Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

---

Members do not see this ad.

1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Gotaf]

thank u pb2007 for your try .do not be sorry for anything, you are always helping me here. i wil try to look in some books and post the difference why sensory part is axon and motor part is neuron.


First of all thanks 'teethie' for bringing these questions to our attention.
I had totally overlooked them. But once you brought them up, I looked closely and was confused as well.
Then I read the questions carefully and did some research.
From what I found, the difference seems to be in the words 'marginal' and 'mantle' in the two questions.
Mantle layer gives rise to the neuron proper or gray matter of spinal cord!
And marginal layer gives rise only to axons. Thats what a couple of websites said.
I didnt know that! Hope that helps though.🙂

http://books.google.com/books?id=ha... mantle layer of alar and basal plate&f=false

 

[pb2007]

thanks gotaf for clearing this doubt 👍

 

[teethie]

thanks a lot gotaf for your search and clarification👍
so i can bug you all again😉😉.

i found something regarding development of spinal cord, i found this useful so posting the link.
http://books.google.ca/books?id=sYC...sal spinal cord marginal mantle layer&f=false

 

[Cindrella]

Epithelial cells of the small intestine show surface modification known as

stereocilia.
the ciliary border.
the striated border....... ASDA's answer
the cuticular border.
none of the above....... My answer...

please clarify

 

[Gotaf]

Epithelial cells of the small intestine show surface modification known as

stereocilia.
the ciliary border.
the striated border....... ASDA's answer
the cuticular border.
none of the above....... My answer...

please clarify[/QUOTE

@Cindrella

This is a tricky way of putting it but the answer seems to be right by ASDA.
We are so used to thinking that epithelial cells of small intestine have brush border appearance, but it seems it can also be called striated border appearance!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush_border

From which year is this question?

 

[teethie]

Please advise.
Q# 86 N series, what is major function of masticatory system? From where I can read about it?

 

[teethie]

never mind, i found it.

Please advise.
Q# 86 N series, what is major function of masticatory system? From where I can read about it?

 

[elmos]

thanks a lot for clarifying this .thks a lot.

 

[teethie]

need help with these,sorry no options available

1. What is the phagocytic complex in complement?
2. How does Fibrosis cause cirrhosis in the liver?
3. How does Chemiosmosis make ATP?
4. What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?
5. A lung lobule consists of what?
   

 

[teethie]

..i found this.

need help with these,sorry no options available
How does Fibrosis cause cirrhosis in the liver?

fibrosis causes hepatocytes injury and cause nodular regenaration activity with architecture distortion rsulting in cirrhosis.
pl correct if wrong.

1. 
   

 

[ibeflossin]

need help with these,sorry no options available

1. What is the phagocytic complex in complement? C5a I think??
   
2. How does Fibrosis cause cirrhosis in the liver?
3. How does Chemiosmosis make ATP? electron transport chain
   
4. What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?
   
5. A lung lobule consists of what?
   

?

 

[wdent]

need help with these,sorry no options available///////////////////////////////////////////

1. What is the phagocytic complex in complement?--Fc C3b
2. How does Fibrosis cause cirrhosis in the liver?
3. How does Chemiosmosis make ATP? i think electron transport chain !!
4. What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?--isopropyl alcohol
5. A lung lobule consists of what?!!!!!!
   

Pls correct me if iam wrong

 

[teethie]

thank u ibeflossin and wdent very much for your answers.👍

 

[pb2007]

need help with these,sorry no options available

1. What is the phagocytic complex in complement?
2. How does Fibrosis cause cirrhosis in the liver?
3. How does Chemiosmosis make ATP?
4. What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?
5. A lung lobule consists of what?
   

lung lobule forms the basic unit of respiration ,it consists of terminal bronchiole followed by repiratory bronchioles n then in the very end its broken down to alveolar sacs and alveoli {reference netter's atlas ,plate 192}

for lipohilic virus i agree with wadent its isoproply alcohal 70%.{deck 286 micro}
chemiosmosis basically means how atp synthase makes atp in mitochondrial matrix in the final steps of oxidative phosphorylation .during oxidation reduction steps in ETC chain protons are pumped out into tranmembrane area by complex 1 ,3 and 4.this makes out very electropositive .so this difference in the electronegativity drives these protons into the matrix by ATP synthase which actually provides enough energy for ADP to phosphorylate n form atp.
my descrition is very vague actually ,u should refer this link for more detail .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiosmosis

have a look at this for fibrosis of liver
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546435/

 

[teethie]

thank u pb2007 for this explanation👍

i am so happy to get all help from sdners🙂.

