Actual adverse effects that have been reported in association with sugammadex are rare. The most common adverse reactions are vomiting, dry mouth, tachycardia, dizziness and hypotension [
3].
On the other hand, there has been report of
severe hypotension following the administration of sugammadex, with systolic blood pressure falling to 50 mmHg or below [
4].
In addition, Pühringer et al. [
5] reported a relationship between sugammadex and QT interval prolongation. Many nonantiarrhythmic drugs have the adverse effect of delaying cardiac repolarization. As such, it is important to assess whether new drugs have the potential to cause QT prolongation before they go to market. However, Dahl's randomized placebo-controlled safety study of 116 patients in 2009 found that there was no relationship between sugammadex and QTc prolongation [
6]. Furthermore, in de Kam et al. [
7]'s randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 84 volunteers, it was observed that there was no relationship between QT/QTc prolongation and doses of sugammadex up to 32 mg/kg.
Another adverse effect of sugammadex is
severe bradycardia [
8]. Consequently, the FDA recommended that patients be closely monitored for hemodynamic changes during and after its administration. Also, Saito et al. [
9] reported
the occurrence of transient third-degree AV block following 200 mg of sugammadex.
Another undesirable event observed in association with sugammadex administration was the development of negative pressure pulmonary edema. To explain this event, it was hypothesized that the inspiratory force created by the diaphragm may have overcome pharyngeal muscle tone and pharyngeal patency, despite a train-of-four recovery > 0.9 [
10].
Additionally, Palanca et al. [
11] investigated the toxicity of sugammadex on primary nerve cell cultures in rats and observed sugammadex-induced activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Although the authors pointed out that penetration of the blood-brain barrier by sugammadex was usually poor (< 3%), the results suggest potentially severe consequences in cases of inadvertent intrathecal application of sugammadex.
Sugammadex: watch out for new side effects