Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[dmn]

lymphatic fluid from infected tooth 32 initially drain into?
submandibular
deep cervical

??????

 

[vibhakar]

ans given is deep cervical

 

[vibhakar]

pain fibers in glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in??--
plz explain

 

[dmn]

pain fibers in glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in??--
plz explain

superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve.

 

[vibhakar]

Originally Posted by vibhakar
pain fibers in glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in??--
plz explain

superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve.
dmn
can u plz tell from where shd i read this information...wat is source of this inf

 

[vibhakar]

can u plz tell me source of this inf..from whr shd i read this

 

[dmn]

can u plz tell me source of this inf..from whr shd i read this

I am confused with this question, I was reading and it also says spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve... 😕
I really don't know the correct answer...🙁

I read this from a book (NDBE study guide) some people named the red book... if you want a copy let me know.

 

[dmn]

A maxillary right canine may be distinguished from a max left canine because:

1. the root always curves to the distal in the apical one third
2. the distal surface is fuller and more convex than the mesial surface
3. labially, the cusp tip is placed distal to a line which bisects the crown
and root
4. lingually the cervical line slopes mesially

 

[dmn]

1)10 wk trauma in pregnancy affects whr
2)azygous vein branches
3)sero mucous glands are wahat and present whr?

any answers????

2-Azygos vein drains venous blood from structures of the post abdominal and thoracic body wall. it is often formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and right subcostal vein or solely by the inf, vena cava.
right superior intercostal vein drains into the azygos vein

3- the crescents or demilunes of the mucous alveoli of the sublingual gland are composed of seromucous cells.

😕

 

[petergunns]

Hi. I took the boards last summer and Im retaking them this summer. These questions are ones that i am confused about and/or cannot find answers to. PLEASE help me answer these. They are legit new board questions. Below I have pasted over 150 questions/topics that my insane ass remembered after taking the test. hope they help. thanks.🙂

Goblet cells are not located in the appendix?
Third order neuron for proprioception in the mouth is in the cerebellum?(1trigeminal, 2mesenphalic)
How does the body control fluoride levels?
Prevotella present at birth? I don’t think so. I think adolescence.
What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses
First step of coagulation(thrombosis) inflammation of the endothelial?
Down syndrome cannot retrude lower lip. Why?
Centric relation is a bilateral something….. balance occlusion?
Which tooth is least likely to be bifurcated? Max canine?
Difference between the max right and left first premolar>
Which does not metastize to bone? tongue
What stage does dej form in tooth dev?
How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have?
Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?-primary mand first molar?
When does the sec molar begin calcifying?