lung lobule forms the basic unit of respiration ,it consists of terminal bronchiole followed by repiratory bronchioles n then in the very end its broken down to alveolar sacs and alveoli {reference netter's atlas ,plate 192}

for lipohilic virus i agree with wadent its isoproply alcohal 70%.{deck 286 micro}

 

[wdent]

Have a question pls

In centric occlusion relationship where the canine is been moved what happnes ?--the out come can it be CANINE guuidance will shift to post.teeth !!!! PLS CORRECT ME IF IAM WRONG ????! 🙂
Thanks

 

[bratdoc]

Have a question pls

In centric occlusion relationship where the canine is been moved what happnes ?--the out come can it be CANINE guuidance will shift to post.teeth !!!! (NO I THINK CANINE GUIDANCE WILL BE LOST) PLS CORRECT ME IF IAM WRONG ????! 🙂
Thanks

And there will be premature contact of Posterior teeth during movement... coz there will be no canine guidance to prevent that!

Please lemme know if im thinking the wrong way!

 

[elmos]

while doing gliding movement from posterior occlusion will
increase vertical dimension or decrease vertical dimension
or increase horizontal dimension or decrease dimension pls help?

 

[bratdoc]

""What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?--isopropyl alcohol""

Quoting from deck #286 : "Even some viruses (Lipophilic viruses only) are INACTIVATED by alcohol"

So what i understand of this is:
1. that Nonlipophilic viruses are not affected
2. Lipophilic viruses are merely "inactivated"(static) as opposed to killing(cidal)

Guys help me out here??!!!

 

[wdent]

@bratdoc..
Thanks for ur reply !!
still didnt get it :/
since canine is lost, what do u think will happen to the post teeth !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! cant get this concept rite.!

 

[pb2007]

And there will be premature contact of Posterior teeth during movement... coz there will be no canine guidance to prevent that!

Please lemme know if im thinking the wrong way!

have another doubt regarding this ,we know that in canine guidance there are contact between teeth on working side or also called posterior guidance and on non working side there is no contact .
so that means without canine guidance there would be contact of post teeth on non workin side n wat's gona happen on workin side.
plz clear up the confusion if someone is sure .
or what i wrote is wrong ??

 

[bratdoc]

Basically if canine guidance is lost then the posterior teeth will contact in excursions which is not supposed to happen.... maybe i am not able to explain myself that well here so Here is what i found....
maybe this will help


Starting at centric Occlusion and keeping the teeth in contact as much as possible, we slide the lower jaw to one side.

In an ideal Occlusion, when the lower jaw is shifted to one side, the posterior teeth should not touch.

What happens is that the lower canine is riding up on the upper canine. This is called Canine Guidance or canine protected Occlusion.

Canine protected Occlusion is an important concept, especially for people who have excessive wear on their teeth, erosion of their roots, gum recession, and suffer from TMJ (temporomandibular dysfunction).

There is a biofeedback mechanism that comes into play. When the canines touch, nerves send a message back to the brain which in turn sends a message to those large muscles that close the jaw. That message says, "Hey - ease up on the force", and the muscles relax.

When you take away that canine protection, the muscles stay active. That's when you can get clenching, grinding of the teeth, joint pain, fracturing of teeth, excessive wear of the enamel on top of the tooth, erosion of the root surface (abfractions), and gum recession

 

[pb2007]

hi bratdoc ,sorry for bothering you again but my doubt still remains.
in deck no 74 mentions that on working side there is group function that means all post teeth r contacting while non workin teeth should be completly out of touch so my ques is how will a missing canine affect these contacts in posterior teeth .
do we hav contact of posterior teeth on non working side in case of missing canine guidance n wat would happen to contact on post side on workin side.hope i'm not confusing u .

 

[teethie]

to all my sdnfriends, i am putting a concept here and hope this solves confusion.
first of all be clear what a canine protected oclusion is.
whenever there is canine guidance, that is vertical overlap of canines then there will be no posterior teeth contact on either working and non working side. if there are any contacts on either side,then it is an interference. so if a canine is missing on working side, there will be no overlap of canines on working side, and no disocclusion of posterior teeth on working as well as non working side will happen. this will cause wearing of post. teeth and then we say that it is not a canine protected occlusion.

in group function, we are only saying that teeth contact on working side now it does not matter which teeth are missing on that side because it leads to occlusal contact only on working side not on non working side.

correct if wrong or any confusion is there, let me know.

 

[pb2007]

thanku so much teethie for clearing it up ,i always thought group function to be a part of canine guidance .

