Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[make you smile]

where is the oldest dentin?

where is the oldest enamel ?

what is the action of posterior temporalis ??
retrod
retrod and elevate both not sure ?
protrode

The oldest enamel is situated at the dentino-enamel junction underlying the cusp/cingulum of a tooth.The oldest dentin is also located at the DEJ.

Temporalis consists of anterior and posterior fibres.The anterior fibres along with masseter and medial pterygoid elevate the mandible.The posterior fibres retrude the protruded mandible.

 

[karma77]

The oldest enamel is situated at the dentino-enamel junction underlying the cusp/cingulum of a tooth.The oldest dentin is also located at the DEJ.

Temporalis consists of anterior and posterior fibres.The anterior fibres along with masseter and medial pterygoid elevate the mandible.The posterior fibres retrude the protruded mandible.

thanks alot

2 more q

where is the boundries of retropharyngeal space ? I know for sure that laeral is carotid sheath , how bout medial and sup and inf ???

when blood enters the cronary arteries ?
I know for sure that is not during left ventricle contraction
it might be during late diastul am i RIGHT?

THANKS IN ADVANCE

 

[pbkal]

thanks alot

2 more q

where is the boundries of retropharyngeal space ? I know for sure that laeral is carotid sheath , how bout medial and sup and inf ???

when blood enters the cronary arteries ?
I know for sure that is not during left ventricle contraction
it might be during late diastul am i RIGHT?

THANKS IN ADVANCE

yess,u r right......blood enters coronary arteries during ventricular diastole.

 

[jr8047]

assuming that p(50)=26 torrs under condtions where pO(2)=30 torrs, the average number of o2 molecules bound per hemoglobin molecule is closes to:
a. .5
b. less than 1
c. almost 2
d. greater than 2
e. greater than 3

plz explain??

 

[pbkal]

assuming that p(50)=26 torrs under condtions where pO(2)=30 torrs, the average number of o2 molecules bound per hemoglobin molecule is closes to:
a. .5
b. less than 1
c. almost 2
d. greater than 2-answer
e. greater than 3

plz explain??

hope this helps........

 

[firasoblast]

assuming that p(50)=26 torrs under condtions where pO(2)=30 torrs, the average number of o2 molecules bound per hemoglobin molecule is closes to:
a. .5
b. less than 1
c. almost 2
d. greater than 2
e. greater than 3

plz explain??

P(50) = 26 torrs , this represent when Hb is half saturated with O2. normally Hb is bound to 4 O2 molecules. so half means 2 molecules.
when Po2 is 30 torrs that makes more o2 molecules to be bound to Hb so it's greater than 2. I can't simplify it more.

 

[jr8047]

omg that was so simple! thank you firablast!!

 

[karma77]

what is the inclination of maxillary molar crown ?
mesially and lingually
facially and distally ?
facially and mesially

which one is most likely to have bifurcated root?
mandibular canin
mandibular lateral
I think they both have likely to be bifurcated but mand canin is more am I right???

 

[firasoblast]

what is the inclination of maxillary molar crown ?
mesially and lingually
facially and distally ?
facially and mesially

which one is most likely to have bifurcated root?
mandibular canine 6% to have bifurcated root
mandibular lateral 1-2%
I think they both have likely to be bifurcated but mand canin is more am I right???

.

 

[Cindrella]

it is the primary mandibular first molar

how can permanent mandibular first molar be the most atypical.. plz explain !!

 

[Cindrella]

pls correct wrong answers...

Q5 Compare labial n lingual height of contour of permanent Max central incisor with Mx canine ,the canine heights of contour are:
1. less
2. equal-answer
3. greater
4. different for labial n lingual

I think the answer shud b GREATER ... can sum1 explain the answer plzz

 

[karma77]

Q5 Compare labial n lingual height of contour of permanent Max central incisor with Mx canine ,the canine heights of contour are:
1. less
2. equal-answer
3. greater
4. different for labial n lingual

I think the answer shud b GREATER ... can sum1 explain the answer plzz

I think the answer is greater , there is a table in wheelers book table 1-1 , , based on that , max central incisors has baculingual in cervix is 6 mm and in max canine is 7mm ,

 

[karma77]

in lateral excertion maxillary first molar cusp distolingual and distobucal pass which part of mandibular molars?



in lateral movement mandibular first molar cusp mesiobuccal and mesiolingual pass which part of maxillary mollars?


each of the following is normally exhibit by mandibular incisors except one ?

cingula
mamelon
lingua fossa
maginal ridge
imbrication lines

I think answer should ne lingual fossa , because as far as I know all teeth have marginal ridge am I right?

thanks in advance

 

[karma77]

.