1.Vertical and horizontal overlap
2.Uncompensated acidosis and alkalosis
Gingival mucosa-what does it consist of
Quinilone
Cusp height changes and ****
More venyettes
Which does not metastize to bone tongue?
What stage does dej form in tooth dev
How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have
Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?-primary mand first molar
When does the sec molar begin calcifying? (now that chart good)
Unilateral cleft lip all of them is the maxillary median nasal process
Which has a broader cervical ridge, perm or primary
Shape of the primary mandibular first molar does it have a distal triangular fossa?
Primary mandibular second molar has 5 cusps and the primary mandibular first has four
Primary canine mcr>dcr
Facial embrasures between max central and max lateral are bigger than lingual?
Radicular groove on the lingual of the max lateral
Difference between the max right and left first premolar
Cusp on mandibular canine is higher than the maxillary canine
Canine guidance
Nutritional supply to tmj-synovial fluid
Temporomandibular ligament attaches to the zygomatic process
What direction does the right condyle move in right cross bite-lateral?
Centric relation is a bilateral something…..
Which tooth is least likely to be bifurcated? Max canine?
How many canals does the man sec molar have? How many does the man first molar have?
Hutchinson teeth-syphilis
Down syndrome-microdontia
Renal insufficiency
Dysgeusia-decrease sense of taste
Dysarthia-decreas
Aphasia-disorder in the content of speech
Disarthia-disorder in the muscular of speech
Touch to the post 1/3 of the tongue is glossopharyngeal
Paccini convey
Alpha amylase breaks up starch In the mouth
Down syndrome cannot retrude lower lip. Why?
Anesthesia blocks na voltage channels inhibition
Residual volume capacity volume per minute question
Rheumatic fever heart valve problems
Pleural effusion
Facial view shows incisal cervical embrasures
– The incisal embrasure of the maxillary lateral/canine =greatest or longest
– The incisal embrasure of the maxillary canine/premolar=widest angle
Autonomy-give one their own law or rights to a decision
Blood supply from the stomach
Ductus arteriosus is located near the left recurrenty laryngeal nerve
Renal papilla into the renal pyramid
Cretz Jacob is a prion disease
Lung innervations para and sympathetic
Striated duct gets its name from enfolding and mitochondria
What develops the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. Occipital myotomes.
Pectoris major and minor form the anterior wall of the axilla?
Humerus fracture ****s with radial nerve yes!!!
What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses
First step of coagulation(thrombosis) inflammation of the endothelial?
Dopamine imbalance in the basal ganglia is parkinsons
Drug resistance is dependent on plasmids
Plasmid is needed for toxin production virulent in diphtheria
Mycoplasma lack cell wall
What is not in a serum sickness reaction? Neutrophils?
Patient has rales in his breathing-lombar pneumonia?
Prevotella present at birth? I don’t think so. I think adolescence.
Dextran from sucrose
Histoplasmosis is systemic
Paracortex consist of what part of the spleen?
Candiasis burning mouth syndrome
Diabetes mellitus is autoimmune
How does the body control fluoride levels
0.9 sodium chloride has the same osmolarity as plasma
Lingual nerve is anterial andmedial to inferior alveolar nerve
Rna polymerase binds to the tatabox initially
Cotton ball appearance elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in mandibleof 66 year old osteosarcoma?
Quality of the healing process depends on severity of the wound? Other choices were age, nutrition
Is vitamin K involved in collagen synthesis?
Hemophila A-8
Hemophila B-9
Von willenbrand –APTT
Anemia, bradycardia during pregnancy
Cyst in the neck are remnants of a thyroglossal duct.
Lower motor neuron lesion causes spastic paralysisd? Are they only ipsilateral?
Ptergomandibular raphe attaches mylohyoid line to hamulus
Which tooth has the greatest MD curvature? Max lateral incisor?
What is the common theme in max third molars despite their variablitlty?
Muscle spindles are for stretch reflex
Esophagus begins below the hyoid bone
Hamulus acts as a pully for the tensor veli palatine
Nerve innervations to tmj is via the auriculotemporal
Hypokalemia would result in hyperpolarization?
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid are from ansacervalis and geniohyoid is not.
Sellaturcia is above the sphenoid sinus
Unilateral cleft palate-
Lack of salivary glands on the ventral portion of the tongue?
Which premolar has a transverse ridge man first? Mand first
Which premolar has a central pit max sec? it also has more supplementary grooves
Which premolar is the hardest to work on for endotherapy max first
Which premolar tilts the most lingually? Man first?
As far as the pulp goes, what is the differenct between man first and second molar?
Melanocytes from neural crest
Adrenal cortex from mesoderm and adrenal medulla from neuroectoderm
Cherry red blood for CO poisioning
Microvillus are composed of? microfilaments
Maxillary right molar drains into the submandibular lymph node
Afferent drainage to the bowman capsule?
Animal species differ in the length of the loop of henle
Polyuria in diabetes mel is due to glucose in the urine
Hemisection will not cut the arytenoids cartilages in two pieces since they mirror each other across the central line of thebody. Look at a picture. Cricothyroid will get cut for example.
Epiglottis is formed from elastic cartilage
Sensation of the larynx is given by the internal laryngeal nerve?
Third order neuron for proprioception in the mouth is in the cerebellum?(1trigeminal, 2mesenphalic)
Loss of vision is a sign of a stroke
Stroke is cause by a complete blockage as compared to a atherosclerosis narrowing?
A lobule consists of what? Referring to the lung?
Necrosis of the anterior portion of the ventricle is cause by blockage of the anterior interventriuclar artery?
Target organ of parathyroid hormone? Intestines, bone kidney
ATP is adenosine triphosphate
Goblet cells are not located in the appendicitis right?
Colon has simple columnar cells

 

[dmn]

Goblet cells are not located in the appendix?

