Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

---

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

cindrella, u posted one exception abt max molar root inclination in 73 or 74 page number of this thread, and that was right so i am going with this answer. i think this is also given in kaplan.

which of following describe proper axial inclination of palatal root of max 2nd molar
vertical
mesial and lingual
mesial and facial
distal and facial-------------------------------answer, correct if wrong.
distal and linguaL

@ teethie can you please tell ur source and gv an explanation

 

[dental wing]

Thanks a lot dental wing.. then in that case desc limb and DCT will be HYPERosmolar or HYPERtonic cuz water is being reabsorbed there ... pls confirm this as well 🙂

100% correct...desnd.limb is hyperosmotic ....👍

 

[Cindrella]

Thanks dental wing ...

Can u pls tell me Histology of Pancreas.. in brief... Thanks in advance

 

[Cindrella]

REceptor for ACTH ?


fatty acids are linked to glycerol by which of the flwng types of bonds in triacylglycerols?
a-ester
b-amide
c-hydrogen
d-glycosidic
e-electrostatic

recognition of ACTH by its target cell depends upon the binding of the hormone to a specific receptor on the
a-mitochondrial membrane
b-lysosomal membrane
c-nuclear membrane
d-cell membrane... Answer
e-chromosome

 

[perfectionist1]

Hey...
ACTH RECEPTOR:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTH_receptor

Q:
In centric relation,does the vertical dimension increase or decrease???😕

 

[dental wing]

PANCREASE HISTOLOGY: -PANCREASE covered with a very thin connective tissue capsule which extends inward as septa, partitioning the gland into lobules.
EXOCRINE PORTION---Ducts cells secrete water,electrolyte,and bicarbonate.
Acini—are composed of pyramidal serous type cell which produces membrane bound granules of mixed enzymes for secretion.
Endocrine Gland;--ilets of pancreatic cells

 

[dental wing]

fatty acids are linked to glycerol by which of the flwng types of bonds in triacylglycerols?
a-ester ANSWER
b-amide
c-hydrogen
d-glycosidic
e-electrostatic

recognition of ACTH by its target cell depends upon the binding of the hormone to a specific receptor on the
a-mitochondrial membrane
b-lysosomal membrane
c-nuclear membrane
d-cell membrane ANSWER becoz ACTH receptor uses cAMP as a secondary messengerACTH receptor uses cAMP as a secondary messenger

 

[Cindrella]

PANCREASE HISTOLOGY: -PANCREASE covered with a very thin connective tissue capsule which extends inward as septa, partitioning the gland into lobules.
EXOCRINE PORTION---Ducts cells secrete water,electrolyte,and bicarbonate.
Acini—are composed of pyramidal serous type cell which produces membrane bound granules of mixed enzymes for secretion.
Endocrine Gland;--ilets of pancreatic cells

👍 thanku

 

[perfectionist1]

REceptor for ACTH ?


fatty acids are linked to glycerol by which of the flwng types of bonds in triacylglycerols?
a-ester-ANSWER
b-amide
c-hydrogen
d-glycosidic
e-electrostatic

recognition of ACTH by its target cell depends upon the binding of the hormone to a specific receptor on the
a-mitochondrial membrane
b-lysosomal membrane
c-nuclear membrane
d-cell membrane... RIGHT
e-chromosome

.......

 

[perfectionist1]

somebody answer this:
Q:
In centric relation,does the vertical dimension increase or decrease???

 

[dental wing]

CR relationship is mandible to the skull, at this position condyles are uppermost and mid post position and it is irrespective of tooth position or vertical dimension....so there will be no change in vertical dimension....hope this will work..

 

[perfectionist1]

CR relationship is mandible to the skull, at this position condyles are uppermost and mid post position and it is irrespective of tooth position or vertical dimension....so there will be no change in vertical dimension....hope this will work..

yea i meant that wen we move it from normal rest position to centric relation...what hapens to VD?
Doesnt it decrease since the mandible is moving to uppermost/superior most position in the glenoid fossa?

