Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

hi annie, i have answered it spinal trigeminal for the followng question:
pain fibres of glossopharengeal nerve synapse where?-

So teethy,you think it's mistake in ASDA?
and it's spinal trigeminal nucleus(as i thought actually...)?????😕

 

[pb2007]

URGENT!!!!
1998
#166
In DNA A - 22%,what is G?
ans 28%

But i thought we are using formula A+T=G+C

And the ans.seems to be vice verse

we kno that g=c n a=t so if a=22 then we hav t=22
so a+t =44
so out of 100 we kno a+t=44 so g+c should be 56
so g+c=56
g=56/2=28%

 

[pb2007]

Thank u pb...i did read that para twice....it says the contralateral is only for the XII and VII nerves....rest all have unilateral supply.still i cudnt understand the whole thing....and also what happens wen the Cranial nerves are cut at different levels...not just at medulla.hope smbdy makes it all clear.....waitin.

nerve can be cut at only two levels
first before wen its fibres decussate n 2nd at the level above wen fibres hav decussated so
example the fibres of corticospinal tract decussate at pyramids in the medulla ,now i guess in this case any lesion below the level of pyramid would cause ipsilateral damage .
dont kno if wat i wrote is makin sense or not??

 

[elmos]

what's the most precursor of ammonia from aminoacid:
what can be, glutamate glutamine or something else.

 

[pb2007]

what's the most precursor of ammonia from aminoacid:
what can be, glutamate glutamine or something else.

i think glutamate

 

[Svetlana]

we kno that g=c n a=t so if a=22 then we hav t=22
so a+t =44
so out of 100 we kno a+t=44 so g+c should be 56
so g+c=56
g=56/2=28%

And the Q that we discussed from 1999
It was 20%-A and 30%-T(A doesn't=T in this case...)
C-40%,G-?
Here this formula work works A+T=G+C

BUT NOT A=T,G=C

I dont understand...

 

[perfectionist1]

hi annie, i have answered it spinal trigeminal for the followng question:
pain fibres of glossopharengeal nerve synapse where?-

hey teethie....the questn is "Location of the cell bodies of pain fibers in the glossophar.nerve?"...so that means it shud sm ganglion whr all the cell bodies are present....so it in sup.ganglion of CN IX..👍
dint get y did u chose the trigeminal nucleus???

 

[perfectionist1]

@pb and teethie....
what lies deep to hyoglossus
is it lingual artery
lingual nerve-----ANSWER

Its always the lingual nerve.....lingual artery lies medially and deep...whereas the lingual nerve exctly below it....rmbr always.👍

 

[pb2007]

And the Q that we discussed from 1999
It was 20%-A and 30%-T(A doesn't=T in this case...)
C-40%,G-?
Here this formula work works A+T=G+C

BUT NOT A=T,G=C

I dont understand...

99 ques is different
i dont kno how to explain it better .
let some else explain it

 

[pb2007]

99 ques is different
i dont kno how to explain it better .
let some else explain it

sorry svetlana i tried using ur formula for this ques ,but could'nt solve it ,i guess that's the only way to do it
these are two different ques .

 

[pb2007]

@pb and teethie....
what lies deep to hyoglossus
is it lingual artery
lingual nerve-----ANSWER

Its always the lingual nerve.....lingual artery lies medially and deep...whereas the lingual nerve exctly below it....rmbr always.👍

[/QUOT


annie look at this pics isnt lingual nerve passing frm side of hypoglossal???

any do u remeber where crypts of liberkuhn r present ,u'v put a nic link sometime bak but can find it now ,is it lamina propria ?

 

[pb2007]

lower motor neuron control of muscles of mastication is by way of
nucleus ambigus
mesencephalic nucleus
lateral corticospinal tract
motor nucleus of trigeminal .......answer??
motor nucleus of facial

 

[Svetlana]

Jaw jerk reflex is disynaptic?

Which reflexes are mono/polysynaptic?

