stem wer rest all come frm ventral aspect!!!!!!!!!🙂this is also given in one of the decks just check once !!!!!

but regarding entry into the face to supply the muscles they ie CN 3 4 5 6 do pass thru the superior orbital fissure !!!! this emergence into face is diffrnt frm origin!!!!!!!!!🙂 hope u got it !!!!am 100 % sure abt it
 
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oh yes asheer you are 100% right, i just got confused with the wording. oh no, how can i misunderstand that wrong🙁

wdent, sorry abt the trouble, i was wrong, will correct my post. just could not understand words emergence and exit.
 
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Guys Check this out


Source wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_interventricular_branch_of_left_coronary_artery
Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
Supply
It supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex, and interventricular septum. The LAD typically supplies 45-55% of the left ventricle (LV).


Source wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_coronary_artery
In addition to supplying blood to the right ventricle (RV), the RCA supplies 25% to 35% of the left ventricle (LV).

Source: Kaplan
Right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node and AV node, and parts of the left atrium and left ventricle.
Left coronary artery supplies most of the left ventricle, the left atrium, and the interventricular septum

😕
Now i know First AId has a lot of errors, and i dont even have it to check so can someone please refer some other book apart from Decks and First Aid
 
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The contact areas of anterior teeth are incisal to the middle thirds in each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
A) Mesial contact of the maxillary lateral incisor
B) Mesial contact of the mandibular lateral incisor
C) Distal contact of the mandibular lateral incisor
D) Distal contact of the maxillary canine
E) Mesial contact of the maxillary canine

I remember that maxillary contact with adjacent teeth for anterior teeth are
IJ, JM, JM......am I wrong??? Thank you guys😍
 
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deck said:
The contact areas of anterior teeth are incisal to the middle thirds in each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
A) Mesial contact of the maxillary lateral incisor
B) Mesial contact of the mandibular lateral incisor
C) Distal contact of the mandibular lateral incisor
D) Distal contact of the maxillary canine
E) Mesial contact of the maxillary canine

I remember that maxillary contact with adjacent teeth for anterior teeth are
IJ, JM, JM......am I wrong??? Thank you guys😍
Click to expand...

its goes for maxillary : IJ JM JM
mandibular: II II IM 👍
 
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bratdoc said:
Guys Check this out


Source wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_interventricular_branch_of_left_coronary_artery
Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
Supply
It supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex, and interventricular septum. The LAD typically supplies 45-55% of the left ventricle (LV).


Source wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_coronary_artery
In addition to supplying blood to the right ventricle (RV), the RCA supplies 25% to 35% of the left ventricle (LV).

Source: Kaplan
Right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node and AV node, and parts of the left atrium and left ventricle.
Left coronary artery supplies most of the left ventricle, the left atrium, and the interventricular septum

😕
Now i know First AId has a lot of errors, and i dont even have it to check so can someone please refer some other book apart from Decks and First Aid
Click to expand...

hey bratdoc ..does Kaplan have many errors too ??
 
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Cindrella said:
hey bratdoc ..does Kaplan have many errors too ??
Click to expand...



Not that i know of!!i have just heared that First Aid has quite a few errors

And for this question the 2 sources which say its the RCA are Wiki and Kaplan
whereas the 1 source saying LAD is the set of decks!!
Really dont know....
And the other book i have called Anatomy at a glance says it is variable person to person depending on size!!
😱
 
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Hi bratdoc,
I have checked some Medicine books and cold not find any answer ,also I do not deny that decks also have got errors butt his answer is mentioned as an important note in decks which I do not think can be wrong and no correction is posted for it.
As far as wikipedia is concerned, we all know that information in wikipedia is always editable so when it comes to reliability we can not say it is always right.
kaplan does not mention at all if RCA is most commonly involved ,it only says that it supplies both ventricles.

that was my opninion in order to avoid confusions but others are most welcome to put some light on this question.
bratdoc said:
Not that i know of!!i have just heared that First Aid has quite a few errors

And for this question the 2 sources which say its the RCA are Wiki and Kaplan
whereas the 1 source saying LAD is the set of decks!!
Really dont know....
And the other book i have called Anatomy at a glance says it is variable person to person depending on size!!
😱
Click to expand...
 
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I am always confused with this.
is there anything called pterygomandibular ligament??
 
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need help with this concept
biochem deck no 23 mentions in the last point that deoxygenated hemoglobin is less acidic than oxygenated hemoglobin and therefore ideally suited to buffer the h ions
should'nt deoxygenated hemoglobin be more acidic n oxygenated heme less??
 
