Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[Svetlana]

no, did not read anywhere.


one question: Is hb level used to confirm bacterial infection in addition to wbc count?

Never heard

 

[Svetlana]

no clue why information is different, my edition is older than yours. but still anatomy does not change every year😕

Can smb clarify our doubt???

 

[anniemirza]

no, did not read anywhere.


one question: Is hb level used to confirm bacterial infection in addition to wbc count?

Yes ....Hb levels in the known to come down gradually if there is any bacterial infection.This is because some bacteria use-up the Iron present in the Hb molecule.

 

[teethie]

thanks a lot annie, can u tell me where i can read abt it, which book or link?

Yes ....Hb levels in the known to come down gradually if there is any bacterial infection.This is because some bacteria use-up the Iron present in the Hb molecule.

 

[anniemirza]

thanks a lot annie, can u tell me where i can read abt it, which book or link?

dint find many details abt this thing....got it in iron metabolism topic.

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

Q.86---about the frontal bone
Q.120---Sternomastoid is lateral to carotid sheath(2 options are correct)

hey annie..

which book are these quetions from? first aid Q n A?

 

[anniemirza]

hey annie..

which book are these quetions from? first aid Q n A?

AVNU...😛

 

[teethie]

answer please:

what is the characteristic of concussion in brain injury??

most common cause of gangrenous stomatitis ??

if mand canine is bifurcated, where is second root present?

 

[teethie]

annie, which book is AVNU😕😕

AVNU...😛

 

[anniemirza]

annie, which book is AVNU😕😕

Hehe....na na dats a word for "yes"...not a buk.😛

 

[anniemirza]

answer please:

what is the characteristic of concussion in brain injury??-------------Mild injury to the brain,without any structural damage to brain with temp loss of brain function and consciousness.
check this link-http://www.medicinenet.com/brain_concussion/article.htm

most common cause of gangrenous stomatitis ??-----------decreased immunity...seen in starvation,malnutrition etc

if mand canine is bifurcated, where is second root present?---buccal and lingual [/QUOTE]

 

[pb2007]

answer please:

what is the characteristic of concussion in brain injury??-------------Mild injury to the brain,without any structural damage to brain with temp loss of brain function and consciousness.
check this link-http://www.medicinenet.com/brain_concussion/article.htm

most common cause of gangrenous stomatitis ??-----------decreased immunity...seen in starvation,malnutrition etc

if mand canine is bifurcated, where is second root present?---buccal and lingual [/QUOTE]

for 2nd ques ,jst wanted to add this wiki source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noma_(disease)

where is MAC molecule found
nuclear memb
cell memb.........answer{am i rite???}
blood protein

 

[teethie]

thank u annie and pb2007. 🙂

few more;

which is the molar with longest furcation of root??

resemblance of lateral incisor with which tooth?

what is the substrate in hydroxylation reaction ??

histology of small cell lymhoma? is there anything like small cel lymphoma?????????

 

[teethie]

----

for 2nd ques ,jst wanted to add this wiki source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noma_(disease)

where is MAC molecule found
nuclear memb
cell memb.........answer{am i rite???}----------------yes
blood protein

 

[pb2007]

thank u annie and pb2007. 🙂

few more;

which is the molar with longest furcation of root??

resemblance of lateral incisor with which tooth?

what is the substrate in hydroxylation reaction ??

histology of small cell lymhoma? is there anything like small cel lymphoma?????????

for 1st ques all i kno is that max premolar root bifurcates close to apical area ,
i think its mandibular molar but didnt find anything in whelers to support my answer so not sure

for hydroxylation its vitamin c ,checked frm kaplan vitamin chap

http://www.lymphomainfo.net/nhl/types/sll.html.......type of non hodkins lymphoma

 

[anniemirza]

thank u annie and pb2007. 🙂

few more;

which is the molar with longest furcation of root?? 😕😕
resemblance of lateral incisor with which tooth? usually wid centrals

what is the substrate in hydroxylation reaction ??(no chemistry)

histology of small cell lymhoma? is there anything like small cel lymphoma?????????

also called as chronic lymphocytic lymphoma
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pn4SRGADMxw

 

[Cindrella]

If all vaccines gv artificially acquired active immunity , it includes the MMR vaccine as well right for mumps , measles, rubella.... ?!

When Decks ( card # 199 ) mentions exposure to mumps virus as natural active , does it mean exposure without the MMR vaccine ??

i'm confused 🙁

 

[anniemirza]

If all vaccines gv artificially acquired active immunity , it includes the MMR vaccine as well right for mumps , measles, rubella.... ?!