 

[perfectionist1]

@pb and teethie....
what lies deep to hyoglossus
is it lingual artery
lingual nerve-----ANSWER

Its always the lingual nerve.....lingual artery lies medially and deep...whereas the lingual nerve exctly below it....rmbr always

last time...i guess u all 4got...v had a very long conversation over this questn...finally if in the options the lingual nerve and artery both are given .....always chose the lingual nerve...wen compared to the nerve....the artery is medial.
n crypts of L:submucosa of DUODENUM.👍

 

[Svetlana]

lower motor neuron control of muscles of mastication is by way of
nucleus ambigus
mesencephalic nucleus
lateral corticospinal tract
motor nucleus of trigeminal .......answer??
motor nucleus of facial

Yeah!

 

[Svetlana]

Crypts of LIberchun(not sure about spelling) in the small intestine and they contain Paneth cells,which secrete lisozyme

I think it's right!

 

[pb2007]

Jaw jerk reflex is disynaptic?

Which reflexes are mono/polysynaptic?

jaw jerk is monosynaptic
all stretch reflexes are monosynaptic
glogi tendon is polysynaptic
plz correct if wrong

 

[pb2007]

last time...i guess u all 4got...v had a very long conversation over this questn...finally if in the options the lingual nerve and artery both are given .....always chose the lingual nerve...wen compared to the nerve....the artery is medial.
n crypts of L:submucosa of DUODENUM.👍

thanks annie

 

[pb2007]

Crypts of LIberchun(not sure about spelling) in the small intestine and they contain Paneth cells,which secrete lisozyme

I think it's right!

ques is regarding its position
its submucosa of duodenum
which represent primary mineral component of alveolar bone in periodontium
osteoid ......answer??
elastin
collagen
hydroxyapatite
ground substance

articulating surface of amndibular condyl covered by
elastic tissue
synovial memb
hyaline cartilage
typical perichondrium
collagenous connective tissue

 

[perfectionist1]

ques is regarding its position
its submucosa of duodenum
which represent primary mineral component of alveolar bone in periodontium
osteoid ......answer??here its refering to the bundle bone in which the periodontium gets attached....n bundle bone is always immature=osteoid.
elastin
collagen
hydroxyapatite
ground substance

articulating surface of amndibular condyl covered by
elastic tissue
synovial memb
hyaline cartilage
typical perichondrium
collagenous connective tissue-answer

👍

 

[teethie]

perfectionist 1 , pl read this link. lingual artery is the right answer.

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_49.html

for glossophrayngeal it is is asking where the pain fibres synapse, cell bodies question is another question

last time...i guess u all 4got...v had a very long conversation over this questn...finally if in the options the lingual nerve and artery both are given .....always chose the lingual nerve...wen compared to the nerve....the artery is medial.
n crypts of L:submucosa of DUODENUM.👍

 

[teethie]

good👍

jaw jerk is monosynaptic
all stretch reflexes are monosynaptic
glogi tendon is polysynaptic
plz correct if wrong

 

[teethie]

svetlana, in this question, they are giving u values already, so formula is not wrong, it will give u the answer as pb2007 explained. he or she is right.👍 while explaining the the other question in which values are not given for any other base except A.
A+T=G+C
20+30=g+40
G=10
FOR OTHER QUESTION:
ONLY A base value IS GIVEN BUT OUT OF 100, WE CAN FIND OUT RIGHT.
22+22=(100-44=56)
A+T
G==28%

And the Q that we discussed from 1999
It was 20%-A and 30%-T(A doesn't=T in this case...)
C-40%,G-?
Here this formula work works A+T=G+C

BUT NOT A=T,G=C

I dont understand...

 

[pb2007]

few more doubts
jst prior to ovulation ,preovulatory follicle secretes large amounts of
estrogen.....answer
LH
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROHIN
PROGESTERONE
ANDROGEN

which part of GIT has villi,goblet cells and mucous secreting glands
iieum
stomach
jejunum.......answer
duodenum
oesophagus

what differentiated cementum from enamel
presense of collagen........answer
presense of incremental lines
presense of hydroxyapatite crystals
derieved frm dental papillae ......or this is the answer
cutaneous innervation to chin n lower...... is mediated by which nerve
mental nerve....answer
facial nerve
inferior alveolar
buccal nerve of 5
braches of maxillary division
bone tissue increases in size by
action of osteoclasts
mitotic division of osteoclasts
appositional growth of osteoclasts
interstitial growth by osteoclasts......answer
usually periapical abcess of mand 1st premolar drains lingually into which space
sublingual
submand......ans
paraphyrengeal
retropharengeal
pthergomandibular
mature dental pulp composed of which connective tissue
dense......answer
loose
mucoid
adipose
elastic

someone plz confirm these

 