 

[briansle]

yea i meant that wen we move it from normal rest position to centric relation...what hapens to VD?
Doesnt it decrease since the mandible is moving to uppermost/superior most position in the glenoid fossa?

Yea if you think about it logically, you are right. It does decrease in most cases. The condyles shift forward and upward. But I think this is a case of nit-picky terminology. I think whenever you see words CR and Vertical dimension together pick the answer that says they have no relevance to each other.

Reason ? : VD is often associated with teeth, and the purpose of utilizing CR in the clinic to set the max/mand relationship in an edentulous patient.

 

[perfectionist1]

I actually got this doubt in relation to this questn posted earlier....

[QUOTE=pb2007;10194936]
moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer?
decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap .
[/QUOTE]

Now in simple terms this questn is "when mandible moves from centric occlusion to centric relation,the following will result"
So now what wud be the answer??Wont the VD decrease?

 

[teethie]

Hi bratdoc, could u pl answer this question???

I actually got this doubt in relation to this questn posted earlier....

[QUOTE=pb2007;10194936]
moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer?
decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap .
Now in simple terms this questn is "when mandible moves from centric occlusion to centric relation,the following will result"
So now what wud be the answer??Wont the VD decrease?

[/QUOTE]

 

[dental wing]

moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer?
.decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap

http://www.dental-update.co.uk/articles/30/3004211.pdf

check Fig.6.....here i think retruded position means retruded contact position ,so we can measure vertical dimention...

plz correct me if im wrong.....

 

[bratdoc]

I actually got this doubt in relation to this questn posted earlier....

[QUOTE=pb2007;10194936]
moving mandible frm max ICP to retruded position ,the following will result
increase verticla occlusal dimension........answer?
decrease verticle occlusal dimension
decrease horizontal overlap
increase verticle overlap .
Now in simple terms this questn is "when mandible moves from centric occlusion to centric relation,the following will result"
So now what wud be the answer??Wont the VD decrease?

[/QUOTE]

Hi bratdoc, could u pl answer this question???

[/QUOTE]

This is a good question. At the first glance anyone would think that VD decreases BUT actually the VD would increase in going from maximum IC to CR....
My reasoning is that if you check the Posselt's envelope of motion then:
ICP= Most Superior position
CR or Retruded position=Posterior position which is also lower than ICP
Since the Posselt's envelope of motion shows the most border/outermost movements of the jaws hence the fact that ICP is the MOST SUPERIOR position proves that it is the position with the LEAST VD
And the point of maximum opening is the point with Maximum VD

So the ANSWER= Increase in Vertical Dimension

 

[teethie]

👍

[/I]

thank u bratdoc

 

[Cindrella]

Pls Explain !!

1- What happens to the glucose uptake in luminal membrane if u inhibit Na/K pump on basal membrane ?

2-What happens to the arterial oxygen concentration in Carbon monoxide poisoning ?

3- Example of simple gland ( 1 secretion 1 duct ) in human body ?

4-Marker for osteoclastic activity is ?

5-What is polyadenylation ?

6-Monoamine oxidase 🙁

7- Is there something like HBcAb ? If yes, when is it positive / negative ?
What does it indicate ?

8-Any cell other than RBC that does not contain mitochondria ?

9-An example each of Uniport ( is this co transport ? ) and Symport ?

10- Inverted P wave and T wave is seen in -

11- U wave corresponds to ??




thank you ...

 

[perfectionist1]

[/I]

[/QUOTE]

This is a good question. At the first glance anyone would think that VD decreases BUT actually the VD would increase in going from maximum IC to CR....
My reasoning is that if you check the Posselt's envelope of motion then:
ICP= Most Superior position
CR or Retruded position=Posterior position which is also lower than ICP
Since the Posselt's envelope of motion shows the most border/outermost movements of the jaws hence the fact that ICP is the MOST SUPERIOR position proves that it is the position with the LEAST VD
And the point of maximum opening is the point with Maximum VD

So the ANSWER= Increase in Vertical Dimension[/QUOTE]

Thank you bratdoc for ur inputs....👍

 

[perfectionist1]

Pls Explain !!