When Decks ( card # 199 ) mentions exposure to mumps virus as natural active , does it mean exposure without the MMR vaccine ??

i'm confused 🙁

I guess u r right...once exposed to mumps ...it will give active immunity for life...even without the MMR.

 

[Cindrella]

thanks annie

So , toxoid vaccines will also give artificial acquired active immunity ... am i right ?!

and Human HBIG is the only one providing artificial acquired passive .... is there anyt other example that provides artificial acquired passive ??

 

[pb2007]

If all vaccines gv artificially acquired active immunity , it includes the MMR vaccine as well right for mumps , measles, rubella.... ?!

When Decks ( card # 199 ) mentions exposure to mumps virus as natural active , does it mean exposure without the MMR vaccine ??

i'm confused 🙁

u r rite cindrella ,exposure to mumps virus without vaccine is natural active
natural passive.....from mom to person
natural active......antibody produced naturally after exposure to antigen
artificial passive....wen patient goes eats out n aquires hepatits or anything n then get hepatitis shot so premade antibodies sent into body .

artificial active......like MMR vaccine we send antigen inside body n body will do its homework .

hope this will help u remember ,i had big trouble memorizing but this worked for me .👍


feel free to correct

 

[teethie]

pb2007 and annie again thank u.👍
pb2007, your doubt actually answered my question, thanks a lot. i forgot abt it.
it will be max 1 st premolar. because furcation is closer to apical third hence longer furcation.

pb2007 and annie awesome explanation for immunity question👍


so lateral incisor resembles max central incisor???

 

[Cindrella]

u r rite cindrella ,exposure to mumps virus without vaccine is natural active
natural passive.....from mom to person
natural active......antibody produced naturally after exposure to antigen
artificial passive....wen patient goes eats out n aquires hepatits or anything n then get hepatitis shot so premade antibodies sent into body .

artificial active......like MMR vaccine we send antigen inside body n body will do its homework .

hope this will help u remember ,i had big trouble memorizing but this worked for me .👍


feel free to correct

thanks pb2007 👍 that was great .. if u could please correct my toxoid confusion.. Toxoids usually require booster dose ... so artificial active ??

 

[pb2007]

pb2007 and annie again thank u.👍
pb2007, your doubt actually answered my question, thanks a lot. i forgot abt it.
it will be max 1 st premolar. because furcation is closer to apical third hence longer furcation.

pb2007 and annie awesome explanation for immunity question👍


so lateral incisor resembles max central incisor???

sorry teethie i didnt get u
if furcation is closer to apical third then that means very close to root apices so how cum long ,shouldnt longer one be close to cervical line

plz clear my doubt ...

 

[teethie]

@anniemirza: i think u got confused between leukemia and lymphoma. they are two seperate entities. my question was on lymhoma not leukemia.


few days ago , there was discussion on types of marrow. here is the explanation:

There are two types of bone marrow:
1. Red marrow, made up mainly of myeloid tissue.
2. Yellow marrow, made up mostly of fat cells.

Red marrow can be found in the flat bones, such as the breast bone, skull, vertebrae, shoulder blades, hip bone and ribs. Red marrow can also be found at the ends of long bones, such as the humerus and femur.
White blood cells (lymphocytes), red blood cells and platelets are produced in the red marrow.

Yellow marrow can be found in the inside of the middle section of long bones.

If a person loses a lot of blood the body can convert yellow marrow to red marrow in order to raise blood cell production.

 

[anniemirza]

sorry teethie i didnt get u
if furcation is closer to apical third then that means very close to root apices so how cum long ,shouldnt longer one be close to cervical line

plz clear my doubt ...

pheww thanxxxxx for askin......i was banging ma head with that thing in ma mind....if closer to apical...then how can it be the longest!???

 

[pb2007]

thanks pb2007 👍 that was great .. if u could please correct my toxoid confusion.. Toxoids usually require booster dose ... so artificial passive ??

cindrella can u plz tel deck no ,coz should'nt toxoid confer artificial active as its weaked toxin

 

[anniemirza]

thanks pb2007 👍 that was great .. if u could please correct my toxoid confusion.. Toxoids usually require booster dose ... so artificial passive ??

TOXOIDS ....artificial active....(hope u r not confusing it wid mumps)

 

[teethie]

i am getting crazy, u r right pb2007. i mixed it with root trunk whereas my question was on furcation. sorry abt the confusion, i am getting so confused in dental anatomy
yes it will be the shortest furcation and longest root trunk in max 1st premolar.

now what is the answer for longest furcation??😕😕

sorry teethie i didnt get u
if furcation is closer to apical third then that means very close to root apices so how cum long ,shouldnt longer one be close to cervical line

plz clear my doubt ...

