Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

👍thanks pb2007 for the reference

thanks bratdoc,that word ph 1 was bothering me ,anyways i will apply your formula
i remember bratdoc had put up this ques frm 2004 released ques no 363 which i think we didnt find a reasonable explanation ,so was reading usmle notes so came across this

in primary hyperthyroidism increased urinary calcium occurs coz when plasma calcium increases beyond the concentration the kidneys can reabsorb .

 

[anniemirza]

Bratdoc and all others who are about to finish off ur exm(teethie,pb2007,svetlana,cindrella,wdent)....please dont go away from this forum guys....we amateurs need u guyz here🙂🙂

 

[teethie]

ok i m going with this explanation, thank u bratdoc👍.

Im kinda weak in chemistry but all i know is this...
at their respective Isoelectric pH
Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid--- negatively charged
Lysine, Histidine and Arginine ---- positively charged
Rest are neutral
There is some concept of whether the pH is greater or lower than the pKa of the amino acid, the carboxyl and amino group will be deprotonated or protonated and accordingly have a negative or positive charge.....

BUT SINCE pKa IS NOT GIVEN I do the same method that others also mentioned on this thread... go with the charge of glutamic acid... and if a question shows many AAs then add all of their charges... Dont really know why the pH is there when the pKa is not given .... but whatever questions i have come across were answered correctly by using this method so i never bothered about the pH detail!!!
But if of course anyone comes across a question in which a correct answer is not derived by this method then we may have to look into it!!!

 

[pb2007]

pb2007, all i know is there are 2 carboxylic gps and one amino gp so charge will be -1

Does anyone know abt this question?? I am unable to solve it .😕😕

teethie can you explain how u picked -1 as answer ,sorry for keep bringing this ques bak ,all i kno is that acidic amino acids carry -ve charge n basic ones carry positive .

 

[teethie]

Dont worry annie , i will be here around some forums or another sdners like us would log on this forum, there is no end to learning, this will keep on going ......

Bratdoc and all others who are about to finish off ur exm(teethie,pb2007,svetlana,cindrella,wdent)....please dont go away from this forum guys....we amateurs need u guyz here🙂🙂

 

[teethie]

in glutamic acid, there are two carboxylic gps, one amino gp, hence net charge will be -2+1= -1

anything wrong?

teethie can you explain how u picked -1 as answer ,sorry for keep bringing this ques bak ,all i kno is that acidic amino acids carry -ve charge n basic ones carry positive .

 

[bratdoc]

Bratdoc and all others who are about to finish off ur exm(teethie,pb2007,svetlana,cindrella,wdent)....please dont go away from this forum guys....we amateurs need u guyz here🙂🙂

Dont worry i will also hang bout a bit!!! You will do well! 👍

 

[bratdoc]

in glutamic acid, there are two carboxylic gps, one amino gp, hence net charge will be -2+1= -1

anything wrong?

Agree!👍
Pb2007 This is how the charges are attributed to an amino acid... +ve or -ve depends on the amino groups and carboxylic groups...

 

[teethie]

i do not know but no one has disagreed so i am putting my point here.
Is not immature will have less collagen and mature chondrocyte has more collagen.
is there anything i am getting wrong??

Am i right?
CHONDROCYTES
immature-acidophillic-pink staining(collagen more than GAGs)

mature-basophillic-blue staining(GAGs more than collagen)

What's the relationship between maturity and collagen/GAG conc.?

 

[bratdoc]

i do not know but no one has disagreed so i am putting my point here.
Is not immature will have less collagen and mature chondrocyte has more collagen.
is there anything i am getting wrong??

http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/histomanual/cartilage.html
acc to this page the acidophilic property is due to collagen in immature but in mature there is basophilic due to the anionic property of proteoglycans... maybe the comparative increase of these is greater than collagen leading to relative basophilia.. and also it states that in mature the collagen maybe hard to see
Best would be to refer a proper histology text!

