Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.
 
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Cindrella said:
Can someone pls enlist the serotypes present in Hepatitis B patients and what each one indicates ---

HBe , HB s Ag,Ab, etc etc
Click to expand...
HBsAg....marker of acute infection
HBeAg.....acute active infection
anti HBsAg...protective and appear after disappearance of virus
antiHBcAg.....not protective
antiHBe Ag....are associated with low infectivity
 
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calcium homeostasis maintaind by which of the following by binding to the nuclear receptor??
pth
calcitonin
vit d
is it vitamin d coz its a steroid hormone which will bind to nuclear receptor ?
 
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Cindrella said:
Can someone pls enlist the serotypes present in Hepatitis B patients and what each one indicates ---

HBe , HB s Ag,Ab, etc etc
Click to expand...

HBV has been classified into nine serotypes, ayw (ayw1, ayw2, ayw3 and ayw4), ayr, adw (adw2 and adw4), adr, and eight genotypes .
what r des ???
 
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pb2007 said:
HBsAg....marker of acute infection .. is this the carrier state
HBeAg.....acute active infection
HBsAb = anti HBsAg .. am i right ?
anti HBsAg...protective and appear after disappearance of virus
antiHBcAg.....not protective
antiHBe Ag....are associated with low infectivity
Click to expand...

thank you pb2007 👍

@ annie i have never heard of those things that u just mentioned 🙁 could you pls elaborate??
 
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Cindrella said:
thank you pb2007 👍 the are termed serotypes only right ?!

@ annie i have never heard of those things that u just mentioned 🙁 could you pls elaborate??
Click to expand...
HBsAg....marker of acute infection
HBeAg.....acute active infection
anti HBsAg...protective and appear after disappearance of virus
antiHBcAg.....not protective
antiHBe Ag....are associated with low infectivity
These are Antigens of Hbv
Serotypes are what i just mentioned above...This is what i got when i luked up.kinda confused wid dat.
 
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pb2007 said:
calcium homeostasis maintaind by which of the following by binding to the nuclear receptor??
pth a peptide hormone-binds to plasma / cell membrane receptors
calcitonin isn't this an amine hormone ?
vit d
is it vitamin d coz its a steroid hormone which will bind to nuclear receptor 👍i agree?
Click to expand...

--
 
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anniemirza said:
HBsAg....marker of acute infection
HBeAg.....acute active infection
anti HBsAg...protective and appear after disappearance of virus
antiHBcAg.....not protective
antiHBe Ag....are associated with low infectivity
These are Antigens of Hbv
Serotypes are what i just mentioned above...
Click to expand...

oh boy ! thanks annie
 
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cellulose can not be digested coz it has beta 1,4 glycosidic bond,right?
then why lactose IS digested(the same bond)
 
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Which of the following cannot be prevented with a vaccine?
A. Infectious mononucleosis
B. Primary varicella
C. Smallpox
D. Hepatitis B
E. Hepatocellular carcinoma

I would consider both A and E to be correct !! Pls explain ....
 
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Cindrella said:
Which of the following cannot be prevented with a vaccine?
A. Infectious mononucleosis
B. Primary varicella
C. Smallpox
D. Hepatitis B
E. Hepatocellular carcinoma

I would consider both A and E to be correct !! Pls explain ....
Click to expand...
There is vaccine called "Mono" against Infectious mononucleosis....so guess u got the answer🙂
 
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very tricky; dont know what the right naswer is, but i guess both of these.
circumvallate: supplied by glossopharyngeal
soft palate: pharyngeal plexus

both can not get affected by stapedectomy.


elmos said:
patient has stapedectomy has lost all sensations except?
circumvallete or soft palate
thks in advance.
Click to expand...
 