I read in okesion that maxillary moalrs crown incline distally and facially , are you sure about your answer?????😕😕

 

[dominant]

in lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion, the mesial ridge of the mandibular 1st PM contacts the

1. distolingual S. of maxillary canine
2. distolingual slope of buccal cusp of maxillary PM 1st
3. mesiolingual slope of buccal cusp of maxillary 1st PM answer? why?/
4. none of the above.

can someone explain this

1.the contact area that is most nearly circular is located on the crown of which of the foll. p.molars
a.mesial of 1st
b.distal of 1st
c.mesial of second
d.distal of second

pls explain this also

Which of the following describes the proper axial inclination of the palatal root of a maxillary 2 molar?

A. Vertical answer
B. Mesial and Lingual
C. Mesial and Facial
D. Distal and Facial
E. Distal and Lingual

Each of the following structures is normally exhibited by mandibular incisors EXCEPT one. Which one is this exception ?

a. Cingula
b. Mamelons
c. Lingual Fossae answer?
d. Marginal ridges
e. Imbrication lines

Each of the following root surfaces on a mandibular first molar normally exhibits a longitudinal groove EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION ?

Surface Root

a. Mesial Mesial
b. Distal Mesial
c. Mesial Distal
d. Distal Distal answer

which of the following best describe a mandibular right canine from the facial aspect with root pointing down?
the longest incisal slop is to the viewers right
the shortest incisal slope is to the viewers right
please explain this q and let me know if there is any rules for that😕



I got this q from the other part of forum , can someone confirm it
thanks

 

[karma77]

can someone explain rules of sight for maxillary and mandibular teeth ??

I found this in forum but I am not sure about mandibular let me know about mandibular thanks


The "Rule of Singh" is designed to help determine whether a MAXILLARY tooth viewed from the occlusal is from the right or the left side of the mouth. Arrange the diagram so the lingual side is closer to your chest and the buccal side is away from your chest. If the mesial side is now on viewers left, the tooth is from the left side of the mouth. If the mesial is on your right, the tooth is from the right side of the mouth.

how bout mandibular??is that same??

 

[dentimax]

i think PTH is the most responsible hormone for Ca metabolism.
So ans is PTH.

And mastication - 'tear drop' like shape

Correct me if i m wrong

smilewhite,

The PTH and calcitonin help regulate blood calcium levels. Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts, thus decreasing blood calcium levels.

 

[born to win]

1 type of load on teeth that is most destructive to periodontium
vertical
oblique
horizontal

2 a pt undergoes an extraction of mand first molar,what wud hapn- mesial movt of mand 2 molar,distal movt of 2pm,both,none

 

[make you smile]

1 type of load on teeth that is most destructive to periodontium
vertical
oblique--answer
horizontal

The reason I think oblique is the answer is because vertical forces are counteracted by oblique and apical fibers and horizontal forces are counteracted by alveolar crestal and horizontal fibers. Not sure which fibers resist oblique forces.

2 a pt undergoes an extraction of mand first molar,what wud hapn- mesial movt of mand 2 molar,distal movt of 2pm,both,none

Mesial movement of mandibular second molar because teeth tend to move mesially.

Please correct me if I am wrong.

 

[firasoblast]

I read in okesion that maxillary moalrs crown incline distally and facially , are you sure about your answer?????😕😕

that's right.

 

[firasoblast]

1 type of load on teeth that is most destructive to periodontium
vertical
oblique
horizontal
Ref - Carranza's Clinical Periodontology 2001

2 a pt undergoes an extraction of mand first molar,what wud hapn- mesial movt of mand 2 molar,distal movt of 2pm,both,none

.

 

[LBU]

there is reticulospianl tracts in extrapyramidal tracts ,and reticulospinal tracts are also in descending tracts if they are same tracts why they have different fucntion,i am talking about decks.somebody explain.thanks

 

[dominant]

in lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion, the mesial ridge of the mandibular 1st PM contacts the

1. distolingual S. of maxillary canine
2. distolingual slope of buccal cusp of maxillary PM 1st
3. mesiolingual slope of buccal cusp of maxillary 1st PM answer? why?/
4. none of the above.

can someone explain this

1.the contact area that is most nearly circular is located on the crown of which of the foll. p.molars
a.mesial of 1st
b.distal of 1st
c.mesial of second
d.distal of second

pls explain this also

Which of the following describes the proper axial inclination of the palatal root of a maxillary 2 molar?