2-What happens to the arterial oxygen concentration in Carbon monoxide poisoning ?-----decreases

3- Example of simple gland ( 1 secretion 1 duct ) in human body ? -sweat glands

4-Marker for osteoclastic activity is ?------some osteoclastic enzymes-cathepsin K,tartrate resistant acid phosphatase

5-What is polyadenylation ?-----In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It therefore forms part of the larger process of gene expression.

6-Monoamine oxidase 🙁 are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body.

7- Is there something like HBcAb ? If yes, when is it positive / negative ?
What does it indicate ?----Hepatitis B core Antibody.A positive HBcAb test can mean you have an acute or a past hepatitis B infection.
8-Any cell other than RBC that does not contain mitochondria ? All bacteria

9-An example each of Uniport ( is this co transport ? ) and Symport ?

Symport and anitport require a co-substrate ion, whereas uniport is defined as ionindependent​

solute flux.

thank you ...

this is all i cud get.👍

 

[teethie]

Hi pb2007, how was your exam?? hope you did well.

 

[teethie]

hi cindrella, rest ones see below:

Pls Explain !!

1- What happens to the glucose uptake in luminal membrane if u inhibit Na/K pump on basal membrane ?
😕😕

10- Inverted P wave and T wave is seen in -

Myocardial infarction
Abnormal Q waves; ST segment elevation or depression; T waves inverted, normal, or upright.

Ischemia: ST segment depression; T wave inversion; Q waves absent.

about P wave inversion ,they are retrograde conduction.
http://books.google.ca/books?id=Mui...v=onepage&q=Inverted P wave seen in&f=false


11- U wave corresponds to ??
it represents the last remnants of ventricular repolarization. Inverted or prominent U waves indicates underlying pathology or conditions affecting repolarization


thank you ...

 

[Cindrella]

@ thanks a lott teethie and perfectionist ... really appreciate your response. could you also help mw with this- how do i solve these type of Q's... i remember d technique vaguely but need to kno the right way again....



An autosomal dominant trait showing 50 percent penetrance will be phenotypically expressed in what percent of the offspring?

1. 0
2. 25.. ANSWER
3. 33
4. 50
5. 75

 

[pb2007]

Hi pb2007, how was your exam?? hope you did well.

yes teethie ,i finally finished writing .

although my day didnt start off very well coz i had trouble at prometric with my name id proof as i registered with old name n bought ids carrying my new surname so future test seekers tk cr to aviod these last min hassels ..

exam wasnt that tough as i though ,it was pretty much the same standard like the present asda exms,but again saying easy or tough depends how clear you are with your concepts ,as i repeated this exm so topics which didnt get into my brain last time wen they turned up this time it felt lot easier . rest there were lots of ques which no matter how well prepared we are but u could only do those frm what we'v learnt in our previous yrs in clinics ,some logic ques .

so overall the best way to do well is be clear with ur concepts n practice as many ques as you can .participating in discussion here helped me a lot .
thanks alot teethie,cindrella,bratdoc ,annie n all the active contributers ,u guys have been a great help specially my last min doubts ,wonder what would have i done if u all were not around.
all the very best to those whose exm is approaching near.👍

 

[perfectionist1]

yes teethie ,i finally finished writing .

although my day didnt start off very well coz i had trouble at prometric with my name id proof as i registered with old name n bought ids carrying my new surname so future test seekers tk cr to aviod these last min hassels ..

exam wasnt that tough as i though ,it was pretty much the same standard like the present asda exms,but again saying easy or tough depends how clear you are with your concepts ,as i repeated this exm so topics which didnt get into my brain last time wen they turned up this time it felt lot easier . rest there were lots of ques which no matter how well prepared we are but u could only do those frm what we'v learnt in our previous yrs in clinically ,some logic ques .

