Regional Gurus- Need Help Dev Outpatient Total Joint Program

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tka - 0.25% bupi/ ipacks plus acb…total volume 30 ml…prn opioid - same day discharge

tha - spinal vs lma plus facia iliaca with 0.25 % bupiv - pt/ same day discharge

i’m personally not a big fan of spinals for outpatient cases. i don’t like dealing with post op urinary retention or pdph once in while. i prefer lmas for amnesia and titration of fentanyl as needed and i get them spontaneous asap.

i was having to do low dose sevo lma on top of spinal at times as they’d keep talking and then obstruct with propofol gtt - so i don’t bother anymore

shoulders - ett plus 0.75% to 0.5% bupiv isb…25-30 ml. good solid motor block. i intubate my shoulders due to table positioning - no more lmas. but i get them spontaneous again asap.
 
tka - 0.25% bupi/ ipacks plus acb…total volume 30 ml…prn opioid - same day discharge

tha - spinal vs lma plus facia iliaca with 0.25 % bupiv - pt/ same day discharge

i’m personally not a big fan of spinals for outpatient cases. i don’t like dealing with post op urinary retention or pdph once in while. i prefer lmas for amnesia and titration of fentanyl as needed and i get them spontaneous asap.

i was having to do low dose sevo lma on top of spinal at times as they’d keep talking and then obstruct with propofol gtt - so i don’t bother anymore

shoulders - ett plus 0.75% to 0.5% bupiv isb…25-30 ml. good solid motor block. i intubate my shoulders due to table positioning - no more lmas. but i get them spontaneous again asap.
are you saying you dont do a spinal for knees?
 
are you saying you dont do a spinal for knees?
no spinal for either knees or hips unless surgeon requests but in my experience surgeons care more about amnesia, quick discharge and no post op weakness or prolonged spinal or urinary retention and they definitely care about complaints in clinic (from "i was awake the whole time and i remember hearing the saw" than pain.

I know regional guys love to push spinals and blocks on every patients, and I stick to my bread and butter blocks and lma. It works for me. I do tons of spinals (and myelograms) so its not an issue with procedure...its an issue about logistics and practicality in my practice. i am an independent physician, and I do not work at the same place every day and I do not have group coverage (although thats getting better), so I do things which are going to cause the least issues post op. i absolutely loathe dealing with PDPH in my current setup.

i have worked with CRNAs who in their arrogance and stupidity refused to run gtt with propofol after spinals. didnt even give versed because the patient had a bmi of 37. Patient complained post op that they were awake and were moving and very concerned that their legs were dead.

Surgeon was livid. This was 5 years ago. And this was a "protocol" set up by a regional fellowship trained guy straight from fellowship who had significant academic tunnel vision and I often butt heads with him. As I do more and more anesthetics, I am convinced that medicine is more art than science.

I prefer to treat the whole patient. I would want them to have a good experience undergoing surgery and a huge part of that is amnesia. I have done LMAs on top of spinal with low dose sevo - esp in obese patients, just to facilitate their airway. I know nimbus does this as well.

If they have pain, its easier to sell...like you had surgery...maybe do another supplemental block and give them meds...its ok...its post op surgical pain...it will get better over the week. Anesthesiologists care more about pain...

one of the hospitals I work at - has a lot of athletes, no spinal, no blocks for them for any orthopedic surgery concerning nerve damage and liability. So the point is, In many ways what we practice is an art not just textbook medicine. it has to be tailored to specific facility, situation, patient and surgeon.

I also do not do spinals on fractures on 90 year old patients. I go on linkedin - my feed is filled with "turn lateral do spinal" then "turn supine then do peng and fascia iliaca" then wait "then move and give versed" - patient will be comfortable to move...im like...dude...put the patient to sleep on bed...dont treat them like a pin cushion...propofol/lma/FIB - and maintain hemodynamics...done. sometimes physicians make it into an ego thing.

If spinal vs infinitely better than general for these surgeries then yes my decision would be different but from what i have read and researched, there is no significant difference, so if one technique is easier/ and causes less logistical issues and faster turnover, then i would prefer that
 
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are you saying you dont do a spinal for knees?
I honestly don't get it. Spinals for TKAs have no advantage if they're going home same day. You can't use intrathecal morphine which is their primary advantage. What's the point in doing them?

All this talk about special spinal concoctions, dosing, baricity, even temperature (WTF! Is that study for real?), just to fine tune duration with a hope and a prayer.