 

[Cindrella]

cindrella can u plz tel deck no ,coz should'nt toxoid confer artificial active as its weaked toxin

I"m sorry ... yes toxoids give artificial active... deck #198 says so... my mistake.. i'll edit that 👍 thank you for correcting pb2007 and annie...

 

[pb2007]

i am getting crazy, u r right pb2007. i mixed it with root trunk whereas my question was on furcation. sorry abt the confusion, i am getting so confused in dental anatomy
yes it will be the shortest furcation and longest root trunk in max 1st premolar.

now what is the answer for longest furcation??😕😕

that's ok lollllll ,i though i'm the only one goin crazy but i guess i have others too in same boat .i fail to understand simple ques at time n end up making my own concepts ...
so then wat's the rite answer????/

 

[anniemirza]

i am getting crazy, u r right pb2007. i mixed it with root trunk whereas my question was on furcation. sorry abt the confusion, i am getting so confused in dental anatomy
yes it will be the shortest furcation and longest root trunk in max 1st premolar.

now what is the answer for longest furcation??😕😕

Guys I think its mandibular 1st molar....(though i dint get anything exact)Logically I still go with this because mandi 1st molar has got the best prognosis with furcation involvement compared to all other teeth...(and maxi pm has got worst prognosis coz of the furcation being closer to apical 3rd)
Hope my concept makes sense.🙂

 

[teethie]

yes ur concept is right abt prognosis.👍

ok i go with mand 1st molar too.

sorry for creating so much confusions on this question.

Guys I think its mandibular 1st molar....(though i dint get anything exact)Logically I still go with this because mandi 1st molar has got the best prognosis with furcation involvement compared to all other teeth...(and maxi pm has got worst prognosis coz of the furcation being closer to apical 3rd)
Hope my concept makes sense.🙂

 

[teethie]

ques: Which part of nephron is hyperosmolar and hyposmolar?

 

[pb2007]

ques: Which part of nephron is hyperosmolar and hyposmolar?

hyperosmolar ......loop of hennle[medullary part]

hypoosmolar........ascending loop {coz its impermeable to water}

plz correct if wrong .

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

Hi everyone!!!
Finally Gave me exam!!!
I would like to thank all SDNers on this thread who helped me clear many doubts especially Teethie, pb2007, cindrella and everyone regular on this thread!
Now about the exam... First of all know the basics, and not only for just physio/biochem but also for ALL the subjects!! There are only just a few straightforward questions, rest of them test you for the knowledge of your basics! i feel that if your concepts are right you will be fine!! Before my exam i heard people say that the exam is much tougher than ASDA etc. and it used to make me scared But what i feel is that since everyone who does the ASDA starts of with the earlier papers and then gradually moves on to the next and then to the next so pretty much the same style is carried forward in the ASDA's later papers so this makes the ASDA exams look easier than the actual exam. But that is not the case... it is just that imho i found the style of questions a little different than the practice papers..
Coming back to the being clear about the basics.. i say this because i feel that amongst the answer choices you might be be able to exclude 2-3 options but then in the end there are almost always 2 such choices which might confuse you a bit.. so if you are not clear about some concepts you might find it hard to choose between the two....
As for the time, i felt the time was enough to think about the answer choices, complete the exam and then revise your answers a bit..(this does not mean you crawl like a snail through the questions 😛 .. its just that maintain your normal pace and DO NOT rush through)
I enjoyed being on this thread and will still stick around for a while..
All of you who have their exam coming up remember the most important thing is to REVISE!!
All the Best!👍

hey bratdoc

thanks for the feedback n all the very best with ur result...i am sure u must have done well....
all d best n keep us updated on the scores...

 

[teethie]

hi pb2007, can u tell me specifically which part of loop of henle is hyperosmolar, is it thin descending part??? will any water reabsorption take place in hyperosmolar region?

hyperosmolar ......loop of hennle[medullary part]

hypoosmolar........ascending loop {coz its impermeable to water}

plz correct if wrong .

 

[pb2007]

hi pb2007, can u tell me specifically which part of loop of henle is hyperosmolar, is it thin descending part??? will any water reabsorption take place in hyperosmolar region?

it depends how are the choices given
to be very specific its vasa recta present inner medulla
See Actual Size See Full Size
</DIV>teethi i'l go with thin decending coz the inner most part of medulla is thin part .look at the diagram .i'm little confused teethie,actually if we say hyperosmolar then in the lumen of the decending loop of hennle there is water reabsorption only then we have high osmolarity inside lumen plz correct me if u find it wrong.