 

[teethie]

thanku bratdoc for explanation, I might have to read this again from somewhere.
I wish I could have one histology book which I dont. never mind, i will read again.

http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/histomanual/cartilage.html
acc to this page the acidophilic property is due to collagen in immature but in mature there is basophilic due to the anionic property of proteoglycans... maybe the comparative increase of these is greater than collagen leading to relative basophilia.. and also it states that in mature the collagen maybe hard to see
Best would be to refer a proper histology text!

 

[pb2007]

Dont worry annie , i will be here around some forums or another sdners like us would log on this forum, there is no end to learning, this will keep on going ......

well said teethie...

 

[pb2007]

in glutamic acid, there are two carboxylic gps, one amino gp, hence net charge will be -2+1= -1

anything wrong?

thanku bratdoc and teethie for clarifying this doubt .i never though in terms of indiviual groups ,ok got it now.
👍

 

[elmos]

thanku bratdoc and teethie for clarifying this doubt .i never though in terms of indiviual groups ,ok got it now.
👍

excuse pb this question is from which year?
cause i think that at physiologic ph the glutamic acid is -1 not at ph=1

 

[pb2007]

excuse pb this question is from which year?
cause i think that at physiologic ph the glutamic acid is -1 not at ph=1

this frm 99 unreleased biochem,ques no 163,the print is really bad so may be i mis read
another ph ques
a urine sample with aph of 5.7has a hydrogen ion conc of approx
2multiply 10power -3
2 multiply 10power ....can't read
1 multiply 10 power .....
how to tackle such ques,i'm blank in ph concept ,plz help me.......
transmission of sound from tympanic membrane to cochleaaccompalished by which
nerve fibres
auditory ossicles.....is this the answer ??
wave charecteristic of sound
passage through fluid filled compartment
penetration of sound wave through thin memb

a 0.2 mole/litre NaCl sol and 0.2 m/litre glucose sol are seperated by a memb that is immpermeable to these solutes but is permeable to water.which staement is correct
1 there is no net movement of water to either sol
2water will go from glucose to saline solution
3water will go from saline to glucose sol
4 concentration of glucose will decrease
5concentration of nacl will increase .

i have completly forgotten the concept behing this ques ,can someone plz explain .all i kno is that nacl will dissociate n glucose wont ??//

if plasma oncotic pressure decreases then water will move into capillaries frm interstitial fluid.....am i rite ??

which represents sensory organ concerned with maintanence of skeletal muscle tonus
sarcomeres
muscle spindle.......??
gamma effernts
pacinian corpuscles
glogi tendon organs

reduced renal blood flow can cause hypertension by which of following
renin
reflex vasocontriction........?
retention of pottasium
increased output of epinephrine
i'm confused between 1st n 2nd choice

voluntary overventilation of lungs results in which of following
decreased H ion conc in blood.......answer
increased H ion conc in blood
marked increase in pulmonary uptake of oxygen ......will there be any effect ??
increased oxygen carrying capacity of venous blood
decreased oxygen conc in arterial blood

which of following occurs wen venous blood reaches lungs
movement of CL ions frm rbc to plasma
'' of HCO3 frm rbc to plasma
" of H IONS FRM HEMOGLOBIN TO PLASMA
" of HCO3 from plasma to rbc............answer{we have discussed it before ,jst wana confirm }

a mouth rinse contains 0.05% f.which of following represents conc expressed in ppm f
5
50
500
5000
have no clue to this one

 

[wdent]

Today i solved this quest. its in ASDA paper I-J number 182 ,it has the SIMILAR concept where PH=7
2 COO- and a peptide containing 1 amino grp
-2+1 = -1 🙂

 

[Cindrella]

Bratdoc and all others who are about to finish off ur exm(teethie,pb2007,svetlana,cindrella,wdent)....please dont go away from this forum guys....we amateurs need u guyz here🙂🙂

don't worry i'm sure we'd be in the phase of learning even after the exam ... 👍

 

[Svetlana]

Guys do you remember all the forearm muscles?
i mean do we have to know them?