General anesthesia is right there, guys. 🙂 The anesthesia lasts exactly as long as the surgery, whether your surgeon is fast or slow, or disappears to have lunch or do some consults after you get to the OR. You'll never have a failed general anesthetic or struggle to find the right place to inject the propofol.
 
I honestly don't get it. Spinals for TKAs have no advantage if they're going home same day. You can't use intrathecal morphine which is their primary advantage. What's the point in doing them?

All this talk about special spinal concoctions, dosing, baricity, even temperature (WTF! Is that study for real?), just to fine tune duration with a hope and a prayer.

General anesthesia is right there, guys. 🙂 The anesthesia lasts exactly as long as the surgery, whether your surgeon is fast or slow, or disappears to have lunch or do some consults after you get to the OR. You'll never have a failed general anesthetic or struggle to find the right place to inject the propofol.
I see neuraxial & regional as an advantage for patients, especially older ones, with a history of cognitive impairment or post-op cognitive dysfunction.
 
I see neuraxial & regional as an advantage for patients, especially older ones, with a history of cognitive impairment or post-op cognitive dysfunction.
it is.
but the advantage is lost if you’re having to sedate them (which is an overwhelming majority) on top of the regional.
 
another crazy case i’ve seen - in name of multimodal analgesia…from that aforementioned regional anesthesiologist led protocol practice…not my case…

asc…outpatient mid 55 asa 2 tka…no other pmh…

spinal no versed
blocks preop under local
nasal cannula prn ketamine boluses, still no versed lol
gabapentin and nsaids ok - not a big culprit there

pt going absolutely bonkers in pacu
BP over 200 🤣😃🤣😃
nystagmus
hypersalivation to the wazoo

good luck getting them to participate in PT post op

crna walking around thinking they did an amazing job…the whole family and surgeon asking us wtf happened

far too common in “opioid free practices”. pendulum has swung way too much to the other side.

good balanced and common sense approach all the way - use regional as a tool, not the only tool
 
I see neuraxial & regional as an advantage for patients, especially older ones, with a history of cognitive impairment or post-op cognitive dysfunction.
We've been looking for a difference in outcome, comparing spinal vs GA for elderly patients with hip textures, for decades. If there was a difference, we'd know by now.

And if it doesn't make a difference for them, it doesn't for healthier patients 20-40 years younger.
 
We've been looking for a difference in outcome, comparing spinal vs GA for elderly patients with hip textures, for decades. If there was a difference, we'd know by now.

And if it doesn't make a difference for them, it doesn't for healthier patients 20-40 years younger.
I’m talking about patient selection in elective joints. For select patients I will do spinal without any sedation. Again, these are the ones who they and their family really want to avoid potential postop mentation issues. I encourage them to bring over the ear headphones, if possible noise cancelling, to listen to something of their choice in the OR. Of course the ortho docs don’t like it because they can’t blare their music like they are used to.

Hip fractures are a different pathology patient population.
 
another crazy case i’ve seen - in name of multimodal analgesia…from that aforementioned regional anesthesiologist led protocol practice…not my case…

asc…outpatient mid 55 asa 2 tka…no other pmh…

spinal no versed
blocks preop under local
nasal cannula prn ketamine boluses, still no versed lol
gabapentin and nsaids ok - not a big culprit there

pt going absolutely bonkers in pacu
BP over 200 🤣😃🤣😃
nystagmus
hypersalivation to the wazoo

good luck getting them to participate in PT post op

crna walking around thinking they did an amazing job…the whole family and surgeon asking us wtf happened

far too common in “opioid free practices”. pendulum has swung way too much to the other side.

good balanced and common sense approach all the way - use regional as a tool, not the only tool
Ketamine is a nasty drug. Never use it cuz i hate these calls
 
I honestly don't get it. Spinals for TKAs have no advantage if they're going home same day. You can't use intrathecal morphine which is their primary advantage. What's the point in doing them?

All this talk about special spinal concoctions, dosing, baricity, even temperature (WTF! Is that study for real?), just to fine tune duration with a hope and a prayer.

General anesthesia is right there, guys. 🙂 The anesthesia lasts exactly as long as the surgery, whether your surgeon is fast or slow, or disappears to have lunch or do some consults after you get to the OR. You'll never have a failed general anesthetic or struggle to find the right place to inject the propofol.
Spinals are done in addition to GA to cover posterior/ sciatic mediated pain from large knee incision. The point is they add pain control, not to avoid ga. TKRs can be very painful.