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teethie said:
read this, does this make sense.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=NYa...obin acidic less&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q&f=false
Click to expand...
thanks for the link teethie ,her's what i understand abt this concept.in peripheral tissues the cells is unloading oxygen n takin up co2 ,when this co2 enters rbc .its been acted upon by carbonic anhydrase n makes h2co3 which is further boken down to protons or hydrogen ions n bicarb ions .these bicarb ions move out in plasma n chloride ions move in to balance out .since we kno rbc also acts as buffers so the heme in rbc holds back those protons making rbc more acidic .n this is wen dissociation curve for oxygen moves to right side coz entry of co2 makes cells give up oxygen .
this is what i understand ,plz correct me if wrong .
 
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i think these are two different things, one is affinity and other is chemical structure. initially i was also thinking that low ph shifting of curve is the reason.

your concept is right but this concept is different from the question you asked why oxygenated hb is acidic. what you explained is right when we say how affinity of oxygen and CO2 is related to ph. but Hb is not becoming acidic or basic right.
shifting of curve to right is due to low ph when metabolic needs of body eg exercise, are high and during that stage oxygen can not bind with Hb.

your original question was why oxygenated hb is acidic. it is is due to the chemical property of Hbmolecule, let us say we read in amino acids which amino acid is acidic or basic, so same thing is here, it is because oxygen binding changes the Hb structure. that makes oxygenated hb acidic.

this is my understanding....

 
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What percentage volume of saliva is produced by submandibular glands ? Parotid produes 30 % ...am i right ?! and submandibular gland produces greatest volume of saliva... can i please a get a bit more info. on this ... thank you ...
 
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The submandibular gland's highly active acini account for approximately 70% of salivary volume. The parotid and sublingual glands account for the remaining 30%.
Reference from wiki



Cindrella said:
What percentage volume of saliva is produced by submandibular glands ? Parotid produes 30 % ...am i right ?! and submandibular gland produces greatest volume of saliva... can i please a get a bit more info. on this ... thank you ...
Click to expand...
 
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wdent said:
Hey..
Pls need help with card number 69 decks-biochemstry
Not understanding the WOBBLE efect !!!
Click to expand...
In simple words if an Amino acid is coded by lets say AUG then if the last codon G were to change due to mutation or some other effect .... there would be no change in the Amino acid produced..... Does not matter if it changed to AUU, AUC, AUG, AUA... as long as the first two codons (A and U) remain the same there will be no change in the amino acid produced... so the last codon is allowed to "wobble" without affecting the resultant amino acid... call it a protection against mutation if u will!!
 
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The lymph vessels that drain both dental
arches connect directly with which of the
following nodes?
1.Submandibular
2.Deep cervical
3.Sublingual
4.Retropharyngeal
5.Superficial cervical
 
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aiming 4 dds said:
The lymph vessels that drain both dental
arches connect directly with which of the
following nodes?
1.Submandibular
2.Deep cervical
3.Sublingual
4.Retropharyngeal
5.Superficial cervical
Click to expand...

is it submandibular ? Pg.72 of first aid says maxillary and mandibular teeth drain there ---> Jugulo digastric nodes ---> Jugulo omohyoid node

please correct if i am wrong...
 
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As given in decks 06/07
In head and neck lymph ultimately drains into............
Deep cervical lymph node

But in dis question ans is Submandibular lymph nodes..........

I m not getting the difference
 
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To all my dear friends on this thread, I was away as I took my exam 2 weeks back.. And since I did not do well on the exam, was just anticipating the scores.
Still I am a little relieved, on scoring a 90. Since I feel exam was so hard so was expecting even lower score on exam. Anyways if I can be of any help here please ask away.
 
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congratulation great score, can u advice us what to study for last moment, and is it your second time or first time?
 
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elmos said:
congratulation great score, can u advice us what to study for last moment, and is it your second time or first time?
Click to expand...

Yeah This was my second time and I hardly had studied anything the first time.. So I sat down really concentrated well this time..
Ok, for the end days I suggest just concentrate on your theory in which ever form you are reading it.. it should be fine if it is Kaplan or decks or MLE first aid.
Do go through some Qns like an hour or 2 a day..
Clear your concepts as much as you can before the exam because they really will pull you through, even if you forget some learned answers on the last days..
Good Luck.
 
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teethie said:
i think these are two different things, one is affinity and other is chemical structure. initially i was also thinking that low ph shifting of curve is the reason.

your concept is right but this concept is different from the question you asked why oxygenated hb is acidic. what you explained is right when we say how affinity of oxygen and CO2 is related to ph. but Hb is not becoming acidic or basic right.
shifting of curve to right is due to low ph when metabolic needs of body eg exercise, are high and during that stage oxygen can not bind with Hb.

your original question was why oxygenated hb is acidic. it is is due to the chemical property of Hbmolecule, let us say we read in amino acids which amino acid is acidic or basic, so same thing is here, it is because oxygen binding changes the Hb structure. that makes oxygenated hb acidic.

this is my understanding....