 

[teethie]

pb2007, see below:

this frm 99 unreleased biochem,ques no 163,the print is really bad so may be i mis read
another ph ques
a urine sample with a ph of 5.7 has a hydrogen ion conc of approx
2multiply 10power -3
2 multiply 10power ....can't read
1 multiply 10 power .....
how to tackle such ques,i'm blank in ph concept ,plz help me.......

remember this formula
pH = -log (hydrogen ion concentration) = -log [H+]
coming to option 1: in this case u have to solve with answers given to find out ph.
ph= -log(2x10-3)
ph= -(log2-3log10)
ph= -(0.3-3)
ph=2.7 -----given ph =5.7 so this is not the answer

second option: i guess 2x10-6
ph= -log(2x10-6)
ph= -(log2-6log10)
ph=-(o.3-6)
ph=-5.7----this is the answer matching with your question 5.7


transmission of sound from tympanic membrane to cochleaaccompalished by which
nerve fibres
auditory ossicles.....is this the answer ?? -------agree.👍
wave charecteristic of sound
passage through fluid filled compartment
penetration of sound wave through thin memb

a 0.2 mole/litre NaCl sol and 0.2 m/litre glucose sol are seperated by a memb that is immpermeable to these solutes but is permeable to water.which staement is correct
1 there is no net movement of water to either sol
2water will go from glucose to saline solution
3water will go from saline to glucose sol
4 concentration of glucose will decrease
5concentration of nacl will increase .

i have completly forgotten the concept behing this ques ,can someone plz explain .all i kno is that nacl will dissociate n glucose wont ??//

if plasma oncotic pressure decreases then water will move into capillaries frm interstitial fluid.....am i rite

which represents sensory organ concerned with maintanence of skeletal muscle tonus
sarcomeres
muscle spindle.......------------agree👍
gamma effernts
pacinian corpuscles
glogi tendon organs

 

[elmos]

this frm 99 unreleased biochem,ques no 163,the print is really bad so may be i mis read
another ph ques
a urine sample with aph of 5.7has a hydrogen ion conc of approx
2multiply 10power -3
2 multiply 10power ....can't read
1 multiply 10 power .....
how to tackle such ques,i'm blank in ph concept ,plz help me.......
transmission of sound from tympanic membrane to cochleaaccompalished by which
nerve fibres
auditory ossicles.....is this the answer ?? 👍
wave charecteristic of sound
passage through fluid filled compartment
penetration of sound wave through thin memb

a 0.2 mole/litre NaCl sol and 0.2 m/litre glucose sol are seperated by a memb that is immpermeable to these solutes but is permeable to water.which staement is correct
1 there is no net movement of water to either sol
2water will go from glucose to saline solution 👍
3water will go from saline to glucose sol
4 concentration of glucose will decrease
5concentration of nacl will increase .

i have completly forgotten the concept behing this ques ,can someone plz explain .all i kno is that nacl will dissociate n glucose wont ??//

if plasma oncotic pressure decreases then water will move into capillaries frm interstitial fluid.....am i rite ?? u are right

which represents sensory organ concerned with maintanence of skeletal muscle tonus
sarcomeres
muscle spindle.......👍
gamma effernts
pacinian corpuscles
glogi tendon organs

reduced renal blood flow can cause hypertension by which of following
renin
reflex vasocontriction........?
retention of pottasium
increased output of epinephrine
i'm confused between 1st n 2nd choice
for me i choose renin

voluntary overventilation of lungs results in which of following
decreased H ion conc in blood.......answer
increased H ion conc in blood
marked increase in pulmonary uptake of oxygen ......will there be any effect ??
increased oxygen carrying capacity of venous blood
decreased oxygen conc in arterial blood

which of following occurs wen venous blood reaches lungs
movement of CL ions frm rbc to plasma
'' of HCO3 frm rbc to plasma
" of H IONS FRM HEMOGLOBIN TO PLASMA
" of HCO3 from plasma to rbc............answer{we have discussed it before ,jst wana confirm }

pls correct me if i'm wrong

 

[pb2007]

thank s teethie and elmos
i knew teethie you can put that ph ques into my head👍👍
teethie how many logs do we need to learn like log of 2 is 0.3 etc,do we need to mug these up
guys i'v added few more to the list plz have a look at them too
elmos can u explain why u picked 3rd choice for glucose ques.can u explain me