Third order neuron for proprioception in the mouth is in the cerebellum?(1trigeminal, 2mesenphalic)

How does the body control fluoride levels?

Prevotella present at birth? I don’t think so. I think adolescence.

What agent kills lipophilic and nonlipophic viruses?

First step of coagulation(thrombosis) inflammation of the endothelial?

Down syndrome cannot retrude lower lip. Why?

Centric relation is a bilateral something….. balance occlusion?

Which tooth is least likely to be bifurcated? Max Central Incisor

Difference between the max right and left first premolar?

Which does not metastize to bone? tongue

What stage does dej form in tooth dev? Bell stage

How many roots and cusp does the primary mand molar have? 3 roots-4 cusp (not sure)

Which primary tooth is retained when the succ tooth is absent?-primary mand first molar?

When does the sec molar begin calcifying?

1.Vertical and horizontal overlap

2.Uncompensated acidosis and alkalosis

Gingival mucosa-what does it consist of
Quinilone
Cusp height changes and ****
More venyettes

Unilateral cleft lip all of them is the maxillary median nasal process

Which has a broader cervical ridge, perm or primary

Shape of the primary mandibular first molar does it have a distal triangular fossa? rhomboid occlusal shape

Primary mandibular second molar has 5 cusps and the primary mandibular first has four

Primary canine mcr>dcr

Facial embrasures between max central and max lateral are bigger than lingual? lingual embrasures are bigger

Radicular groove on the lingual of the max lateral

Difference between the max right and left first premolar

Cusp on mandibular canine is higher than the maxillary canine yes

Canine guidance

Nutritional supply to tmj-synovial fluid

Temporomandibular ligament attaches to the zygomatic process

What direction does the right condyle move in right cross bite-lateral?

How many canals does the man sec molar have?
How many does the man first molar have? 3

Hutchinson teeth-syphilis

Down syndrome-microdontia

Renal insufficiency

Dysgeusia-decrease sense of taste

Aphasia-disorder in the content of speech

Disarthia-disorder in the muscular of speech

Touch to the post 1/3 of the tongue is glossopharyngeal

Paccini convey

Alpha amylase breaks up starch In the mouth

Anesthesia blocks na voltage channels inhibition

Residual volume capacity volume per minute question

Rheumatic fever heart valve problems

Pleural effusion

Facial view shows incisal cervical embrasures

– The incisal embrasure of the maxillary lateral/canine =greatest or longest
– The incisal embrasure of the maxillary canine/premolar=widest angle

 

[dmn]

Autonomy-give one their own law or rights to a decision

Blood supply from the stomach, supply blood to the stomach are from the celiac trunk (celiac artery)

Ductus arteriosus is a shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

located near the left recurrenty laryngeal nerve

Renal papilla into the renal pyramid

Cretz Jacob is a prion disease

Lung innervations descending aorta branches supply oxygenated blood to the lungs.

Striated duct gets its name from enfolding and mitochondria

What develops the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. Occipital myotomes.??

Pectoris major and minor form the anterior wall of the axilla

Humerus fracture ****s with radial nerve yes!!!

Dopamine imbalance in the basal ganglia is parkinsons

Drug resistance is dependent on plasmids

Plasmid is needed for toxin production virulent in diphtheria

Mycoplasma lack cell wall

What is not in a serum sickness reaction? Neutrophils?

Patient has rales in his breathing-lombar pneumonia?
.
Dextran from sucrose

Histoplasmosis is systemic

Paracortex consist of what part of the spleen?
Paracortex is the portion of a lymph node immediately surrounding the medulla

Glossodynia-burning mouth syndrome-Possible causes include nutritional deficiencies, chronic anxiety or depression, type 2 diabetes, menopause, oral disorders such as thrush or dry mouth, or damaged nerves

Diabetes mellitus is autoimmune

How does the body control fluoride levels

0.9 sodium chloride has the same osmolarity as plasma

Lingual nerve is anterial andmedial to inferior alveolar nerve

Rna polymerase binds to the tatabox initially

Cotton ball appearance elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in mandibleof 66 year old osteosarcoma or paget's

Quality of the healing process depends on severity of the wound? Other choices were age, nutrition

Is vitamin K involved in collagen synthesis? no

Hemophila A-8

Hemophila B-9

Von willenbrand –APTT

Anemia, bradycardia during pregnancy

Cyst in the neck are remnants of a thyroglossal duct.