[teethie]

...

ques is regarding its position
its submucosa of duodenum
which represent primary mineral component of alveolar bone in periodontium
osteoid ......answer??-------No, osteoid is uncalcified matrix how it can be a mineral componet
elastin
collagen
hydroxyapatite--------------yes 👍
ground substance

articulating surface of amndibular condyl covered by
elastic tissue
synovial memb
hyaline cartilage
typical perichondrium
collagenous connective tissue-------------yes

 

[perfectionist1]

perfectionist 1 , pl read this link. lingual artery is the right answer.

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_49.html

for glossophrayngeal it is is asking where the pain fibres synapse, cell bodies question is another question


okie teethie...lingual artery always follow the vein rt...so check out the course of the vein ...if the artery course isnt clear....n also where ever the artery n nerve are both mentiond...they both are deep agree...artery being medial to the muscle....anyways lets follow what v believe...at the end v have to be satisfied wid our wadever answer v gv rt.🙂
n teethie....reg that IX nerve...iam not sure,had probs wid this nuclei always😛....but 1thing....y did u chose the trigeminal nuclei???😕lik i dont c the relation!

 

[pb2007]

...

 

[teethie]

..

few more doubts

jst prior to ovulation ,preovulatory follicle secretes large amounts of
estrogen.....answer------No, after ovulation
LH------suge of LH leads to ovulation
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROHIN
PROGESTERONE
ANDROGEN

which part of GIT has villi,goblet cells and mucous secreting glands
iieum
stomach
jejunum.......answer-----------------No
duodenum---------------remember brunners glands
oesophagus

what differentiated cementum from enamel
presense of collagen........answer----------------yes
presense of incremental lines
presense of hydroxyapatite crystals
derieved frm dental papillae ......or this is the answer

cutaneous innervation to chin n lower...... is mediated by which nerve
mental nerve....answer--------------------yes
facial nerve
inferior alveolar
buccal nerve of 5
braches of maxillary division

bone tissue increases in size by
action of osteoclasts
mitotic division of osteoclasts
appositional growth of osteoclasts----------yes u had done a typo error should be osteoblast
interstitial growth by osteoclasts......answer---------no

usually periapical abcess of mand 1st premolar drains lingually into which space
sublingual-------yes
submand......ans-------no only if roots lie below mylohyoid
paraphyrengeal
retropharengeal
pthergomandibular

mature dental pulp composed of which connective tissue
dense......answer-------yes incresed fibroblasts
loose
mucoid
adipose
elastic

someone plz confirm these

 

[pb2007]

..

teethie
fir 1st ques i was thinkin estrogen is secreted in large quantity before ovulation n then this estrogen takes signal to pitutary to make LH ,
QUES SAYING PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE.

am i wrong?

another thing wen we say periapical abcess of mandibular molar will that drain to submandibular space?

 

[teethie]

lingual artery does not follow the course of lingual nerve, this is an exceptionin whole body.
rest u go with ur answer, i go with mine😀

for glossopharyngeal, i answered it based on sensory component. sorry i am also not good in neuroanatomy🙁

This component of CN IX carries general sensory information (pain, temperature, and touch) from the skin of the external ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane, the walls of the upper pharynx, and the posterior one-third of the tongue. Peripheral course. These peripheral processes have cell their cell body in either the superior or inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion. Central course - general sensory component. The central processes of the general sensory neurons exit the glossopharyngeal ganglia and pass through the jugular foramen to enter the brainstem at the level of the medulla. Upon entering the medulla these fibers descend in the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in the caudal spinal nucleus of the trigeminal.

perfectionist 1 , pl read this link. lingual artery is the right answer.

