Despite the comments above from my esteemed colleagues, I haven't much to add to the excellent advice already given.
A CV fellowship is among the more competitive surgical specialties and as such, your application will be improved by research and a university-based residency program (in addition to the standards of gpa and USMLE, letters) over a community program. While it is true that general surgery has become less competitive, the latest issue of Amer J of Surgery notes that the average USMLE scores of applicants has not decreased. There are just fewer applicants now than there used to be (surgery, like many residencies, sees cyclical applications). An interesting feature of this article is that there is a significant difference between USMLE Step 1 scores and the size of the residency program, with larger programs having higher Step 1 scores (up to a program size of 6 at which point the prediction becomes less stable). The larger programs also get significantly more applications as well.
Your job in medical school will be to obtain the best residency for you and your future career goals. While it may be somewhat easier to snag a CV fellowship coming from a posh residency program, it is not unheard of for fellows to have finished basic training in a community program. Besides the contacts at university programs, there is the advantage of lab years - years in which you can do some CV research to boost your application.
Big Bill is right - there is an active discussion about CV on the General Surgery forum which may be of use to you in addition to the FAQs.
Best of luck to you.