I’d love to get away from them but find it’s not standard of care in my area to do just ipack for posterior coverage . Have found a lot more pain post op (significantly bad experience for patient) with the approach of GA plus ACB plus Ipack without a spinal.

I’d love to do a ga with a femoral and sciatic block and call it a day with no pain and early discharge, but there is insanity around them walking out the door and using the leg immediately

What is the other way to effectively cover posterior pain but allow no motor block ? It’s not ipack ime.. so we continue to use the partial spinal but again would love to try something different ( other than dilaudid in pacu)
 
Spinals are done in addition to GA to cover posterior/ sciatic mediated pain from large knee incision. The point is they add pain control, not to avoid ga. TKRs can be very painful.

I’d love to get away from them but find it’s not standard of care in my area to do just ipack for posterior coverage . Have found a lot more pain post op (significantly bad experience for patient) with the approach of GA plus ACB plus Ipack without a spinal.

I’d love to do a ga with a femoral and sciatic block and call it a day with no pain and early discharge, but there is insanity around them walking out the door and using the leg immediately

What is the other way to effectively cover posterior pain but allow no motor block ? It’s not ipack ime.. so we continue to use the partial spinal but again would love to try something different ( other than dilaudid in pacu)
I have been at this game for many decades. If you want "no motor block" then iPack is superior to the surgeon placed posterior capsule injection.
Also, you need to get a good block of the saphenous nerve and Nerve to the vastus medialis for pain control. I found that a high/proximal adductor canal or Femoral Triangle block is superior to the traditional mid-thigh adductor canal block in terms of consistent postop pain control.
Dr. Gadsen from Duke may add Genicular nerve blocks as well.
 
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I honestly don't get it. Spinals for TKAs have no advantage if they're going home same day. You can't use intrathecal morphine which is their primary advantage. What's the point in doing them?

All this talk about special spinal concoctions, dosing, baricity, even temperature (WTF! Is that study for real?), just to fine tune duration with a hope and a prayer.

General anesthesia is right there, guys. 🙂 The anesthesia lasts exactly as long as the surgery, whether your surgeon is fast or slow, or disappears to have lunch or do some consults after you get to the OR. You'll never have a failed general anesthetic or struggle to find the right place to inject the propofol.
Eh.

With the rare case that we do under GA, patients get a lot more opioids intraop, higher risk of nausea and sedation in pacu, worse overall experience for the patient.

Most patients love the spinal plus propfol GTT.

If you have s blazingly fast surgeon, then it skews a bit more towards GA.

In the end, i just tend to do what the surgeon and patient want/expect...as long as its reasonable. If surgeons wants GA and i do spinal, its just asking for me to get blamed for any little issue..or vice versa
 
I have been at this game for many decades. If you want "no motor block" then iPack is superior to the surgeon placed posterior capsule injection.
Also, you need to get a good block of the saphenous nerve and Nerve to the vastus medialis for pain control. I found that a high/proximal adductor canal or Femoral Triangle block is superior to the traditional mid-thigh adductor canal block in terms of consistent postop pain control.
Dr. Gadsen from Duke may add Genicular nerve blocks as well.
I agree but my question is whether people are doing acb and ipack without a spinal routinely in outpatient settings and have the patient go home , I would love to stop doing the spinal and just do the blocks and ga , but it seems those blocks only keep the patient comfortable after tkr in the setting of a spinal/receding spinal
 
I agree but my question is whether people are doing acb and ipack without a spinal routinely in outpatient settings and have the patient go home , I would love to stop doing the spinal and just do the blocks and ga , but it seems those blocks only keep the patient comfortable after tkr in the setting of a spinal/receding spinal
Yes. At my high volume ASC more than 1/2 the patients receive a GA plus Proximal adductor canal block combined with ipack or posterior capsule injection. All the surgeons inject RECK at the end of the operation to assist in postop pain control. The addition of Reck/local injection makes a difference in getting the patient home within 2 hours after arriving in the PACU.

 

Conclusion​

Use of peri-articular cocktail injection is an effective modality to achieve better pain relief in early post-operative period. Though the benefits are not long lived, but its superior effects can be utilised for early functional recovery after TKA and improved patient rehabilitation.
 