Lower motor neuron lesion causes spastic paralysisd Are they only ipsilateral?

Ptergomandibular raphe attaches mylohyoid line to hamulus

Which tooth has the greatest MD curvature? Max lateral incisor

What is the common theme in max third molars despite their variablitlty? distal inclination

Muscle spindles are for stretch reflex

Esophagus begins below the hyoid bone

Hamulus acts as a pully for the tensor veli palatine

Nerve innervations to tmj is via the auriculotemporal

Hypokalemia would result in hyperpolarization?

Sternohyoid and sternothyroid are from ansacervalis and geniohyoid is not.

Sellaturcia is above the sphenoid sinus

Unilateral cleft palate-It is due to the failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes

Lack of salivary glands on the ventral portion of the tongue?

Which premolar has a transverse ridge man first? Mand first

Which premolar has a central pit max sec. it also has more supplementary grooves

Which premolar is the hardest to work on for endotherapy max first

Which premolar tilts the most lingually???

As far as the pulp goes, what is the differenct between man first and second molar? 2- greater distal angualtion

Melanocytes from neural crest

Adrenal cortex from mesoderm and adrenal medulla from neuroectoderm

Cherry red blood for CO poisioning

Microvillus are composed of? microfilaments

Maxillary right molar drains into the submandibular lymph node

Afferent drainage to the bowman capsule?

Animal species differ in the length of the loop of henle

Polyuria in diabetes mel is due to glucose in the urine

Hemisection will not cut the arytenoids cartilages in two pieces since they mirror each other across the central line of thebody. Look at a picture.

Cricothyroid will get cut for example.

Epiglottis is formed from elastic cartilage

Sensation of the larynx is given by the internal laryngeal nerve

Loss of vision is a sign of a stroke

Stroke is cause by a complete blockage as compared to a atherosclerosis narrowing?

A lobule consists of what? Referring to the lung?

Necrosis of the anterior portion of the ventricle is cause by blockage of the anterior interventriuclar artery?

Target organ of parathyroid hormone? Intestines, bone kidney

ATP is adenosine triphosphate

Colon has simple columnar cells



[/QUOTE]

 

[ONS]

pain fibers in glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in??--
plz explain

Pain sensation is Exteroceptive input of GSA fibres .
Now GSA fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve start from skin behind the ear and enters into the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve and finally synapse in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

hope this will help you...

 

[vibhakar]

I am confused with this question, I was reading and it also says spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve...
I really don't know the correct answer...

I read this from a book (NDBE study guide) some people named the red book... if you want a copy let me know.
me dont know the ans..
wats study guide?is it bk.
can u plz send me copy at [email protected]
thanks a lot

 

[vibhakar]

foramen formed by one bone?
jugular, infraorbital, pteygopalatine fissue?

 

[wengm]

The patient's tidal volume is 400ml after given nitrous oxide anesthesia, what is the change in volume?
Choices are: 500 ml, 1L, 2L, 3L

 

[dmn]

foramen formed by one bone?
jugular, infraorbital, pteygopalatine fissue?

I think none of those are the answer... maybe, greater palatine?? or petrotympanic foramen? which are the choices??

 

[ONS]

I am confused with this question, I was reading and it also says spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve...
I really don't know the correct answer...

