Hopefully, I'm able to answer some questions here. Firstly, congratulations on your acceptances to both these schools! It is a tremendous achievement and you should be very proud! I also was deciding between Tufts and UVA (and other schools) but chose UVA in the end so I guess there will be some bias in this answer but I will try to be as objective as possible.
UVA is planning on going entirely P/F for all four years. AOA at UVA is decided on an equal split between leadership, scholarship (so research, etc), and community service. I don't know how its decided at other schools but that is the way its done here. We do not have secret MSPE adjectives ranking us into quartiles and all that is reported is P/F (trust me I've gone on a very deep dive to ensure this).
Back onto UVA vs Tufts. This sounds like Tufts has an edge in location & fit while UVA is has prestige / research opportunities / PF advantage. I want to try to address some of your cons list for UVA -
1) No protected time for research. Only summer research and electives during MS4.
Don't underestimate the value of true P/F on research. I personally have been already able to start research as I can let loose in preclinicals a bit because of true P/F. You don't have to grind it out for a high grade on exams and can settle for a ~70% on each one without any consequences. This applies to all other opportunities including community service, clubs, hobbies, etc. And like you mentioned, there is the summer research program provided for dedicated research.
2) Conflict between faculty and hospital administration about work conditions?
This is a real concern right now at UVA and the CEO is facing a lot of pressure to make changes or resign. Not to do too much of a deep dive into this, but the main issue is in the department of surgery about upcoding for patients to increase revenue for the health system. Then there are some secondary complaints about promotions and potential neglect of employees. This does not apply to the medical school itself which is kind of separated from the rest of the health system. So far, none of the medical students have had any issues with this and it seems to affect primarily the attendings. Students here have no complains with the conditions- we just had a tragedy happen recently and the administration gave us so much support on our upcoming exam later in the week (gave us extra time, moved it so we could take it from home during Thanksgiving). Therapy is offered free of charge to all students and there is a school-dedicated therapist and learning specialist that will work with you individually at any time.
3) Don't love the idea of taking step 2 and then step 1 within 1-2 months.
The Step 2-1 thing is kinda complicated. I'd say a third of the students do it normally (as in take Step 1 after preclinical and take Step 2 after clinical) so that is still open to you if you want to do that. The Step 2 - 1 schedule came out of the switch to P/F for Step 1. Its kind of like they expect you to pass Step 1 because the UVA exams prepare you very well for them so they want to focus all the attention and preparation on Step 2. Step 1 becomes kind of an afterthought where you take the exam just because the accreditation body required us to do so. Because of it, the students score incredibly high on Step 2 which helps when matching into the ultra-competitive specialties. Our scores are like top 10 in the country or something like that. But again, if you want to take Step 1 the traditional way, the administration will let you do that.
I will agree with everyone else that having family nearby and a support system can mean a lot during medical school. I would examine how closely you fit in at Charlottesville & UVA. But P/F and the additional opportunities here are truly amazing and will set you up for a lot of success. I honestly don't know what I would do if I had to enter the rat race with my preclinical exams. No matter what though, you have two great options!!