Residency applicants usually ask me the same questions every year, but this year they routinely asked a new one: “Do advanced practice providers work in your emergency department?”
Some of this is driven by the revelation this past fall that several prominent universities with emergency medicine residencies also had emergency medicine “residencies” for physician assistants. The subsequent social media backlash was ugly, and anxiety is growing among EM residents and applicants about the impact of advanced practice providers (APPs) on their future employment.
As for physician assistants, nearly 13,000 PAs practice emergency medicine, but it is not clear if or how many are practicing independently, but, obviously, they manage patients who would be cared for by emergency physicians in the past.
How did we get here, and where are we going? Nurse practitioners and physician assistants seemed like a good idea 20 years ago when there was a drastic shortage of health care providers and a projection for more significant deficits in the coming decades. The traditional model of university-based medical school and graduate medical education was not capable of fixing this shortfall due to its Byzantine process of expansion.
But market economies thrive by exploiting a crisis, and physician medical education became a lucrative business over the past decade. More and more new private medical schools opened, and would-be doctors were eager to fork over hundreds of thousands of dollars. The subsequent increase in medical school graduates opened the door to creating more post-graduate residency training in emergency medicine. Fueled by large health care corporations with bottomless pockets, the number of EM residency programs skyrocketed.
What has evolved are two competing forms of EM health care providers. One requires considerably more training, creates a higher level of expertise, and is more expensive for the employer. The other requires less clinical training and has less expertise, but is much cheaper for the employer. What is apparent is rather than working in harmony to provide good patient care, these two factions are preparing to battle for their share of a limited pot of money.
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