When this was first posted the other day, I was intrigued. But now, I think that limiting applications is a flawed idea that would not promote fairness. I wonder if someone can check my reasoning.
The most direct beneficiary of such a policy is the adcom, not the applicant. For an admissions dean, there would be fewer silly applications to throw away. Even more importantly, however, there would also fewer excellent applications, because each strong applicant could only distribute their application among so many schools.
An adcom would then know for sure that every application that crossed their desk came from someone who put that school in their personal top 20 (or whatever the limit was set at). Not only that, the adcom would know that the applicant could have only so many acceptances. The students they accept would therefore be more likely to matriculate, leading wily admissions deans to recognize that they could offer fewer acceptances. And so, under pressure as always from their superiors, they would start to turn their eye to what costs them money. The same thing that eats up their budgets in today's system: interviews.
To me, this would negate what I had seen as the principal argument in favor of this system, namely:
In my view, the likely result of limiting applications would be
schools reducing the number of applicants they interview.
In this thread,
@LizzyM and
@gyngyn have both said that when they interview applicants they would rather choose not to, by accident or by courtesy, those applicants are almost invariably not accepted. So what is the point of offering interviews outside of the usual pool? Better to focus on the applicants who have a chance, which would simply be a subset of the pool that exists in today's system. In the end, the resources that would have opened up interviews for others would be spirited away from the admissions department toward educational or administrative expenses. Just like application fees are now.
Now it's true that a limited system would be nice for some strong applicants because they would have to travel to fewer interviews. But applicants can choose that path already by applying to no more than 20 schools. Most already do--
the average is about 15. The applicants who are trying their best to get considered at any school, who currently apply to twice that many or more, would get squeezed out in the proposed system just as they do today. It would be good that they could save money on application fees, but they would still be the casualty of the finite number of seats.
I acknowledge that many applications that land on deans' desks shouldn't be there, either because they are not of high enough quality or because they are very unlikely to matriculate. I am not convinced that limiting applicants' choice is a fair solution to this.