so overall the best way to do well is be clear with ur concepts n practice as many ques as you can .participating in discussion here helped me a lot .
thanks alot teethie,cindrella,bratdoc ,annie n all the active contributers ,u guys have been a great help specially my last min doubts ,wonder what would have i done if u all were not around.
all the very best to those whose exm is approaching near.👍

congratulations pb.....thanks for ur feedbck.waiting to hear ur score soon....wid a banana dance🙂

 

[pb2007]

congratulations pb.....thanks for ur feedbck.waiting to hear ur score soon....wid a banana dance🙂

thnks annie,jst hoping i will end with better score this time .

 

[wdent]

Congrat.pb
Wish u all best on ur results..🙂

 

[Cindrella]

@ pb2007 all the best for your results 🙂




Acute biliary obstruction produces a rise in

1. urobilinogen in urine.
2. urobilinogen in stool.
3. conjugated bilirubin in urine.
4. conjugated bilirubin in serum.
5. unconjugated bilirubin in serum.

how do i rule out option in with regards to bilirubin?

A hemorrhagic tendency is seldom seen in which of the following conditions?

1. Scurvy
2. Acute leukemia
3. Renal insufficiency
4. Hepatic insufficiency
5. Secondary thrombocytopenia

How do i rule oout again ...pls explain

 

[perfectionist1]

@ thanks a lott teethie and perfectionist ... really appreciate your response. could you also help mw with this- how do i solve these type of Q's... i remember d technique vaguely but need to kno the right way again....




An autosomal dominant trait showing 50 percent penetrance will be phenotypically expressed in what percent of the offspring?

1. 0
2. 25.. ANSWER
3. 33
4. 50---answer😕.....each offspring has 50% chances.

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=...&resnum=5&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false

and for glucose intake and na-k pump check this link:
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=...&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

[pb2007]

Pls Explain !!

1- What happens to the glucose uptake in luminal membrane if u inhibit Na/K pump on basal membrane ?

2-What happens to the arterial oxygen concentration in Carbon monoxide poisoning ?

3- Example of simple gland ( 1 secretion 1 duct ) in human body ?

4-Marker for osteoclastic activity is ?

5-What is polyadenylation ?

6-Monoamine oxidase 🙁

7- Is there something like HBcAb ? If yes, when is it positive / negative ?
What does it indicate ?

8-Any cell other than RBC that does not contain mitochondria ?

9-An example each of Uniport ( is this co transport ? ) and Symport ?

10- Inverted P wave and T wave is seen in -

11- U wave corresponds to ??




thank you ...

1- What happens to the glucose uptake in luminal membrane if u inhibit Na/K pump on basal membrane ?


on luminal side the glucose uptake is sec active transport n sodium is diffusion frm high luminal side to lower side inside the cell.

if na/k pump is blocked on basal side this mech on luminal side will stop too coz on basal side na is being pumped out so conc of sodium less inside cell which drives sodium frm luminal side to come inside so glucose is driving benefit from that electrochemical difference created by na/k+ pump n haing sec active transport on luminal side .
In secondary active transport, in contrast to primary active transport, there is no direct coupling of ATP; instead, the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions out of the cell is used. [1]
The two main forms of this are antiport and symport.


9-An example each of Uniport ( is this co transport ? ) and Symport ?
A uniporter is an integral membrane protein that is involved in facilitated diffusion. They can be either a channel or a carrier protein.

 

[pb2007]

@ pb2007 all the best for your results 🙂





Acute biliary obstruction produces a rise in

1. urobilinogen in urine.
2. urobilinogen in stool.
3. conjugated bilirubin in urine.
4. conjugated bilirubin in serum......................answer
5. unconjugated bilirubin in serum.

how do i rule out option in with regards to bilirubin?


A hemorrhagic tendency is seldom seen in which of the following conditions?