 

[teethie]

oh pb2007, all credit goes to my hubby. i also had no idea of these log things. u dont have to mug these.
u know log10=1
anything below log of 10 will be less than 1 so start decreasing the value from 1
in exam we dont have calculator but if u chose any option less than 1, u will still get the answer,because key lies in the later half of the question i.e. 10 raise to the power minus 5 etc.

thank s teethie and elmos
i knew teethie you can put that ph ques into my head👍👍
teethie how many logs do we need to learn like log of 2 is 0.3 etc,do we need to mug these up
guys i'v added few more to the list plz have a look at them too
elmos can u explain why u picked 3rd choice for glucose ques.can u explain me

 

[teethie]

--

reduced renal blood flow can cause hypertension by which of following
renin------------------decreased renin cause hypertension
reflex vasocontriction........?
retention of pottasium
increased output of epinephrine
i'm confused between 1st n 2nd choice

voluntary overventilation of lungs results in which of following
decreased H ion conc in blood.......answer-----------agree👍
increased H ion conc in blood
marked increase in pulmonary uptake of oxygen ......will there be any effect ??
increased oxygen carrying capacity of venous blood
decreased oxygen conc in arterial blood

which of following occurs wen venous blood reaches lungs
movement of CL ions frm rbc to plasma
'' of HCO3 frm rbc to plasma
" of H IONS FRM HEMOGLOBIN TO PLASMA
" of HCO3 from plasma to rbc............answer{we have discussed it before ,jst wana confirm }-------------yes

a mouth rinse contains 0.05% f.which of following represents conc expressed in ppm f
5
50
500----------answer
0.05/100 since percentage is given
per million=0.05/100*1000000
=500----------lots of math today😉
5000
have no clue to this one

 

[anniemirza]

Guys....about TMJ,do v hv 2 read all the chaps 4m okeson???or any other source?

 

[teethie]

without any second thoughts, read it. it is an awesome book👍

Guys....about TMJ,do v hv 2 read all the chaps 4m okeson???or any other source?

 

[anniemirza]

without any second thoughts, read it. it is an awesome book👍

All the chapters teethie....???

 

[teethie]

oh annie what do u mean by all? there are 6 chaptes only right.
dont make excuses, u have a lot of time to read. so read it.😛

All the chapters teethie....???

 

[anniemirza]

oh annie what do u mean by all? there are 6 chaptes only right.
dont make excuses, u have a lot of time to read. so read it.😛

I dnt know there are only 6chaps....😛😛will do it.Thanx

 

[teethie]

--

 

[elmos]

thank s teethie and elmos
i knew teethie you can put that ph ques into my head👍👍
teethie how many logs do we need to learn like log of 2 is 0.3 etc,do we need to mug these up
guys i'v added few more to the list plz have a look at them too
elmos can u explain why u picked 3rd choice for glucose ques.can u explain me

what i know that saline contains 2 mole it's na and cl but glucose is 1 mole, so u have more osmolarity in the saline, so the water will move from glucose to nacl,
correct me if i'm wrong.

 

[Svetlana]

what i know that saline contains 2 mole it's na and cl but glucose is 1 mole, so u have more osmolarity in the saline, so the water will move from glucose to nacl,
correct me if i'm wrong.

You are right!

 

[Cindrella]

can someone please put up the morphologic combinations of anemia ? are all hemolytic anemias microcytic and hypochromic or only Thalassemia is micro and hypo ??

Is iron def ... microcytic and normochromic ??

 

[Cindrella]

what i know that saline contains 2 mole it's na and cl but glucose is 1 mole, so u have more osmolarity in the saline, so the water will move from glucose to nacl,
correct me if i'm wrong.