A. Vertical answer
B. Mesial and Lingual
C. Mesial and Facial
D. Distal and Facial
E. Distal and Lingual

Each of the following structures is normally exhibited by mandibular incisors EXCEPT one. Which one is this exception ?

a. Cingula
b. Mamelons
c. Lingual Fossae answer?
d. Marginal ridges
e. Imbrication lines

Each of the following root surfaces on a mandibular first molar normally exhibits a longitudinal groove EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION ?

Surface Root

a. Mesial Mesial
b. Distal Mesial
c. Mesial Distal
d. Distal Distal answer

which of the following best describe a mandibular right canine from the facial aspect with root pointing down?
the longest incisal slop is to the viewers right
the shortest incisal slope is to the viewers right
please explain this q and let me know if there is any rules for that😕



I got this q from the other part of forum , can someone confirm it
thanks

can somebody kindly answer above questions and these new q

1- Aprevotella intermedia is first detectable in the oral cavity

1.at birth

2. adolescence

3. immediately before periodontal disease

4. long after periodontal disease appears

i think its 2 plz confirm it

2- bicarbonat to co2 is 20:1 , if it becomes 10:1 it means?
- compensate acidosis
- compensate alkalosis
-uncompensated alkalosis not sure
uncompensated acidosis

can you explain the answer

3-what is the most complication of maxilllary first premolar extraction

broken roots not sure
going into max sinus

thanks in advance........

 

[karma77]

what is the inclination of maxillary molar relative to long axis of the root ?

can somebody explain the asnwer and let me know how they consider long axis of the root , is that from Cervical line to apex of each root?
I was wonder if this inclination is same as inclination relative to alveolar bone ??/😕😕

 

[pbkal]

Q5 Compare labial n lingual height of contour of permanent Max central incisor with Mx canine ,the canine heights of contour are:
1. less
2. equal-answer
3. greater
4. different for labial n lingual

I think the answer shud b GREATER ... can sum1 explain the answer plzz

i think it shud be eual as ans.
becos both max CI and max Canine have heights of contour in the cervical 3rd on facial and lingual side..
pls correct if im wrong.....

 

[Venkatcpp]

i

Each of the following structures is normally exhibited by mandibular incisors EXCEPT one. Which one is this exception ?

a. Cingula
b. Mamelons
c. Lingual Fossae
d. Marginal ridges(answer)
e. Imbrication lines
coz...
Mandibular Central Incisor

Facial: The mandibular central incisor is the smallest tooth in the dental arch. It is a long, narrow, symmetrical tooth. The incisal edge is straight. Mesial and distal outlines descend apically from the sharp mesial and distal incisal angles.

Lingual: The lingual surface has no definate marginal ridges. The surface is concave and the cingulum is minimal in size.

Proximal: Both mesial land distal surfaces present a triangular outline.

Incisal: The incisal edge is at right angles to a line passing labiolingually through the tooth reflecting its bilateral symmetry.

http://www.uic.edu/classes/orla/orla312/INCISORS.htm

hope i m right....

 

[aspiring dentis]

pls correct wrong answers....

can plz explain the ans

 

[topaiz]

1) Which of the following hormones causes the dilation of kidney arteries :
a)Histamine
b)vasopressin
c)epinephrine.
etc

2)What stop mouth from overopening?

3)If the cocentration of the OAAdecreases then what happens?
a)cori cycle
b)TCA cycle
c)glycolysis is there
d)ketone bodies increases.

4)Collegen brerakdown which all enz are involved?

5)Cell death in aganulocytosisis due to what?
a)agammaglobilemia
b)neutropenia
c)bacterimia

5)fused roots usually seen in which tooth?
a)Mand canine
b)mand LI
c)max LI
d)max canine

6)in gout the Great toe is due to?
a)RA(rheumatoid artheritis)
b)myalgia
c)osteoartheritis

7)Osteoclast resemble what?
a)cementoclast
b)odontoclast
c)macrophase
d)osteocyte
e)odontoblast.

8)Pencil shaped clots are seen in whic pathology?

9)Biological effect of Gh factor from liver?