1. Scurvy
2. Acute leukemia
3. Renal insufficiency
4. Hepatic insufficiency
5. Secondary thrombocytopenia

How do i rule oout again ...pls explain

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNbca1vxa5c&p=9B375B77739B448F&playnext=1&index=2
check this vedio for bilirubin.

 

[perfectionist1]

🙂



A hemorrhagic tendency is seldom seen in which of the following conditions?

1. Scurvy
2. Acute leukemia
3. Renal insufficiency-----ANSWER😕 (coz this is the only option not related to clotting factors😕)
4. Hepatic insufficiency....hepatic failure...deficiency of clottin factors.
5. Secondary thrombocytopenia....

How do i rule oout again ...pls explain

.......

 

[briansle]

[/I]

[/QUOTE]

This is a good question. At the first glance anyone would think that VD decreases BUT actually the VD would increase in going from maximum IC to CR....
My reasoning is that if you check the Posselt's envelope of motion then:
ICP= Most Superior position
CR or Retruded position=Posterior position which is also lower than ICP
Since the Posselt's envelope of motion shows the most border/outermost movements of the jaws hence the fact that ICP is the MOST SUPERIOR position proves that it is the position with the LEAST VD
And the point of maximum opening is the point with Maximum VD

So the ANSWER= Increase in Vertical Dimension[/QUOTE]

When say CR, you don't mean "centric relation" right?

Because centric relation "CR" is not the most retruded position, but it is the most anterior superior position in the glenoid fossa.

Posselt's envelope of motion has no relevance to CR. Because CR is the, relationship between max and mand, irrespective of teeth.

Not tryin to be an a-hole. Just wanted to know what you meant by CR.

VD increases from ICP to Maximum retrusion due to the cusps of teeth.

 

[briansle]

Question 53 of 100

Which of the following represents the pH of a solution that has a 10-3 M concentration of OH- ion?

1. 5
2. 7
3. 9 -ans
4. Determinable only if the pka is known.
5. Determinable only if the base composition is known.

???

 

[briansle]

An autosomal dominant trait showing 50 percent penetrance will be phenotypically expressed in what percent of the offspring?

1. 0
2. 25.. ANSWER
3. 33
4. 50---answer.....each offspring has 50% chances.


The answer is 25%. In Autosomal Dominant Traits, each child has a 50% chance of getting the disease. 50% Penetrance means even though the child has the gene for the disease, he only has another 50% chance of showing its symptoms.

So it's .5 x .5. That's .25

 

[perfectionist1]

Hey thanx for the explanation above.
n with CR he/she meant centric relation only.N isnt centric relation the most retruded/posterior position???
Def: the relation of the mandible to the maxillae when the condyles are in their most posterosuperior unstrained positions in the glenoid fossae, from which lateral movements can be made at the occluding vertical relation normal for the individual.

 

[dentest18]

pH + pOH =14,10-3 OH- means pOH=3 ,So pH should be 11..which is nowhere in the options...although the nearest is 9

 

[bratdoc]

yes teethie ,i finally finished writing .

although my day didnt start off very well coz i had trouble at prometric with my name id proof as i registered with old name n bought ids carrying my new surname so future test seekers tk cr to aviod these last min hassels ..

exam wasnt that tough as i though ,it was pretty much the same standard like the present asda exms,but again saying easy or tough depends how clear you are with your concepts ,as i repeated this exm so topics which didnt get into my brain last time wen they turned up this time it felt lot easier . rest there were lots of ques which no matter how well prepared we are but u could only do those frm what we'v learnt in our previous yrs in clinics ,some logic ques .

so overall the best way to do well is be clear with ur concepts n practice as many ques as you can .participating in discussion here helped me a lot .
thanks alot teethie,cindrella,bratdoc ,annie n all the active contributers ,u guys have been a great help specially my last min doubts ,wonder what would have i done if u all were not around.
all the very best to those whose exm is approaching near.👍

Thank you for the feedback pb2007!!! All The Best with your Scores! 👍

 

[briansle]

Hey thanx for the explanation above.
n with CR he/she meant centric relation only.N isnt centric relation the most retruded/posterior position???
Def: the relation of the mandible to the maxillae when the condyles are in their most posterosuperior unstrained positions in the glenoid fossae, from which lateral movements can be made at the occluding vertical relation normal for the individual.