How about a "rescue" low dose Ropivacaine Femoral block using 0.1% Rop in the PACU? I have performed just 1 of these on a younger patient but she was able to ambulate and go home in 2 hours. My surgeons really, really don't want any Femoral blocks due to the risk for Quads weakness which increases the chances the patient will fall at home.


This result suggests that 0.1% ropivacaine has a similar effect on quadriceps strength as that of ACB.
 
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Another idea I had was why aren't there studies look at Exparel (10 ml) mixed with 0.1% Bupivacaine (10ml) for Femoral blocks on outpatient total knee patients? The motor block of a 50/50 mixture of that combo should be minimal with 24 hours of postop pain relief.

_______

This small study from 12 years ago showed that some patients still had significant motor weakness of their quadriceps muscle even with low dose Exparel.

 
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Conclusions​

Liposomal bupivacaine administered via adductor canal block for total knee arthroplasty was associated with concurrent reductions in pain and opioid consumption compared with bupivacaine during the first 96 hours after surgery.

Group 1 : 10 ml exparel plus 10ml bupiv 0.5

Group 2. : 10 ml saline plus 10ml 0.5 bupi

Not really surprised. Most do 20ml of 0.5 though...

Group 1 got more total bupiv. So hard not to expect they would also get more pain relief
 
Group 1 : 10 ml exparel plus 10ml bupiv 0.5

Group 2. : 10 ml saline plus 10ml 0.5 bupi

Not really surprised. Most do 20ml of 0.5 though...

Group 1 got more total bupiv. So hard not to expect they would also get more pain relief
Also a better comparison is 20 ml of 0.25% Bup with dexamethasone vs 10 ml of Exparel (133 mg) and 10 ml of 0.5% Bup (50 mg).
 
Yes. At my high volume ASC more than 1/2 the patients receive a GA plus Proximal adductor canal block combined with ipack or posterior capsule injection. All the surgeons inject RECK at the end of the operation to assist in postop pain control. The addition of Reck/local injection makes a difference in getting the patient home within 2 hours after arriving in the PACU.

So when you say the get GA, you mean without a partial spinal? We do partial spinal and GA which I think is the source of confusion. Yes I do GA but also baby spinal and the blocks.. want to get rid of the spinal part .. but I worry about the uncovered posterior pain ( my surgeons generate a lot of it) and ipack alone being insufficient . No where around me are people just doing ipack or surgeon local alone for posterior pain, it’s all in the context of a preop baby spinal that covers up everything
 
So when you say the get GA, you mean without a partial spinal? We do partial spinal and GA which I think is the source of confusion. Yes I do GA but also baby spinal and the blocks.. want to get rid of the spinal part .. but I worry about the uncovered posterior pain ( my surgeons generate a lot of it) and ipack alone being insufficient . No where around me are people just doing ipack or surgeon local alone for posterior pain, it’s all in the context of a preop baby spinal that covers up everything
NO spinal just GA for TKA. I do a proximal adductor canal block which includes the nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve. I typically inject 20 ml total to block both nerves. For the Ipack block I inject up to 30 mls of 0.25% Bup or 0.25% Ropivacaine. I have the surgeons inject R.E.C.K. at the end of the case. All I can tell you is that this technique works quite well the vast majority of times. Pain scores in the PACU are very good and almost every patient goes home within 2 hours of arrival in the PACU.
 
NO spinal just GA for TKA. I do a proximal adductor canal block which includes the nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve. I typically inject 20 ml total to block both nerves. For the Ipack block I inject up to 30 mls of 0.25% Bup or 0.25% Ropivacaine. I have the surgeons inject R.E.C.K. at the end of the case. All I can tell you is that this technique works quite well the vast majority of times. Pain scores in the PACU are very good and almost every patient goes home within 2 hours of arrival in the PACU.
I was very close to doing this today to see how patients would do, i couldnt do it and still did the baby spinals lol - so hesitant to have a pain nightmare in pacu after this new idea i guess - but i want to
 
NO spinal just GA for TKA. I do a proximal adductor canal block which includes the nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve. I typically inject 20 ml total to block both nerves. For the Ipack block I inject up to 30 mls of 0.25% Bup or 0.25% Ropivacaine. I have the surgeons inject R.E.C.K. at the end of the case. All I can tell you is that this technique works quite well the vast majority of times. Pain scores in the PACU are very good and almost every patient goes home within 2 hours of arrival in the PACU.
Blocks preop or postop?
 