I read this from a book (NDBE study guide) some people named the red book... if you want a copy let me know.
me dont know the ans..
wats study guide?is it bk.
can u plz send me copy at [email protected]
thanks a lot

okay take it this way...
most of parasym ganglia are known as terminal ganglia bcoz thy lie in the area within or near the organ where thy synapse...the exception is four paired ganglia of head n neck...i.e ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular n otic ganglion...

each ganglia has motor root, sympathetic and sensory(GSA) n also some has special sensory fibres for taste..

sensory root carries sensory fibres that also do not synapse in the ganglion there...it goes to the spinal tract n thn to the spinal nucleus where it synase n terminate...remember tht CN V has no parasympathetic fibres by itself , it take it from CN VII n CN IX.....so the pain sensation which is GSA of glossopharyngeal nerve will finallly synapse in the spinal trigeminal nucleus........

hope i m more clear now...🙂

 

[vibhakar]

most say ans is superior cervical ganglion..
r u sure of ans..
thnx 4 explaining..
from whr shd i read tis

 

[vibhakar]

Originally Posted by vibhakar
foramen formed by one bone?
jugular, infraorbital, pteygopalatine fissue?
I think none of those are the answer... maybe, greater palatine?? or petrotympanic foramen? which are the choices??
got only 3 choices..dont know 4th one
why jugular is wrong??
petrotympanic is by which bone?

 

[toothfairy482]

hey guys, answer is petrotympanic ...it is only one lying in temporal bone.
jugular- between temporal and occipital
infraorbital- between frontal and maxilla

 

[ONS]

most say ans is superior cervical ganglion..
r u sure of ans..
thnx 4 explaining..
from whr shd i read tis

KAPLAN lecture notes, NBDE 1st aid n WIKI....

 

[ONS]

most say ans is superior cervical ganglion..
R u sure of ans..
Thnx 4 explaining..
From whr shd i read tis

kaplan ,nbde first aid & wiki...

 

[dmn]

flouride metabolism in body---flouride uptake by calcified tissues…excreted in the urine.

 

[dmn]

calcification of max second molar---2-3 yrs

please answer

when chemoreceptors are triggered??

sanger dna?wat is it?

8 yr child dies and which ossification is present in its bone?prim cartilage,secondary cartilage,fibrocartilage?

muscle inhibit retrusion?

lateral movement working as well as non working side,which ligament inhibits that?

 

[vibhakar]

calcification of max second molar---2-3 yrs

please answer

when chemoreceptors are triggered??

sanger dna?wat is it?

8 yr child dies and which ossification is present in its bone?prim cartilage,secondary cartilage,fibrocartilage?

muscle inhibit retrusion?

lateral movement working as well as non working side,which ligament inhibits that?

peripheral chemoreceptors are trigerred when partial pressure of o2 less
central chemoreceptors triggered wen carbon dioxide conc. is more

 

[vibhakar]

needle tip durinf inf alveolar inj lie closest to?
spenomand ligament
stylomand. ligament
pterygomand lig

 

[topaiz]

needle tip durinf inf alveolar inj lie closest to?
spenomand ligament
stylomand. ligament
pterygomand lig

spenomand ligament as is inserts into lingula and which is near the mandibular foramen(inf alveolar nerve )lies

 

[vibhakar]

tip of mandibular canine in lateral excursion passes?
distal to tip of canine cusp
mesial to tip of canine cusp

 

[maiya]

I am confused with this question, I was reading and it also says spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve...
I really don't know the correct answer...

I read this from a book (NDBE study guide) some people named the red book... if you want a copy let me know.
me dont know the ans..
wats study guide?is it bk.
can u plz send me copy at [email protected]
thanks a lot

what is this nbde study guide,if u have send me copy alsoat
[email protected]

 

[mandymann]

😕😕 plz someone explain me ant and post guidance....how it increase and decreases......plz explain me in detail and if anybody has some tips then tell me that also........😕

 

[jaskiran]

yeah even i want to know about anterior guidance and canine guidance and also want to know if canines are not present then what is the effect on occlusion?

 

[jaskiran]

Lower motor neuron lesion causes spastic paralysisd Are they only ipsilateral?
Hey guys want to correct this-----Lower motor neuron causes Flaccid paralysis and upper motor neuron causes spastic paralysis.