 

[bratdoc]

to all my sdnfriends, i am putting a concept here and hope this solves confusion.
first of all be clear what a canine protected oclusion is.
whenever there is canine guidance, that is vertical overlap of canines then there will be no posterior teeth contact on either working and non working side. if there are any contacts on either side,then it is an interference. so if a canine is missing on working side, there will be no overlap of canines on working side, and no disocclusion of posterior teeth on working as well as non working side will happen. this will cause wearing of post. teeth and then we say that it is not a canine protected occlusion.

in group function, we are only saying that teeth contact on working side now it does not matter which teeth are missing on that side because it leads to occlusal contact only on working side not on non working side.

correct if wrong or any confusion is there, let me know.

Yes that is correct... as i said maybe i wasnt able to explain properly

u can also check out
http://www.doctorspiller.com/occlusion.htm

almost midway thru the page is the topic "Group function versus canine guidance"

 

[teethie]

yes bratdoc, you were saying absolutely right in your posts.👍

 

[teethie]

hi ibeflossin, asnwer for phagocytosis is that it is caused by IgG Fc portion and C3b in classic pathway.
c5b forms Membrane attack complex.

?

 

[bratdoc]

Hey guys plz chk post #1519

 

[bratdoc]

hi ibeflossin, asnwer for phagocytosis is that it is caused by IgG Fc portion and C3b in classic pathway.
c5b forms Membrane attack complex.

👍

 

[bratdoc]

Does everyone feel that the written at the back of Anatomic Sciences 09-10 deck#38 is all messed up or is it just me?? Information about Aortic receptors and Carotid receptors are all mixed together and attributed only to Carotid receptors... Man if this card turns out to be right i have a lot to do!!

 

[teethie]

yes bratdoc, you are right, inforamtion is little confusing there. i did not notice it before. so concept is:

changes in blood pressure: carotid sinus and aortic sinus
caortid sinus____ CN IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
Aortic sinus--------CNX Vagus
these are called baroreceptors.

changes in oxygen tension: carotid body and aortic body
caortid body____ CN IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
Aortic body--------CNX Vagus
these are called chemoreceptors.
pl correct if wrong.

 

[teethie]

hi , read this, answer is still alcohol.

Enveloped viruses are referred to as lipophilic viruses, because of their lipid envelope, while nonenveloped viruses are referred to as non-lipophilic viruses. Generally, enveloped (lipophilic) viruses are susceptible to alcohol.

However, certain nonenveloped (nonlipophilic) viruses such as hepatitis A and enteroviruses, which are both responsible for viral gastrointestinal infections. Depending on the alcohol concentration of the hand-cleanser and time of exposure to the alcohol, hepatitis A and other nonlipophilic viruses may not be eliminated.

​

Alcohol kills microorganisms by denaturing proteins and the most effective alcohol preparations have contain 60-95% alcohol. Higher concentrations are less effective because proteins are not denatured easily in the absence of water. Most commercial hand-cleansers contain between 65-70% alcohol. Nonenveloped viruses require slightly higher alcohol concentrations for reliable inactivation than are found in many commercial hand-cleansers (70-80%).
​

http://microbiology.suite101.com/article.cfm/alcohol_based_hand_cleansers

""What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?--isopropyl alcohol""

Quoting from deck #286 : "Even some viruses (Lipophilic viruses only) are INACTIVATED by alcohol"

So what i understand of this is:
1. that Nonlipophilic viruses are not affected
2. Lipophilic viruses are merely "inactivated"(static) as opposed to killing(cidal)

Guys help me out here??!!!

 

[elmos]

in N series , in molar roots usually join pulp chamber
ans within the cervical thirdof crown
in 1989 the answer is apical to the cervical level of the crown
so which one is correct

and if we have posterior occlusion and we are gliding ? what increase or decrease vertical overlap horizontal overlap if teethie u can clarify this concept pls as u did canine guidance
thks in advance.

 

[teethie]

i am looking into this question,will post if i find the concept.

and if we have posterior occlusion and we are gliding ? what increase or decrease vertical overlap horizontal overlap if teethie u can clarify this concept pls as u did canine guidance
thks in advance.

 

[bratdoc]

hey Teethie thanx for the clarification!👍

Elmos the gliding motion is the second part of jaw opening after hinge movement and the vertical overlap(overjet) will obviously not be there (hence decrease) and the horizontal overlap(overbite) will also decrease due to the forward movement of the jaw.... and also since in ur previous post u phrased the question as vertical dimension then the vertical dimension will increase!... before i can explain further please lemme know what exactly are u talking about vertical overlap or vertical dimension because they are two different things!!

 

[elmos]

thks bratdoc, but my question is if we have posterior occlusion and we are gliding our mouth, do we increase overlap i'm not talking about the vertical dimension?