Hmm... Not 100% sure, but I think CR is the most anterior, superior position. I used to think it was the most posterosuperior position too, because I thought it's the most natural position for a jaw with no teeth. But I think it may be the most ant/sup.

I went through my entire occlusion class not knowing what CR was, and somehow I passed. When we were practicing reaching CR on each other, I just shoved my lab partner's jaw as far back as I could, and thought that was CR.

 

[perfectionist1]

Hmm... Not 100% sure, but I think CR is the most anterior, superior position. I used to think it was the most posterosuperior position too, because I thought it's the most natural position for a jaw with no teeth. But I think it may be the most ant/sup.

I went through my entire occlusion class not knowing what CR was, and somehow I passed. When we were practicing reaching CR on each other, I just shoved my lab partner's jaw as far back as I could, and thought that was CR.

hahaha....i guess most of us do dat to record the CR.
btw what other CR were u talkin abt earlier...other than the centric relation???😕

 

[Cindrella]

@ that video was great pb2007 thank you ...

Which of the following represents the phenotypic expression of both alleles in a gene pair?

1. Penetrance
2. Lyonization
3. Codominance .. answer by ASDA
4. Hybridization
5. Heterozygosity

what do the other terms mean

 

[Cindrella]

.......

oh yes 🙂 thanks annie .. i think i am havin a system breakdown already 👍thanks.

 

[perfectionist1]

@ that video was great pb2007 thank you ...


Which of the following represents the phenotypic expression of both alleles in a gene pair?

1. Penetrance - the frequency with which a heritable trait is manifested by individuals carrying the principal gene or genes
2. Lyonization -The inactivation of an X chromosome.
3. Codominance .. answer by ASDA-A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive.
   (guess the definition givs the answer)
4. Hybridization- cross breed in simple terms
5. Heterozygosity-Having different alleles at one or more corresponding chromosomal loci

what do the other terms mean

👍...relx cindrella....dont get so tensed.
n instead of goin wid the definition...try for the literal meanin of the word like co-dominance:two things dominating 2gether and the questn itself mention "expression of both" so theres ur hint and dont stress 2much! u will do gud.

 

[Cindrella]

An autosomal dominant trait showing 50 percent penetrance will be phenotypically expressed in what percent of the offspring?

1. 0
2. 25.. ANSWER
3. 33
4. 50---answer.....each offspring has 50% chances.


The answer is 25%. In Autosomal Dominant Traits, each child has a 50% chance of getting the disease. 50% Penetrance means even though the child has the gene for the disease, he only has another 50% chance of showing its symptoms.

So it's .5 x .5. That's .25

👍 thank you

1. Glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei seen in
2. Hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells seen in
3. Developmental arrest of lymphocytes -
4. Defective VH gene recombination to DJH -
5. Bare lymphocytes (no Class I/Il antigens) -
6. Arachidonic acid gives rise to econosoides right..
7. How does pannus in rheumatoid arth present itself ? whats tophus ?
8. 
   
   
   
   
   Which of the following is thought to be of MOST significance in the etiology of microangiopathy in an uncontrolled diabetic?
   1. Genetics
   2. Hypertension
   3. Blood glucose levels
   4. Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
   5. Direct effect of insulin deficiency on endothelium
9. Why does pancreatic carcinoma have poor prognosis ?
10. when we say a pt is non compliant to diabetic regimen and suffers a FALL due to insulin reaction .. what exactly is happening here ??
11. Emphysema decreases the surface area and causes destruction if the septa .. agreed but how can it increase the compliance of lungs ?
12. Each of the following is a likely long-term complication of poorly controlled type I diabetes mellitus EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
    1. Pancreatic carcinoma .. answer ??
    2. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
    3. Proliferative retinopathy
    4. Nodular glomerulosclerosis
    5. Peripheral symmetric neuropathy
13. How can gynacomastia attribute to hepatic failure .. not able to think of a connection

Can someone pls tell me the pathogenesis of complications of DM in brief ...thank you n sorry for the trouble... @ annie -- very soon...

