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"Legal" is complicated. It's an ACGME mandate that residents be paid, and although the ACGME doesn't get involved with housestaff pay scales they would certainly not be happy if they were paid some token salary like $1. So for offical ACGME accredited positions, no.I don't believe that this is legal. This has been discussed on SDN before, and I believe that the consensus is that legitimate residency programs cannot have unpaid house staff. @NotAProgDirector might have more insight, though.
Could hospitals create a non-ACGME accredited spot that pays some minimal salary to do a job? Sure -- it's a job, has nothing to do with GME. So it would be possible for a hospital to create such positions, have these folks work in the clinical setting, then determine whom to match based upon performance. Since they wouldn't be residents, hospitals couldn't use the Medicare billing rules for residents although they could be basically like scribes. Most places won't do this because its complicated, and most HR offices won't be happy with arrangements like this. But it is possible.
Those were the days...others would know better than me as to current rules. decades ago i was a house officer in a gen surgery program but they gave me room and board and 100 bucks a month.