 

[teethie]

gliding movements can be:
an opening of mouth that is what hapening in upper compartment of TMJ. then there is no overjet and overbite at all.

if there is protrusive movement then overjet and overbite decrease.

pl correct me if i am wrong....

 

[bratdoc]

thks bratdoc, but my question is if we have posterior occlusion and we are gliding our mouth, do we increase overlap i'm not talking about the vertical dimension?

Gliding movement is the second phase of mandibular opening and by that time there is no vertical overlap(Overbite) left. Hence both the Overjet and overbote decrease!

 

[elmos]

thanks a lot for both of you, and what about the root canal and pulp chamber which answer do i go with?

 

[NKDmed]

hi i have a question,
Are all intervertebral joints synovial joints?

I read that c1 and c2 are synovial joints with no articular disc, diarthrotic and fully movable. But i am confused about the other intervertbral discs..

please let me know if you find out the answer..thank u

 

[aiming 4 dds]

Hi i m not getting this question can somebody explain what dey want to ask:

Which of the following are mobilized when a cell produces an excessive amount of protein?
1. Lysosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Lipofuscin granules
4. Rough endoplasmic reticula
5. All of the above

 

[asheer]

four days fr my exam n tensed like hell !!!! did the paper M n hav a few doubts 🙁

qstn :136 each f em the grooves origin in the central pit of maxillary 2 molar expt one : a) buccal

b) central ,c)distolingual===ans😕😕😕 but it does arise frm the central pit and end in a ling pit rigt,d)transverse grooves of oblique ridge

qstn:138 ling embrassure is smaller dan the facial embrassure of

a)mand first molar and second molar
b)mand first premolar and the second premolar==ans😕😕 but the 1st PM is very narrow lingually so the ling emmbrassre shud be large right !!!!!


and hav a doubt wid qstn no 124 tooo can anyone plsss clear em fr me🙁

 

[teethie]

regarding ques124, it is more like physics thing and i dont want to confuse you at this stage by writing in my words, so please check in okeson chapter 4 second page, it answers your query and explains which movement occurs around which axis and why.

reg ques 138, i would say since mand 1 st premolar s tilted lingually thats why its lingual embrassure is smaller than buccal embrassure. of course it is narrower too but that does not make an embrassure.
if i say in layman language, since tooth is tilted i can not see the wider embrassure on lingual side due to tilting. i dont know how better i can explain. i hope this still helps you.

reg ques 136, i think there is no distolingual groove present on max. 2nd molar.

http://www.google.ca/#hl=en&rlz=1R2...=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&fp=4e15b36118653133

four days fr my exam n tensed like hell !!!! did the paper M n hav a few doubts 🙁

qstn :136 each f em the grooves origin in the central pit of maxillary 2 molar expt one : a) buccal

b) central ,c)distolingual===ans😕😕😕 but it does arise frm the central pit and end in a ling pit rigt,d)transverse grooves of oblique ridge

qstn:138 ling embrassure is smaller dan the facial embrassure of

a)mand first molar and second molar
b)mand first premolar and the second premolar==ans😕😕 but the 1st PM is very narrow lingually so the ling emmbrassre shud be large right !!!!!


and hav a doubt wid qstn no 124 tooo can anyone plsss clear em fr me🙁

 

[teethie]

elmos, both are asda keys, can not say which is wrong but just for confirmation, check in endodontic book. or each of us go with our gut feeling as i always say in these kind of answers.

thanks a lot for both of you, and what about the root canal and pulp chamber which answer do i go with?

 

[part1]

hi everyone , i wud really appreciate if anyone can help me figure out this question ,its from asda IH

on mandibluar first molar,the DF grrove serves as an escapway for the ML cusp of maxillary 1st molar during which mandibular movement ?

choices
protrusive
centric slide
working laterotrusion
non working mediotrusion or balancing

ans is working latertrusion

can anyone explain to me how ?😕

 

[elmos]

asheer calm down and i wish you the best, you studied hard , what i know the distolingual comes from distal pit and sometimes in 2nd maxillary molar the distal cusp is missing.
correct me if i'm wrong

 

[bratdoc]

@AHSEER
All the best!!

 

[asheer]

thanks alot guys for ur wishes !!!!!🙂🙂 i knw i was so foolish to think abt the distolingual cusp arising frm the central pit thanks alot teethi ,elmos and bratdoc i get it nw but the qstn no 124 is still a mystery fr me the condyle i thought rotates around the transverse axis during a rotation or hinge movement on a working side condyle can any one pls help me wid this !!!!!!!!! 🙁 am never good at this the condylar movements

 

[asheer]

thanks buddy got it i just checked the okeson 4th chapter !!!!!🙂 its so clearly given thank u so much👍