Thank you so much!!!!👍
Click to expand...
 
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hey , congratulations ddsaspi🙂
i am so happy to hear your score. as i said in one of my prvious posts that your posts showed the depth of knowledge you possess and i was sure you wont get below 90s. great 👍👍👍👍👍,
and now all the best for admissions. thank u for joining us back, if you can take little time and post answers to our queries would be highly appreciated.

ddsaspi said:
To all my dear friends on this thread, I was away as I took my exam 2 weeks back.. And since I did not do well on the exam, was just anticipating the scores.
Still I am a little relieved, on scoring a 90. Since I feel exam was so hard so was expecting even lower score on exam. Anyways if I can be of any help here please ask away.
Click to expand...
 
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i think u r right. i have no source but direct drainage has to be in submandibular nodes which ultimately drain in deep cervical nodes. pl correct if wrong.

aiming 4 dds said:
As given in decks 06/07
In head and neck lymph ultimately drains into............
Deep cervical lymph node

But in dis question ans is Submandibular lymph nodes..........

I m not getting the difference
Click to expand...
 
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teethie said:
hey , congratulations ddsaspi🙂
i am so happy to hear your score. as i said in one of my prvious posts that your posts showed the depth of knowledge you possess and i was sure you wont get below 90s. great 👍👍👍👍👍,
and now all the best for admissions. thank u for joining us back, if you can take little time and post answers to our queries would be highly appreciated.
Click to expand...

Thank you for the kind words teethie.. I got my scores on Monday but was apprehensive in posting 'coz some people really consider it exhibitionism.. But I posted it to motivate others,who have been studying with me..anyways I sure will contribute again after Friday..its like if we work hard, it doesn't go waste.. all the best for everyone who are yet to take their exams
 
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From the deck testlet,
on case #9 question 5
The patient is found to have injury to spinal accessory nerve in the area of the posterior triangle of the neck. the injury will cause paralysis of
b trapezius m.
d STM m.

Why is not b?? anyone can explain? PLZ!
 
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I can not understand this ques and answer😕😕
can anyone explain please?

which of th efollowing describes the effect of drug that inhibits renal carboic anhydrase?
a)it decrsease urea clearance
b)increases Tm for glucose
c)increases acididity of urine
d)decreases sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule-----asda answer
 
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teethie said:
I can not understand this ques and answer😕😕
can anyone explain please?

which of th efollowing describes the effect of drug that inhibits renal carboic anhydrase?
a)it decrsease urea clearance
b)increases Tm for glucose
c)increases acididity of urine
d)decreases sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule-----asda answer
Click to expand...
hi teethie,here what i think is reasoning behing this .
in proximal convoluted tubule cell carbonic anhydrase makes bicarb ion n hydrogen or proton .on the luminal side of the PCT there is antiport transport across the luminal side membrane in which a carrier protein help in reabsorption of sodium or throws it inside the luminal cell n at the same time will pick proton frm inside n throw it out inthe lumen of PCT or say proton is secreted out .so basically this antiport transport workin on luminal side of PCT memb .so that'z why sodium reabsorption will be compromised if carbonic anhydrase is missing in luminal cells coz no proton will be formed so antiport transport sys won't work .this is actually one of the many ways how sodium is moved into the cell frm the lumen.
in choices first two hav nothing to do with carbonic anhydrase .
hope this helps .
http://www.springerlink.com/content/j41v5u2616830230/
 
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i am asking on emore question, i hope i do not bug you all.

this question is from N series q#101 and q#81 both questions have axon as option then why neuron is answer in one of the questions.

i am confused when do we say it is sensory axon and not neuron.

i know basal is for motor and alar plate is for sensory, but i am confused if it should be neuron or axon ??? is there anything printed wrong in answer😕
 
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teethie said:
i am asking on emore question, i hope i do not bug you all.

this question is from N series q#101 and q#81 both questions have axon as option then why neuron is answer in one of the questions.

i am confused when do we say it is sensory axon and not neuron.

i know basal is for motor and alar plate is for sensory, but i am confused if it should be neuron or axon ??? is there anything printed wrong in answer😕
Click to expand...
nueron is whole unit which includes axon ,dendrite n cell body n alar plate is jst responsible for making sensory axon part.have a luk at wikipedia link .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alar_plate
sorry i jst saw ques 81 ,my file isnt opening nxt page.
sorry teethie my reasonin isnt proper was checkin wiki for spinal cord which mentions alar n basal plate give rise to motor n sensory neurons .if u undestand plz plz let us all kno.
 
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thank u pb2007 for your try .do not be sorry for anything, you are always helping me here. i wil try to look in some books and post the difference why sensory part is axon and motor part is neuron.

 
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