 

[superman]

yeah even i want to know about anterior guidance and canine guidance and also want to know if canines are not present then what is the effect on occlusion?

anterior guidance is affected by overjet and overbite. so if you want to increase anterior guidance, you can decrease overjet and increase overbite. anterior guidance is also affected by the angle of the articular eminence but the dentist cannot change that.

if the canines aren't present... then, group function?

 

[vibhakar]

which tooth is most resistant to caries?
mand c.i or mand canine?

 

[pb2007]

which tooth is most resistant to caries?
mand c.i or mand canine?

mandibular canine

 

[vibhakar]

plz explain corneal reflex?

 

[vibhakar]

what is affected most in trauma in 10 week pregnancy

 

[vibhakar]

what is seromucous glands

 

[vibhakar]

which is largest and smallest embrasure

 

[IMPACT]

Vibhakar qs
The largest incisal embrasure is between the maxillary lateral and canine and the smallest facial embrasure is b/w Mand Centrals.

 

[vibhakar]

widest incisal embrasure?

 

[IMPACT]

which is largest and smallest embrasure

one more--
periapical abscess of mandibular 1st premolar drains lingually into which SPACE--

1.sublingual space
2.submandibular space .

thank you

Drainage of all premoals and molars is to submandibular space...and that of anteriors is to sublingual space.
Please correct me if wrong.

 

[uabsfm]

what is the most powerful muscle of mastication?

which muscle is responsible for clenching of the teeth?

plz ans these qs as I read variable ans for these qs

 

[bddsgirl]

Masseter is responsible for clenching of teeth

 

[drfab]

pls can you send me a copy of nbde study guide my email is [email protected].

what is this nbde study guide,if u have send me copy alsoat
[email protected]

 

[drfab]

pls can you send me a copy at [email protected]

I am confused with this question, I was reading and it also says spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve...
I really don't know the correct answer...

I read this from a book (NDBE study guide) some people named the red book... if you want a copy let me know.
me dont know the ans..
wats study guide?is it bk.
can u plz send me copy at [email protected]
thanks a lot

 

[dentbaby]

Hi,

Can anyone explain this to me?
What changes in the extracellular fluid compartment are caused by prolonged sweating?

1. A decrease in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
2. A decrease in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
3. An increase in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
4. An increase in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
5. I am thinking that sweating means losing hypotonic fluid.So ECF becomes hypertonic, so water moves from ICF to ECF.Ofcourse compensation is still less than the lost ECF.So ECF decreases.But how come osmotic pressure increases?
6. The osmotic pressure of the filtrate at the end of the proximal convoluted tubule is
   1. greater than that of plasma.
   2. much less than that of plasma.
   3. about the same as that of plasma.
   4. greater than that of the filtrate in the descending portion of the loop of Henle.

Please explain the concept of Osmotic Pressure.Everywhere , when I see osmotic pressure I am doing mistakes.
Thanks

 

[xactreality]

the sympathetic innervation to head and neck is distributed via:

1- blood vessels
2- facial planes
3- lymphatics
4- hyoid musculature
5- CN III, VII, IX and X

 

[dentluv]

Hi,

Can anyone explain this to me?
What changes in the extracellular fluid compartment are caused by prolonged sweating?

1. A decrease in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
2. A decrease in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
3. An increase in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
4. An increase in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
5. I am thinking that sweating means losing hypotonic fluid.So ECF becomes hypertonic, so water moves from ICF to ECF.Ofcourse compensation is still less than the lost ECF.So ECF decreases.But how come osmotic pressure increases?
6. The osmotic pressure of the filtrate at the end of the proximal convoluted tubule is
   1. greater than that of plasma.
   2. much less than that of plasma.
   3. about the same as that of plasma.
   4. greater than that of the filtrate in the descending portion of the loop of Henle.

Please explain the concept of Osmotic Pressure.Everywhere , when I see osmotic pressure I am doing mistakes.
Thanks

When water content is less means more of the solute particles & so more osmolarity. In the case of sweating more water is lost than other particles like sodium,Cl etc so more osmolarity .That is osmolarity is increased but volume [more of water] is decreased.So I believe the ans for Q1 is [1]
2. for this I think the ans should be [2] since most of the substances are reabsorbed in Prox.con.tubule.
If I am wrong please correct,thanks