 

[karma77]

strech reflex makes muscle relax or contracted????

arterioles affect total peripheral resistance in what way ? decrease or increase

please answer these 2 q
thanks people

 

[gudluk]

pencil shaped clots seen in pulmonary embolism

 

[gudluk]

can somebody kindly answer above questions and these new q

1- Aprevotella intermedia is first detectable in the oral cavity

1.at birth

2. adolescence(answer)

3. immediately before periodontal disease

4. long after periodontal disease appears

i think its 2 plz confirm it

2- bicarbonat to co2 is 20:1 , if it becomes 10:1 it means?
- compensate acidosis
- compensate alkalosis
-uncompensated alkalosis not sure
uncompensated acidosis(answer)

explaination-
normal bicarbonate/CO2 ratio is 20:1
since in the given scenario only bicarbonate levels r changed so it has to be uncompensated since there is no change in CO2 levels to compensate for the change in bicarbonate ions.
Acidosis because bicarbonate levels have gone down so if u compare it with the normal ratio CO2 levels r still the same

Hope i was able to make it some what clear

can you explain the answer

3-what is the most complication of maxilllary first premolar extraction

broken roots not sure(ans)
going into max sinus

 

[LBU]

1) Which of the following hormones causes the dilation of kidney arteries :
a)Histamine
b)vasopressin
c)epinephrine.
etc

2)What stop mouth from overopening?

3)If the cocentration of the OAAdecreases then what happens?
a)cori cycle
b)TCA cycle
c)glycolysis is there
d)ketone bodies increases.

4)Collegen brerakdown which all enz are involved?

5)Cell death in aganulocytosisis due to what?
a)agammaglobilemia
b)neutropenia
c)bacterimia

5)fused roots usually seen in which tooth?
a)Mand canine
b)mand LI
c)max LI
d)max canine

6)in gout the Great toe is due to?
a)RA(rheumatoid artheritis)
b)myalgia
c)osteoartheritis

7)Osteoclast resemble what?
a)cementoclast
b)odontoclast
c)macrophase
d)osteocyte
e)odontoblast.

8)Pencil shaped clots are seen in whic pathology?

9)Biological effect of Gh factor from liver?

bone growth

 

[LBU]

strech reflex makes muscle relax or contracted????

arterioles affect total peripheral resistance in what way ? decrease or increase

please answer these 2 q
thanks people

contract
depends

 

[pbkal]

strech reflex makes muscle relax or contracted????

arterioles affect total peripheral resistance in what way ? decrease or increase

please answer these 2 q
thanks people

arterioles r the vessels providing highest resistance to blood flow.....so,i think they increase the total peripheral resistance.

pls correct if im wrong..

 

[pbkal]

1) Which of the following hormones causes the dilation of kidney arteries :
a)Histamine-ans
b)vasopressin
c)epinephrine.
etc

2)What stop mouth from overopening?-coronoid process of mandible

3)If the cocentration of the OAAdecreases then what happens?
a)cori cycle
b)TCA cycle
c)glycolysis is there
d)ketone bodies increases.

4)Collegen brerakdown which all enz are involved?

5)Cell death in aganulocytosisis due to what?
a)agammaglobilemia
b)neutropenia-answer
c)bacterimia

5)fused roots usually seen in which tooth?
a)Mand canine-ans
b)mand LI
c)max LI
d)max canine

6)in gout the Great toe is due to?
a)RA(rheumatoid artheritis)
b)myalgia
c)osteoartheritis

7)Osteoclast resemble what?
a)cementoclast-answer
b)odontoclast
c)macrophase
d)osteocyte
e)odontoblast.

8)Pencil shaped clots are seen in whic pathology?

9)Biological effect of Gh factor from liver?

pls post right answers....

 

[LBU]

strech reflex makes muscle relax or contracted????

arterioles affect total peripheral resistance in what way ? decrease or increase

please answer these 2 q
thanks people

resistance is offered by arterioles in the periphery hence called totalperipheral resistance.correct.

 

[firasoblast]

Which of the following describes the principal mechanism by which glucocorticoids stimulate their target cells?
A. They activate specific genes. this is the key answer
B. They activate initiation factors for protein synthesis.
C. They increase the intracellular Ca++ concentration.
D. They allostericaily modify adenylate cyclase activity.
E. They bind to cell membrane receptors and activate adenylate cyclase.

anybody can explain this please

 

[LBU]

Which of the following describes the principal mechanism by which glucocorticoids stimulate their target cells?
A. They activate specific genes. this is the key answer
B. They activate initiation factors for protein synthesis.
C. They increase the intracellular Ca++ concentration.
D. They allostericaily modify adenylate cyclase activity.
E. They bind to cell membrane receptors and activate adenylate cyclase.

anybody can explain this please

cortisol-acts by binding to intracellular receptor.hence A is right

 

[firasoblast]

cortisol-acts by binding to intracellular receptor.hence A is right

I know that lipid soluble hormones diffuse through the membrane and act on intracellular receptor. this is completely understandable due to the chemical composition of these hormones and the outer membrane of the target cell. but why would only steroids activate specific genes and directly affect DNA functions and not the water soluble.