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_49.html

for glossophrayngeal it is is asking where the pain fibres synapse, cell bodies question is another question


okie teethie...lingual artery always follow the vein rt...so check out the course of the vein ...if the artery course isnt clear....n also where ever the artery n nerve are both mentiond...they both are deep agree...artery being medial to the muscle....anyways lets follow what v believe...at the end v have to be satisfied wid our wadever answer v gv rt.🙂
n teethie....reg that IX nerve...iam not sure,had probs wid this nuclei always😛....but 1thing....y did u chose the trigeminal nuclei???😕lik i dont c the relation!

 

[pb2007]

..

thanks a tonn teethie,
these ques r drivin me crazy ,i feel like i have forgotten the very basic that i knew well before.

 

[perfectionist1]

okie heres the thing....teethie u r rt reg the "synapse" of nerve fibers....i dint c dat word synapse sorry.so:
pain fibres of glossopharengeal nerve synapse where?----spinal trigeminal nucleus.
n for the questn. cell bodies of glossopharyngeal nerve are present----its superior glossopharyngeal ganglion.
no confusions now!!!
👍

 

[teethie]

HI PB2007, SEE THIS LINK, I THINK I AM NOT WRONG TOO.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=gaY...VULATORY FOLLICLE hormone produces LH&f=false


MAND1 ST MOLAR WILL DRAIN INTO SUBLINGUAL AND SUBMANDIBULAR AGAIN DEPENDING ON ROOT POSITION WITH MYLOHYOID AND
MAND 2ND MOLAR INTO SUBMANDIBULAR ALWAYS.

teethie
fir 1st ques i was thinkin estrogen is secreted in large quantity before ovulation n then this estrogen takes signal to pitutary to make LH ,
QUES SAYING PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE.

am i wrong?

another thing wen we say periapical abcess of mandibular molar will that drain to submandibular space?

 

[perfectionist1]

teethie:"lingual artery does not follow the course of lingual nerve, this is an exceptionin whole body."
rest u go with ur answer, i go with mine😀
me:
i never said the artery follows the nerve!!!i said artery follows the vein!!
no confusions.....ahhh lets move now.😛

 

[teethie]

YES U R RIGHT
cell bodies of glossopharyngeal nerve are present----its superior glossopharyngeal ganglion.🙂

okie heres the thing....teethie u r rt reg the "synapse" of nerve fibers....i dint c dat word synapse sorry.so:
pain fibres of glossopharengeal nerve synapse where?----spinal trigeminal nucleus.
n for the questn. cell bodies of glossopharyngeal nerve are present----its superior glossopharyngeal ganglion.
no confusions now!!!
👍

 

[teethie]

I know perfectionist1 you never said that, and neither I said that you said that😀

teethie:"lingual artery does not follow the course of lingual nerve, this is an exceptionin whole body."
rest u go with ur answer, i go with mine😀
me:
i never said the artery follows the nerve!!!i said artery follows the vein!!
no confusions.....ahhh lets move now.😛

 

[wdent]

Hey
Just want to confirm this concept
In mand.ist molar where would the 4 th canal be !!!
DL or DB !!!????

 

[perfectionist1]

I know perfectionist1 you never said that, and neither I said that you said that😀

hehe okie nevermind....u r the one wid more experience🙂
okie... above u said...drainage of premolar and molar ....n relation to mylohyoid.can u plz eloborate that lil bit....😕

 

[teethie]

I think its distobuccal

Hey
Just want to confirm this concept
In mand.ist molar where would the 4 th canal be !!!
DL or DB !!!????

 

[teethie]

hey its not abt experience or anything, i was kidding.everyday u add humor to the posts via emoticons,today i did

well its abt the relationshp of roots to mylohyoid u can also find this ins peterson oral surgery. if roots are above mylohyoid they will drain in sublingual space.
if roots lie deep to mylohyoid then submandibular.which is usually for mand 2nd molars

hehe okie nevermind....u r the one wid more experience🙂
okie... above u said...drainage of premolar and molar ....n relation to mylohyoid.can u plz eloborate that lil bit....😕

 

[wdent]

Thanks teethie .