 

[teethie]

yes pb2007, ur point is convincible, i agree with u on thin descending limb is hyperosmolar. thank s a lot for diagram 👍

one more point i found is that water can be reabsorbed in entire nephron except the ascending loop of henle.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=dVA...vasa recta loop of henle hyperosmolar&f=false

 

[pb2007]

yes pb2007, ur point is convincible, i agree with u on thin descending limb is hyperosmolar. thank s a lot for diagram 👍

one more point i found is that water can be reabsorbed in entire nephron except the ascending loop of henle.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=dVAvIn3UcNsC&lpg=PA100&ots=s2I3fAiBYC&dq=vasa%20recta%20loop%20of%20henle%20hyperosmolar&pg=PA98#v=onepage&q=vasa%20recta%20loop%20of%20henle%20hyperosmolar&f=false

yes its true teethie ,that's why we hav hypoosmolarity in ascending loop
i'm forgot teethie if vasa recta we say has highest osmolarity n on other hand we kno that decending limb of hennle has water permable then inside lumen it should be high ,how cum vasa recta will hav high osmolarity.

is it coz blood flow in that area is extremly slow so more solutes extracted.....i think i'm messing it up

 

[teethie]

you are not messing ,you are absouletly right, it is the slow blood flow that keeps vasa recta hyperosmolar.
because blood flowing inthe medulla is in equilibrium with medullary interstitium,and the solutes carried away by blood flow is limited due to equilibrium, those solutes wont get washed away by slow flow of blood through vasa recta.

yes its true teethie ,that's why we hav hypoosmolarity in ascending loop
i'm forgot teethie if vasa recta we say has highest osmolarity n on other hand we kno that decending limb of hennle has water permable then inside lumen it should be high ,how cum vasa recta will hav high osmolarity.

is it coz blood flow in that area is extremly slow so more solutes extracted.....i think i'm messing it up

 

[pb2007]

you are not messing ,you are absouletly right, it is the slow blood flow that keeps vasa recta hyperosmolar.
because blood flowing inthe medulla is in equilibrium with medullary interstitium,and the solutes carried away by blood flow is limited due to equilibrium, those solutes wont get washed away by slow flow of blood through vasa recta.

thanks teethie,i should review physio ,seems to forgetting evrything.

 

[Cindrella]

Why is Carcinoma of tail of pancreas least likely to cause acute abdominal symptoms ??

All of pancreas is retroperitoneal except for a portion of tail !!! can someone pls pls explain ...

 

[Cindrella]

Why is Carcinoma of tail of pancreas least likely to cause acute abdominal symptoms ??

All of pancreas is retroperitoneal except for a portion of tail !!! can someone pls pls explain ...

I picked that up from my ASDA paper's notes ! I just googled it and they say that the patient presents with abdominal pain... they dnt mention whether it is acute or chronic or associated with tail or head of Mr.Pancreas ....

so i guess i 'll let that go 🙁 but if someone knows the explanation pls save me !!

 

[Cindrella]

increased insulin sensitivity leads to hypoglycemia ... right ?!

 

[Svetlana]

Why is Carcinoma of tail of pancreas least likely to cause acute abdominal symptoms ??

All of pancreas is retroperitoneal except for a portion of tail !!! can someone pls pls explain ...

I think it's coz the head of the pancreas lies in the duodenal curve-->tumor will cause some kind of obstruction
And the tail isn't in such close relationship with the gut

Anyway,there should be a specific anatomy based answer.

 

[Svetlana]

increased insulin sensitivity leads to hypoglycemia ... right ?!

Since insulin lowers blood glucose level...i think so!!!🙂

 

[Svetlana]

guys can smb post please

shape of the pulp chamber/root section of the anteriors.
i confused with that...round,oval,triangular...and which one is root and which is pulp...
ooohhhh....😕

 

[teethie]

root will be round
pulp chamber will be triangular

guys can smb post please

shape of the pulp chamber/root section of the anteriors.
i confused with that...round,oval,triangular...and which one is root and which is pulp...
ooohhhh....😕

 

[Cindrella]

@ thanks svetlana

When we talk about early loss of teeth and early eruption of teeth -- its due to hyperthyroidism... now, within that is it more appropriate to choose hashimotos throiditis or plummer's disease ( this occurs in elderly - so this shouldn't be chosen acc to me 🙁 )

 

[Cindrella]

Can someone pls enlist the serotypes present in Hepatitis B patients and what each one indicates ---

HBe , HB s Ag,Ab, etc etc