 

[LBU]

both activate dna for specific functions.its not steroid hormones alone.correct me if i am wrong.

 

[LBU]

I know that lipid soluble hormones diffuse through the membrane and act on intracellular receptor. this is completely understandable due to the chemical composition of these hormones and the outer membrane of the target cell. but why would only steroids activate specific genes and directly affect DNA functions and not the water soluble.

coming to your question,i guess it depends on the structure of steroid and waster soluble hormones as each protein has specific structure for specific function.

 

[d dimps]

1)what does stapedectomy improves:
basilar membrane association - semicircular canal endolymph movment -
tectomembrane vibration - cell deformation

2) which type of ketone bodies cannot be used by brain tissue

3) a patient was set for an expiremental diet, low in carbohydrates,
high of leucine, was given all necessary vitamins
this patient wil form ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, inc nitrogen
balance, synthesis carbohydrate from leucine

 

[LBU]

1)what does stapedectomy improves:
Basilar membrane association - semicircular canal endolymph movment -
tectomembrane vibration - cell deformation

2) which type of ketone bodies cannot be used by brain tissue acetone

3) a patient was set for an expiremental diet, low in carbohydrates,
high of leucine, was given all necessary vitamins
this patient wil form ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, inc nitrogen balance
synthesis carbohydrate from leucine

 

[dentistus]

1)what does stapedectomy improves:
basilar membrane association - semicircular canal endolymph movment -
tectomembrane vibration - cell deformation

2) which type of ketone bodies cannot be used by brain tissue
acetone

3) a patient was set for an expiremental diet, low in carbohydrates,
high of leucine, was given all necessary vitamins
this patient wil form ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, inc nitrogen
balance, synthesis carbohydrate from leucine[/quote

plz correct me if i m wrong

 

[LBU]

Iguess its increase in nitrogen balance too

 

[nummo]

could u plz answer this:
what is the most common cause of damage to blood vessels in vasculitis?
A) activation of complement
B)phagocytosis of immune complexes by RE system.

 

[TOM_24]

Hi guys ,

I will be glad if any body could clear this for me :

In mandibular First molars how many canals you would expect :

A) 3
B) 4


in maxillary First molar how many canals you would expect :

A) 3
B) 4



I just need to know because ideally speaking , maxillary first molar is 3 root with 3 root canal but with high percentage to find 4th canals (75 % ), so we should say 4 canals or 3 canals ??? not to mention sometime it might be 5 canals (very rare)

same to mandibular first molar , but the percentage to catch 4th canals is

40%, so what our answer should be ?? all possible canals or the just the normal cases ...


I will be appreciate your take on that ..🙂

Thank you in advance

 

[dentistus]

could u plz answer this:
what is the most common cause of damage to blood vessels in vasculitis?
A) activation of complement
B)phagocytosis of immune complexes by RE system.

vasculitis is example of type 3 hypersensitivity

Immune complexes lodge in the vessel wall, attracting polymorphonuclear leukocytes who in turn release tissue-degrading substances leading to an inflammatory process.

so ans 'll be B)phagocytosis of immune complexes by RE system.

plz correct me if i m wrong

 

[dentistus]

Hi guys ,

I will be glad if any body could clear this for me :

In mandibular First molars how many canals you would expect :

A) 3
B) 4


in maxillary First molar how many canals you would expect :

A) 3
B) 4



I just need to know because ideally speaking , maxillary first molar is 3 root with 3 root canal but with high percentage to find 4th canals (75 % ), so we should say 4 canals or 3 canals ??? not to mention sometime it might be 5 canals (very rare)

same to mandibular first molar , but the percentage to catch 4th canals is

40%, so what our answer should be ?? all possible canals or the just the normal cases ...


I will be appreciate your take on that ..🙂

Thank you in advance

hi
in max. 1st molar there r 3 roots & 90%( 4 canals)

in mand. molar there r 2 roots & mainly 3 canals
20% ( 4 canals also)
plz correct me if i m wrong

 

[nummo]

what happens to PDL fibers during:
A. compression
B. tension

plz explain.

Also,

A shift to the left in hematology indicates:
a. immature neutrophils
b. segmented neutrolphils

Thanks,