Results: There were no differences between groups at two or 24 hours for pain, opioid consumption, patients who had nausea, and patients who had vomiting. No differences for length of hospital stay were observed for hours, nights, or the number of same-day or next-day discharges. An ACB for TKA performed preoperatively versus postoperatively did not affect patient postoperative pain, opioid consumption, nausea, vomiting, or length of stay.

Conclusions: Preoperative logistics can be streamlined by having the option to place the ACB preoperatively or immediately postoperatively without concern for effects on patient pain, opioid consumption, or length of stay.

 
I was very close to doing this today to see how patients would do, i couldnt do it and still did the baby spinals lol - so hesitant to have a pain nightmare in pacu after this new idea i guess - but i want to
If your combined technique of a low dose spinal plus GA is working for you then I don't see an issue with you continuing it. That said, do I think it's necessary to do both a spinal and a GA on a routine basis? No. I do like an LMA plus propofol on occasion with a spinal. PGG is correct in his statement that GA works just fine on outpatient total joints. Spinals work too combined with propofol. I utilize both techniques depending on the surgeon's preference and the patient's preop status.
 
I've yet to see convincing data for this assertion, and I was previously part of a work group at a major university studying it.
I don't let patients with severe memory issues have total joint replacements at the ASC. I send them to the hospital where they typically get a spinal anesthetic. I do think the spinal is better than a GA for these patients but only on the margin. I am aware of the data showing no difference in outcomes for that group but nevertheless my bias is for a regional technique.

 
I agree but my question is whether people are doing acb and ipack without a spinal routinely in outpatient settings and have the patient go home , I would love to stop doing the spinal and just do the blocks and ga , but it seems those blocks only keep the patient comfortable after tkr in the setting of a spinal/receding spinal

Yes I've done many totals with lma/block and had most of them go home the same day. I did 10 cc of bupi or ropi 0.5% with decadron in the adductor and 20 cc ipack. Surgeon injects their cocktail as well which included toradol, bupi, epi, steroid, saline.
 
I was very close to doing this today to see how patients would do, i couldnt do it and still did the baby spinals lol - so hesitant to have a pain nightmare in pacu after this new idea i guess - but i want to
But -

The spinal will wear off eventually. Pain nightmare in PACU bad, but a pain nightmare on the car ride home OK?

This is what I don't get about spinals for TKAs. Genuinely asking. If you can't put morphine in them, because they're going home the same day, you're just postponing the time when pain control is achieved with the PNB plus IV/PO opioids.

They get zero benefit from the spinal once it wears off. Five hours after a spinal goes in, it provides exactly the same pain benefit as general anesthesia does: none.

So what's the point?
 
I've yet to see convincing data for this assertion, and I was previously part of a work group at a major university studying it.
I’m not trying to say it is absolutely better. Like everything, there is a distribution of results. For some patients it is likely a better route to take.

If you disagree with the premise that an anesthetic plan should be tailored to the individual patient, then we likely won’t see eye to eye.
 
But -

The spinal will wear off eventually. Pain nightmare in PACU bad, but a pain nightmare on the car ride home OK?

This is what I don't get about spinals for TKAs. Genuinely asking. If you can't put morphine in them, because they're going home the same day, you're just postponing the time when pain control is achieved with the PNB plus IV/PO opioids.

They get zero benefit from the spinal once it wears off. Five hours after a spinal goes in, it provides exactly the same pain benefit as general anesthesia does: none.

So what's the point?

That’s an important “5 hours” . Yes there’s pain post op eventually, but most intense initially… if you can skip that part and only regain sensation when the pain is less intense , why wouldn’t you? And also I think we are learning more about spinals by playing with the dosing .. I think maybe motor block is certainly gone in 5 hours but you might have a sensory block to some degree with bupi spinals that lasts most do the time the patient is awake after surgery u til they are home settled .. why wouldn’t you want to provide that? Yes eventually pain ensues, but to what degree? You want that intense pain right away? No thanks I’ll skip it and have it gradually fade in many hours later when I’m home and it’s not so bad ..
 
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That’s an important “5 hours” . Yes there’s pain post op eventually, but most intense initially… if you can skip that part and only regain sensation when the pain is less intense , why wouldn’t you? And also I think we are learning more about spinals by playing with the dosing .. I think maybe motor block is certainly gone in 5 hours but you might have a sensory block to some degree with bupi spinals that lasts most do the time the patient is awake after surgery u til they are home settled .. why wouldn’t you want to provide that? Yes eventually pain ensues, but to what degree? You want that intense pain right away? No thanks I’ll skip it and have it gradually fade in many hours later when I’m home and it’s not so bad ..
They're getting nerve blocks also, though. And opioids work.