 

[perfectionist1]

well its abt the relationshp of roots to mylohyoid u can also find this ins peterson oral surgery. if roots are above mylohyoid they will drain in sublingual space.
if roots lie deep to mylohyoid then submandibular.which is usually for mand 2nd molars

Thank u teethie🙂
n another doubt....if 4 root canals are present in a mandi 1st molar....wudnt dat be one DL and DB since normally only "distal" canal is present(and not DL ...for the 4th to be called as DB)????😕sorry if its silly😛...jus a doubt.

 

[start6030]

hi everyone..
i have a question..
in the decks (biochem /physio) , the number 100 is >

all of the following are the factors that decrease insulin secretion EXCEPT one . Which one is the EXCEPTION ?

a. decrease in blood glucose level
b. secretion of somatostatin
c. secretion of glucagon
d. secretion of either epinephrine or norepinephrine .

the answer given is c.
and the explanation says in the first line >
the secretion of glucagon causes an INCREASE in insulin secretion.


am unable to follow the answer and the explanation...can someone explain it plz ?

 

[perfectionist1]

hi everyone..
i have a question..
in the decks (biochem /physio) , the number 100 is >

all of the following are the factors that decrease insulin secretion EXCEPT one . Which one is the EXCEPTION ?

a. decrease in blood glucose level
b. secretion of somatostatin
c. secretion of glucagon
d. secretion of either epinephrine or norepinephrine .

the answer given is c.
and the explanation says in the first line >
the secretion of glucagon causes an INCREASE in insulin secretion.


am unable to follow the answer and the explanation...can someone explain it plz ?

DATS RIGHT!....its asking "except" glucagon secretion rest all will cause decreased insulin secretion ....glucagon anyways causes increased insulin secretion!👍

 

[teethie]

ok, books say that distal canal is present if ur explorer goes in lingual direction then it s dl canal if it goes in buccal directin then it is db canal.
we dont know what the tooth is going to show us, so i go with inclination of roots hence db is my answer.
if anyone finds other answer, i am open to correction.

Thank u teethie🙂
n another doubt....if 4 root canals are present in a mandi 1st molar....wudnt dat be one DL and DB since normally only "distal" canal is present(and not DL ...for the 4th to be called as DB)????😕sorry if its silly😛...jus a doubt.

 

[Cindrella]

In the final step of gluconeogenesis ... glucose 6 phosphatase is ACTIVATED by GLUCOSE .. is it correct ?? shouldn't it be Glucagon and epinephrine in Liver and only Epinephrine in Muscle !!

INHIBITED by Insulin in both liver and muscle ????

Someone pls clarify ...

 

[bratdoc]

The distribution of carbonate within dental enamel follows the same surface to DEJ patterns as which of the following?
A. Lead
B. Calcium ... -
C. Fluoride
D. Strontium
E. None of the above............................ANSWER !!!

Yes the answer is none of the above!
refer previous posts!
http://forums.studentdoctor.net/showthread.php?p=10097589#post10097589

 

[Cindrella]

Yes the answer is none of the above!
refer previous posts!
http://forums.studentdoctor.net/showthread.php?p=10097589#post10097589

Finally ! thanks bratdoc 👍

pb2007 ... there was something about MAC u had asked around 8-10 days back.. by any chance do u remember what it was and what was the answer ... 😕

 

[start6030]

hmm , i asked a couple of frnds and got this possible explanation >

when glucagon wil rise , blood concentration of glucose will start increasing....
and when the blood glucose concentration will be quite increased , insulin will start rising to carry it to peripheral cells for its conversion into glycogen...


how many of u agree with this explanation ?

 

[bratdoc]

@pb and teethie....
what lies deep to hyoglossus
is it lingual artery
lingual nerve-----ANSWER

Its always the lingual nerve.....lingual artery lies medially and deep...whereas the lingual nerve exctly below it....rmbr always.👍

[/QUOT


annie look at this pics isnt lingual nerve passing frm side of hypoglossal???

any do u remeber where crypts of liberkuhn r present ,u'v put a nic link sometime bak but can find it now ,is it lamina propria ?

pb2007 are we talking about 'HYPOglossal"(nerve) or Hyoglossus(muscle)?? maybe thats the confusion