 

[Cindrella]

👍...relx cindrella....dont get so tensed.
n instead of goin wid the definition...try for the literal meanin of the word like co-dominance:two things dominating 2gether and the questn itself mention "expression of both" so theres ur hint and dont stress 2much! u will do gud.

Thank you annie 🙂 really appreciate your efforts ...genetics and neuroanatomy block me out ! and now patho is blocking me out 😉 will folllow ur suggestion 👍

 

[perfectionist1]

Thank you annie 🙂 really appreciate your efforts ...genetics and neuroanatomy block me out ! and now patho is blocking me out 😉 will folllow ur suggestion 👍

btw wen is ur big day?how close...

 

[teethie]

Hi pb2007, thank you for sharing your experience. Wish you all the very best for scores.👍👍👍👍

I believe you did a lot better than before. your contribution in this thread has been awesome, and many future test takers will be benefitted from it.🙂

 

[teethie]

few i know:

👍 thank you

1. Glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei seen in
2. Hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells seen in
3. Developmental arrest of lymphocytes -
4. Defective VH gene recombination to DJH -
5. Bare lymphocytes (no Class I/Il antigens) -
6. Arachidonic acid gives rise to econosoides right..
7. How does pannus in rheumatoid arth present itself ? whats tophus ?
8. 
   Which of the following is thought to be of MOST significance in the etiology of microangiopathy in an uncontrolled diabetic?
   1. Genetics
   2. Hypertension
   3. Blood glucose levels
   4. Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
   5. Direct effect of insulin deficiency on endothelium---answer🙂
9. Why does pancreatic carcinoma have poor prognosis ?-----no clinically signs seen earlier in stages🙂
10. when we say a pt is non compliant to diabetic regimen and suffers a FALL due to insulin reaction .. what exactly is happening here ??

---hypoglycemia is occuring.

1. Emphysema decreases the surface area and causes destruction if the septa .. agreed but how can it increase the compliance of lungs ?------------read physiology kaplan, cant remember now.
2. Each of the following is a likely long-term complication of poorly controlled type I diabetes mellitus EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
   1. Pancreatic carcinoma .. answer ??---yes ur right🙂
   2. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
   3. Proliferative retinopathy
   4. Nodular glomerulosclerosis
   5. Peripheral symmetric neuropathy
3. How can gynacomastia attribute to hepatic failure .. ---actually its a sign in cirrhotic liver so may be thats the reation🙂
4. not able to think of a connection

Can someone pls tell me the pathogenesis of complications of DM in brief ...thank you n sorry for the trouble... @ annie -- very soon...

 

[teethie]

Hi PB2007, CAN U PL EXPLAIN THE difference between uniport an d symport becuase both are involving facilitated diffusion?????

1- What happens to the glucose uptake in luminal membrane if u inhibit Na/K pump on basal membrane ?

on luminal side the glucose uptake is sec active transport n sodium is diffusion frm high luminal side to lower side inside the cell.

if na/k pump is blocked on basal side this mech on luminal side will stop too coz on basal side na is being pumped out so conc of sodium less inside cell which drives sodium frm luminal side to come inside so glucose is driving benefit from that electrochemical difference created by na/k+ pump n haing sec active transport on luminal side .
In secondary active transport, in contrast to primary active transport, there is no direct coupling of ATP; instead, the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions out of the cell is used. [1]
The two main forms of this are antiport and symport.


9-An example each of Uniport ( is this co transport ? ) and Symport ?
A uniporter is an integral membrane protein that is involved in facilitated diffusion. They can be either a channel or a carrier protein.