abortion
- Thread starter daizy
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I assume you mean "recurrent!"
Please specify your question (i.e. spontaneous, therapeutic)
Please specify your question (i.e. spontaneous, therapeutic)
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Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)
Classically, RPL is defined as two to three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions of clinically recognized pregnancies prior to 15 weeks of gestation.
Etiology of Miscarriages in the General Reproductive Population
In each pregnancy there is a risk of miscarriage.
A. Advanced ageRisk of clinical pregnancy loss in women younger than 35 years of age: 9% to 12%
Risk of clinical pregnancy loss in women older than 40 years of age: up to 45%
B. Chromosome anomaly accounts for 50% of miscarriages and risk increases with age of the mother
These may not be associated with gross chromosome anomalies.
D. Structural anomalies of the uterus
Classically, RPL is defined as two to three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions of clinically recognized pregnancies prior to 15 weeks of gestation.
Etiology of Miscarriages in the General Reproductive Population
In each pregnancy there is a risk of miscarriage.
A. Advanced ageRisk of clinical pregnancy loss in women younger than 35 years of age: 9% to 12%
Risk of clinical pregnancy loss in women older than 40 years of age: up to 45%
B. Chromosome anomaly accounts for 50% of miscarriages and risk increases with age of the mother
- <LI class=LM>Trisomy: 50%
<LI class=LM>Polypoid: 20%
<LI class=LM>Monosomy for chromosome X: 18% - Unbalanced translocations: 4%
These may not be associated with gross chromosome anomalies.
D. Structural anomalies of the uterus
- <LI class=LM>Uterine fibroids
<LI class=LM>Uterine septum - Endometrial polyp
- <LI class=LM>Hypothyroidism
- Luteal-phase deficiency
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Etiology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
<LI class=LM>In 50% or more of cases, the etiology of RPL is not known and couples have a completely normal evaluation.
<LI class=LM>
<LI class=LM>Genetic/parental chromosomal abnormality. An occult chromosomal abnormality in either the male or female partner is the cause of RPL in 3% to 5% of all cases. These chromosomal abnormalities are termed 鈥渙ccult鈥?because the individuals who carry them have a normal amount of DNA and appear normal (they are often described as abnormal but balanced).
<LI class=LM>However, portions of their chromosomes are rearranged in a way that makes them less capable of producing cytoge-netically normal gametes and predisposes to RPL.
<LI class=LM>
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by poor obstetric outcomes (recurrent or late pregnancy loss, stillbirth) and thrombophilia in the setting of autoan-tibodies that cause hyper coagulation in vivo. It accounts for approximately 15% of RPL.
Anatomic causes account for 15% of RPL. Congenital abnormalities of the uterus have been strongly associated with early recurrent pregnancy loss and second-trimester loss.
Endocrinologic factors
<LI class=LM>In 50% or more of cases, the etiology of RPL is not known and couples have a completely normal evaluation.
<LI class=LM>
<LI class=LM>Genetic/parental chromosomal abnormality. An occult chromosomal abnormality in either the male or female partner is the cause of RPL in 3% to 5% of all cases. These chromosomal abnormalities are termed 鈥渙ccult鈥?because the individuals who carry them have a normal amount of DNA and appear normal (they are often described as abnormal but balanced).
<LI class=LM>However, portions of their chromosomes are rearranged in a way that makes them less capable of producing cytoge-netically normal gametes and predisposes to RPL.
<LI class=LM>
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by poor obstetric outcomes (recurrent or late pregnancy loss, stillbirth) and thrombophilia in the setting of autoan-tibodies that cause hyper coagulation in vivo. It accounts for approximately 15% of RPL.
Anatomic causes account for 15% of RPL. Congenital abnormalities of the uterus have been strongly associated with early recurrent pregnancy loss and second-trimester loss.
Endocrinologic factors
