Ophthalmology

[UOP123321]

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why Ophthalmology is not part of the optometry school. I mean why should i go to medical school and then apply for residency to be Ophthalmology, isn't Ophthalmology the anatomy, functions, pathology, and treatment of the eye.

 

[GiveMeThatMD]

Ophthalmology is a combined medical/surgical specialty. It encompasses all of the above, and adding on to that; prescriptions, medical treatment, and microsurgery. It goes for all physician specialties, but not just anyone could manage such responsibility. Optometrists are (basically) held to the same standards as physicians, but they mainly center around vision systems and processing. Eyes are tricky business.

 

[allantois]

It's a surgical specialty. No reputable optometrist would attempt eye surgery.

 

[Avanafil]

My uncle is an ophthalmologist. Ophthalmology is nothing like optometry, at all. Optometrists do minor tests on the eye, and mostly work to make glasses for people. Ophthalmologists however are essentially eye *surgeons*. It would be like comaring a dental hygienist to an oral and maxilofacial surgeon. Sure they both work on teeth, but one does way more than the other. They do everything from cataract, glaucoma, trauma surgery, and just to copy from wikipedia:

• Eye muscle surgery typically corrects strabismus and includes the following[23] [3]:
  • Loosening / weakening procedures
    • Recession involves moving the insertion of a muscle posteriorly towards its origin.
    • Myectomy
    • Myotomy
    • Tenectomy
    • Tenotomy
  • Tightening / strengthening procedures
    • Resection
    • Tucking
    • Advancement is the movement of an eye muscle from its original place of attachment on the eyeball to a more forward position.
  • Transposition / repositioning procedures
  • Adjustable suture surgery is a method of reattaching an extraocular muscle by means of a stitch that can be shortened or lengthened within the first post-operative day, to obtain better ocular alignment [4].
  
  

Refractive surgery aims to correct errors of refraction in the eye, reducing or eliminating the need for corrective lenses

• Keratomilleusis is a method of reshaping the cornea surface to change its optical power. A disc of cornea is shaved off, quickly frozen, lathe-ground, then returned to its original power.
• Automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK)
• Laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)[9]
• Laser assisted sub-epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), aka Epi-LASIK
• Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)[10]
• Laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK)
• Conductive keratoplasty (CK) uses radio frequency waves to shrink corneal collagen. It is used to treat mild to moderate hyperopia.[9]
• Limbal relaxing incisions (LRI) to correct minor astigmatism
• Astigmatic keratotomy (AK), aka Arcuate keratotomy or Transverse keratotomy
• Radial keratotomy (RK)
• Mini asymmetric radial keratotomy
• Hexagonal keratotomy (HK)
• Epikeratophakia is the removal of the corneal epithelium and replacement with a lathe cut corneal button.[11]
• Intracorneal rings (ICRs), or corneal ring segments
• Implantable contact lenses
• Presbyopia reversal
• Anterior ciliary sclerotomy (ACS)
• Scleral reinforcement surgery for the mitigation of degenerative myopia

Corneal surgery
Corneal surgery includes most refractive surgery as well as the following:

• Corneal transplant surgery, is used to remove a cloudy/diseased cornea and replace it with a clear donor cornea.[11]
• Penetrating keratoplasty (PK)
• Keratoprosthesis(KPro)
• Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK)[12]
• Pterygium excision[13]
• Corneal tattooing
• Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis (OOKP), in which support for an artificial cornea is created from a tooth and its surrounding jawbone.[14] This is a still-experimental procedure used for patients with severely damaged eyes, generally from burns.[15]

Vitreo-retinal surgery


Vitrectomy.
Vitreo-retinal surgery includes the following

• Vitrectomy[16]
  • Anterior vitrectomy is the removal of the front portion of vitreous tissue. It is used for preventing or treating vitreous loss during cataract or corneal surgery, or to remove misplaced vitreous in conditions such as aphakia pupillary block glaucoma.
  • Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), or trans pars plana vitrectomy (TPPV), is a procedure to remove vitreous opacities and membranes through a pars plana incision. It is frequently combined with other intraocular procedures for the treatment of giant retinal tears, tractional retinal detachments, and posterior vitreous detachments.
• Pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is a type of photocoagulation therapy used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.[17]
• Retinal detachment repair
  • Ignipuncture is an obsolete procedure that involves cauterization of the retina with a very hot pointed instrument.[18]
  • A scleral buckle is used in the repair of a retinal detachment to indent or "buckle" the sclera inward, usually by sewing a piece of preserved sclera or silicone rubber to its surface.[19]
  • Laser photocoagulation, or photocoagulation therapy, is the use of a laser to seal a retinal tear.[17]
  • Pneumatic retinopexy
  • Retinal cryopexy, or retinal cryotherapy, is a procedure that uses intense cold to induce a chorioretinal scar and to destroy retinal or choroidal tissue.[20]
• Macular hole repair
• Partial lamellar sclerouvectomy[21]
• Partial lamellar sclerocyclochoroidectomy
• Partial lamellar sclerochoroidectomy
• Posterior sclerotomy is an opening made into the vitreous through the sclera, as for detached retina or the removal of a foreign body [1].
• Radial optic neurotomy
• macular translocation surgery
  • through 360 degree retinotomy
  • through scleral imbrication technique