This population doesn't really get PDPHs from spinals, but they do sometimes get urinary retention. Nobody likes getting a needle in the back. Lots of these spinal patients get 3/4 of a general anesthetic as "sedation" during the procedure too.

If postop pain relief is the reason for doing a spinal, I think blocks + opioids (which they're going to get postop anyway, there ain't no such thing as an opioid free TKA) are just as good in the grand scheme of things. Unless you're keeping them overnight and can put morphine in the spinal, I'd rather see where they're at in PACU and adjust the opioids or even do a rescue block right then.

If the last bit of spinal analgesia fades on the car ride home, that's out of sight out of mind for us, but is it really the best experience for the patient?

I trained and practiced for a long time doing blocks + spinals for TKAs, but now that rapid discharge home is the norm and I can't put morphine in the CSF, it's just way easier to block and GA them.

Especially since most of the historical reasons favoring regional (hoped for reduction in EBL and POCD) have not panned out.
 
They're getting nerve blocks also, though. And opioids work.

This population doesn't really get PDPHs from spinals, but they do sometimes get urinary retention. Nobody likes getting a needle in the back. Lots of these spinal patients get 3/4 of a general anesthetic as "sedation" during the procedure too.

If postop pain relief is the reason for doing a spinal, I think blocks + opioids (which they're going to get postop anyway, there ain't no such thing as an opioid free TKA) are just as good in the grand scheme of things. Unless you're keeping them overnight and can put morphine in the spinal, I'd rather see where they're at in PACU and adjust the opioids or even do a rescue block right then.

If the last bit of spinal analgesia fades on the car ride home, that's out of sight out of mind for us, but is it really the best experience for the patient?

I trained and practiced for a long time doing blocks + spinals for TKAs, but now that rapid discharge home is the norm and I can't put morphine in the CSF, it's just way easier to block and GA them.

Especially since most of the historical reasons favoring regional (hoped for reduction in EBL and POCD) have not panned out.
It’s not on the car ride home more like the evening at home. You seem to want to be stubborn about spinal having no advantages which is completely untrue. And neuraxial opiates I wont even get into but I disagree that they would be helpful in any way. Spinal is a trade off - it’s better pain control and a smoother periop experience for the patient at the expense of delayed discharge . But I’m not totally sure it’s delayed compared to the alternative if patients are spending 2 hrs in recovery anyways after ga and blocks.

So for now I’d rather take the guarantee of smoothness for the patient with the spinal. Last patient of the day at 1pm? I’m tempted to try my luck with just ga and blocks , we’ll see. I continue to be afraid of the possibility uncontrolled posterior pain in order to save myself some discharge time.. i dont trust my surgeon local plus ipack to be as good as receding spinal
 
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Talk to your ortho surgeons: one that I was very collegial with, his patients almost always went home the same day, pain controlled, he told me he was trained to inject in 4 quadrants in the posterior capsule but changed it over time and now injects smaller volumes all over, 20 injection sites, his patients are eating pudding 20 min pacu, and that’s whether spinal or GA

Spinal vs GA: isn’t the evidence less blood loss (probably doesn’t matter) but less risk of postop dvt? One of the other slick ortho guys I worked with, only did elective hips/knees, curated practice always strongly preferred spinals bc of this, wanted 0 complication rate. Both work though. I feel like the spinal is better for elderly despite what a study may say. Less immediate pacu narcs especially in someone with some borderline dementia. I do spinals if the patient selection is right, but I do remember the days of the trauma surgeons wanting them for hip fractures and hosing them to get them on their side
 
Talk to your ortho surgeons: one that I was very collegial with, his patients almost always went home the same day, pain controlled, he told me he was trained to inject in 4 quadrants in the posterior capsule but changed it over time and now injects smaller volumes all over, 20 injection sites, his patients are eating pudding 20 min pacu, and that’s whether spinal or GA