👍 agree

 

[teethie]

---

can someone please put up the morphologic combinations of anemia ?
are all hemolytic anemias microcytic and hypochromic or only Thalassemia is micro and hypo ??
iron deficiency,thalassemia is microcytic hypochromic.

aplastic anemia,drug induced is normocytic normochromic

Is iron def ... microcytic and normochromic ??------

 

[Cindrella]

@ teethie .. thanks

In atherosclerosis ,atherosclerotic plaque is deposited between which layes of the vessel wall ?

 

[Svetlana]

@ teethie .. thanks

In atherosclerosis ,atherosclerotic plaque is deposited between which layes of the vessel wall ?

I think it's under the intima

 

[pb2007]

what i know that saline contains 2 mole it's na and cl but glucose is 1 mole, so u have more osmolarity in the saline, so the water will move from glucose to nacl,
correct me if i'm wrong.

thanks elmos .

do we need to learn the range wen we memorize the calcification status of primary dentition
page no 25 of wheelers mentions both in form of range n number ...iefor primary max incisor 14{13 to 16 ]

 

[teethie]

range will be better to solve questions of all form. or just have an idea that range will be somewhere around the number in case u cant memorise the range.

thanks elmos .

do we need to learn the range wen we memorize the calcification status of primary dentition
page no 25 of wheelers mentions both in form of range n number ...iefor primary max incisor 14{13 to 16 ]

 

[pb2007]

range will be better to solve questions of all form. or just have an idea that range will be somewhere around the number in case u cant memorise the range.

thanks teethie ,so its better i learn the range ....

 

[pb2007]

facial heigh of contour for all teeth are in cervical third .
lingual " " " for anterior are in cervical third and posterior in middle third except mandibular 2nd premolar which has it in occlusal third.

am i missing something or this is correct ?

 

[teethie]

--

facial heigh of contour for all teeth are in cervical third .---------------------yes👍

lingual " " " for anterior are in cervical third ---------yes👍

and posterior in middle third except mandibular 2nd premolar which has it in occlusal third------------------no, all mandibular posteriors have lingual ht. of contour at middle one third except
mand 1st premolar( it has at junc of cervical and middle third)and this feature of mand. 1st premolar is seen in all max posteriors at lingual ht. of contours.




am i missing something or this is correct ?

 

[pb2007]

--

thanks for this valuable info teethie ,i jst knew one exception for posterior
so we have 3 exceptions in posterior teeth
mand 1st premolar
mandibular 2nd premolar
max posterior

 

[Svetlana]

Teethy, are you sure about lingual of max.post?
coz acc. to kaplan its also in the middle 1/3.

Agree,the only exc.mand.1st PM-junction

 

[teethie]

no mand 2 premolar is not exception.
ref: kaplan

thanks for this valuable info teethie ,i jst knew one exception for posterior
so we have 3 exceptions in posterior teeth
mand 1st premolar
mandibular 2nd premolar
max posterior

 

[teethie]

svetlana, my ref is also from kaplan, all max posteriors have lingual ht. of contour at junction not middle third.

Teethy, are you sure about lingual of max.post?
coz acc. to kaplan its also in the middle 1/3.

Agree,the only exc.mand.1st PM-junction

 

[pb2007]

Teethy, are you sure about lingual of max.post?
coz acc. to kaplan its also in the middle 1/3.

Agree,the only exc.mand.1st PM-junction

sorry for this confusion svetlana ,i didnt see no written by teethie there.

 

[Svetlana]

svetlana, my ref is also from kaplan, all max posteriors have lingual ht. of contour at junction not middle third.

Nice!!!
Right now i'm looking at this page.
Edition 2008 p.786
IT says middle

 

[Svetlana]

Guys did you hear smth like
"maxilla and mandible are derived from neural crest"

I know it's from 1st arch,but have found it in my notes...😕

 

[teethie]

no clue why information is different, my edition is older than yours. but still anatomy does not change every year😕

Nice!!!
Right now i'm looking at this page.
Edition 2008 p.786
IT says middle

 

[teethie]

no, did not read anywhere.


one question: Is hb level used to confirm bacterial infection in addition to wbc count?

Guys did you hear smth like
"maxilla and mandible are derived from neural crest"

I know it's from 1st arch,but have found it in my notes...😕