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pb2007 said:
annie can you explain why u think that's the answer .
Click to expand...

soft palate-innervation 4m pharyngeal plexus(so no where related to facial nerve)
circumvalate-ant 2/3 tongue gets innervation by chorda tympani(facial nerve) so there are chances of injury to the facial nerve.so I chose that.Hope iam right.🙂
 
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but if u go specifically, circumvalate is not supplied by chorda tympani.
hope i am not wrong.


anniemirza said:
soft palate-innervation 4m pharyngeal plexus(so no where related to facial nerve)
circumvalate-ant 2/3 tongue gets innervation by chorda tympani(facial nerve) so there are chances of injury to the facial nerve.so I chose that.Hope iam right.🙂
Click to expand...
 
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teethie said:
but if u go specifically, circumvalate is not supplied by chorda tympani.
hope i am not wrong.
Click to expand...
Yea i know ...what i think is since the whole ant part being supplied by the chorda tympani and circumvallate being in the anterior it might be as well affected by this...
Anyway-risks of stapedectomy causes numbness and altered taste sensation of the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue.
 
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hehe same here....never heard of em!
anyways....easy to rmbr...(AY-W,AY-R)
(AD-W,AD-R)

sorry for stupid Q,but what is this mnemonic about?
 
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Cindrella said:
@ thanks svetlana

When we talk about early loss of teeth and early eruption of teeth -- its due to hyperthyroidism... now, within that is it more appropriate to choose hashimotos throiditis or plummer's disease ( this occurs in elderly - so this shouldn't be chosen acc to me 🙁 )
Click to expand...

No,Cinderella,you should pick up Plumers.
Coz Hashimoto is most of the time "HYPO",but sometimes crisis can occur (HYPER),it's called ha****oxicosis( dont remember exactly)

Correct me if i'm wrong
 
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Svetlana said:
No,Cinderella,you should pick up Plumers.
Coz Hashimoto is most of the time "HYPO",but sometimes crisis can occur (HYPER),it's called ha****oxicosis( dont remember exactly)

Correct me if i'm wrong
Click to expand...

thyrotoxicosis... yeah i wd go with plummers too... but Got confused with Hashimotos

thanks
 
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Cindrella said:
Annie r u sure about mono vaccine cuz 1st aid dsn't mention it ! in any case yep then wd go with E

Thank you
Click to expand...
read abt the vaccine somewhr...not confirmed thou.But i guess when compared to option C (carcinoma)....it wud be a safer option.


okie just read it,now this is confusing ....Hepatitis B vaccine also helps in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma!!
 
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Emphysema has Increased Pco2 and normal or decreased P02

Chronic Bronchitis has increased Pco2 and Decreased Po2

PLease correct me ...
 
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Hi!
I think i over studied,coz now i came up with this Q.
beta oxidation of palmitic acid(C16) yields 8 acetyl CoA+7 NADH+7FADH2

Why "7"???????
If per each cycle we get 1 acetyl CoA+1 NADH+1 FADH2

Where do we loose nadh and fadh2????
 
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guys, there is no vaccine for hepatocellular arcinoma because if u remeber hepCis a silent killer and it does cause liver cancer. if vaccine for Hep b protects against liver cancer than why it does not work in hep c cancer. well all wha s understood is that hep b prevents hepatocellular carcinoma because it does not cause hep B viral infectionin the first place.
so answer should be hepatocellular carcinoma.
reg CMV, here is th elink that says vaacine is there.
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/about/news/release/2002/5-cytomegalovirus.htm


Reg; early eruption, it is in hyperthyroidism. but this has nothing to do with plummer disease. it is assocaited with iron deficiency.
and hashimotos is:
In Hashimoto's, antibodies react against proteins in the thyroid gland, causing gradual destruction of the gland itself, and making the gland unable to produce the thyroid hormones the body needs.



anniemirza said:
Right abt it.👍
Did anybody get anything regarding the vaccines???
Click to expand...
 