Spinal vs GA: isn’t the evidence less blood loss (probably doesn’t matter) but less risk of postop dvt? One of the other slick ortho guys I worked with, only did elective hips/knees, curated practice always strongly preferred spinals bc of this, wanted 0 complication rate. Both work though. I feel like the spinal is better for elderly despite what a study may say. Less immediate pacu narcs especially in someone with some borderline dementia. I do spinals if the patient selection is right, but I do remember the days of the trauma surgeons wanting them for hip fractures and hosing them to get them on their side

A lot of patients getting hip fractures can be turned with 10-15 of ketamine
 
I do think spinals are beneficial for patients getting elective knee replacement. I look at patients chart postop and they usually don’t get any narcotics even if they get admitted at least for the first 24 hours. They may get 1-2 Percocets on the second day of admission. The spinal gets them through the most painful part of recovery and there is significant windup under Ga. If I do Ga I expect patients to need significantly more narcotics Intraoperative and postop. If I was getting a knee replacement I would rather get a spinal.
 
tka - 0.25% bupi/ ipacks plus acb…total volume 30 ml…prn opioid - same day discharge

tha - spinal vs lma plus facia iliaca with 0.25 % bupiv - pt/ same day discharge

i’m personally not a big fan of spinals for outpatient cases. i don’t like dealing with post op urinary retention or pdph once in while. i prefer lmas for amnesia and titration of fentanyl as needed and i get them spontaneous asap.

i was having to do low dose sevo lma on top of spinal at times as they’d keep talking and then obstruct with propofol gtt - so i don’t bother anymore

shoulders - ett plus 0.75% to 0.5% bupiv isb…25-30 ml. good solid motor block. i intubate my shoulders due to table positioning - no more lmas. but i get them spontaneous again asap.

You are doing fascia iliaca blocks with 0.25% bupivacaine regularly for same day joints? How are they ambulating?
 
They're getting nerve blocks also, though. And opioids work.

This population doesn't really get PDPHs from spinals, but they do sometimes get urinary retention. Nobody likes getting a needle in the back. Lots of these spinal patients get 3/4 of a general anesthetic as "sedation" during the procedure too.

If postop pain relief is the reason for doing a spinal, I think blocks + opioids (which they're going to get postop anyway, there ain't no such thing as an opioid free TKA) are just as good in the grand scheme of things. Unless you're keeping them overnight and can put morphine in the spinal, I'd rather see where they're at in PACU and adjust the opioids or even do a rescue block right then.

If the last bit of spinal analgesia fades on the car ride home, that's out of sight out of mind for us, but is it really the best experience for the patient?

I trained and practiced for a long time doing blocks + spinals for TKAs, but now that rapid discharge home is the norm and I can't put morphine in the CSF, it's just way easier to block and GA them.

Especially since most of the historical reasons favoring regional (hoped for reduction in EBL and POCD) have not panned out.

There is something to be said for spinal anesthetics preventing wind-up and leading to less pain postoperatively even after the spinal has worn off. Preventing the patient's sympathetics from ever going into overdrive when the surgeon is sawing off the proximal tibia and the distal femur is worth something. As you alluded to, adductor blocks and iPACKs aren't cutting it in preventing that stimulation.

Either anesthetic works fine (GA+block vs spinal + block) and anyone who tries to make one method seem far and away better than the other hasn't done either of them enough. Like many things we do, there are pros and cons to each.

For me personally, I have anecdotally found that even after the spinal is long gone, patients are happier, need less opioid in PACU, and are just easier to manage during their time with us.
 
There is something to be said for spinal anesthetics preventing wind-up and leading to less pain postoperatively even after the spinal has worn off. Preventing the patient's sympathetics from ever going into overdrive when the surgeon is sawing off the proximal tibia and the distal femur is worth something. As you alluded to, adductor blocks and iPACKs aren't cutting it in preventing that stimulation.

Either anesthetic works fine (GA+block vs spinal + block) and anyone who tries to make one method seem far and away better than the other hasn't done either of them enough. Like many things we do, there are pros and cons to each.

For me personally, I have anecdotally found that even after the spinal is long gone, patients are happier, need less opioid in PACU, and are just easier to manage during their time with us.

I agree with this. I like mepiv 3 ccs (surgeon dependent) with a little fentanyl (10 or so) and I do think patients end up more comfortable. LMAs are easier to place though. I also like peng/fi blocks (20cc/20-30 cc) and I don't think it hurts ambulation too much.

Interestingly, the most painful cases seem to be those hip scopes in the young. I give them all at least 1-2 of dilaudid and if I don't block them, I get significantly more phone calls from pacu and lengthened stays.
 
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