This is VERY unlikely. Some programs already have abroad rotations set up as a form of community outreach and/or cultural competency. Some programs may allow you to go abroad for a rotation if it's not already set up, but this takes a lot of leg-work, and still would typically for for a single rotation or 2, and typically an elective. As mentioned above, there are quotas, so taking time off for this is also very unlikely and it would affect the program later down the line because they'd need to retain your position, which means the following year they may need to recruit 1 less person as there is a cap for number of people in total. As for practicing abroad outside of being with an organized group or sponsored through the group, you'd need to be licensed, and then apply to the country where you'd want to go. This could take years in some cases, would cost money, and in some cases you would need to take their exam(s) in their language. Then there are questions of who is paying you, malpractice, etc.
TLDR: No. Go abroad for vacation during residency. Practice however/wherever you want after.