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teethie said:
guys, there is no vaccine for hepatocellular arcinoma because if u remeber hepCis a silent killer and it does cause liver cancer. if vaccine for Hep b protects against liver cancer than why it does not work in hep c cancer. well all wha s understood is that hep b prevents hepatocellular carcinoma because it does not cause hep B viral infectionin the first place.
so answer should be hepatocellular carcinoma.
reg CMV, here is th elink that says vaacine is there.
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/about/news/release/2002/5-cytomegalovirus.htm


Reg; early eruption, it is in hyperthyroidism. but this has nothing to do with plummer disease. it is assocaited with iron deficiency.
and hashimotos is:
In Hashimoto's, antibodies react against proteins in the thyroid gland, causing gradual destruction of the gland itself, and making the gland unable to produce the thyroid hormones the body needs.
Click to expand...
so a better answer wud be hepatocellular carcinoma .....dint find details reg the Infectious Mononucleosis vaccine guyz....so better to go wid Ca.sorry for the confusion initially.
P.s dint find anything in the link teethie.but thanx anyways.👍
 
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that was what i could find atleast they developed a vaccine.
sorry if it is not heplful👎


anniemirza said:
so a better answer wud be hepatocellular carcinoma .....dint find details reg the Infectious Mononucleosis vaccine guyz....so better to go wid Ca.sorry for the confusion initially.
P.s dint find anything in the link teethie.but thanx anyways.👍
Click to expand...
 
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--

Svetlana said:
Teethy,is it for ALL anteriors?
No exceptions?---------not very sure, but refer to decks card#7

And also,dent.essent. says that max.post ling.height of c. in middle too.
What do you think?-- again it is differing from my kaplan. dont know, guys please clarify this😕
Click to expand...
 
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agree, have a look.

Biochemical Mode of 1,25(OH)2D3 Action:
VitDRecept.gif

The proposed mode of action for 1,25(OH)2D3 resembles the mode of action of the general class of thyroid/steroid hormones:
i) transport to nucleus
ii) mediation by a nuclear receptor
iii) stimulation of DNA transcription
iv) synthesis of functional proteins: Calcium Transporter (Ionophore), Ca-Binding Protein and Ca-ATPase.







pb2007 said:
calcium homeostasis maintaind by which of the following by binding to the nuclear receptor??
pth
calcitonin
vit d
is it vitamin d coz its a steroid hormone which will bind to nuclear receptor ?
Click to expand...
 
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Svetlana said:
cellulose can not be digested coz it has beta 1,4 glycosidic bond,right?
then why lactose IS digested(the same bond)
Click to expand...

Because cellulose bond is between glucose and glucose
and lactose bond is between glucose and galactose
I used to have the same confusion earlier!! These little things help you understand the basics!!
 
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The most prominent cingulum is found on which incisor?
A. Maxillary central
B. Maxillary lateral
C. Mandibular central
D. Mandibular lateral

Can somebody pls confirm with wheelers... i have a feeling it should be A but the answer is supposed to be B
 
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teethie said:
guys, there is no vaccine for hepatocellular arcinoma because if u remeber hepCis a silent killer and it does cause liver cancer. if vaccine for Hep b protects against liver cancer than why it does not work in hep c cancer. well all wha s understood is that hep b prevents hepatocellular carcinoma because it does not cause hep B viral infectionin the first place.
so answer should be hepatocellular carcinoma.
reg CMV, here is th elink that says vaacine is there. -- should have been EB virus
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/about/news/release/2002/5-cytomegalovirus.htm


Reg; early eruption, it is in hyperthyroidism. but this has nothing to do with plummer Vinson disease. it is assocaited with iron deficiency.
and hashimotos is:
In Hashimoto's, antibodies react against proteins in the thyroid gland, causing gradual destruction of the gland itself, and making the gland unable to produce the thyroid hormones the body needs.
Click to expand...

@ thanks teethie and annie 👍 but Infectious mononucleosis is caused by EB virus not CMV ... Either ways, never knew there was a vaccine for CMV 🙂 so thanks
 
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