I have worked for about 9 months (just finished residency) in the rural midwest. I am starting my GI fellowship this July. I work at a small to medium sized military facility as an internist. I am not there by choice (miltary payback). There are a lot of PAs and NP working here. There's little physician oversight. The midlevels have their own patients. Some do come to me when they know they're in over their heads. I think for the most part they provide adequate care, it's not necessarily standard of care or evidence based but it's adequate. It is more anectdotal. Most of the patients are younger and healthy (40s-50s). The sick or older ones are seen by the internists.
I did my internal medicine residency in a busy medical center. From what I've seen of the civilian doctors (mostly FP) in this rural area, they are no better than the midlevels. I see the same shocking level of boneheaded moves across board; 240 tabs of Percocet/Xanax/Valium (or any highly addictive meds) per month without reevaluating the patient, antibiotics to everyone with a URI, shotgun labs and not following up with the labs, MRI for everyone with back pain, etc.
For the most routine care for a relatively healthy adult in an outpatient setting, a midlevel is no less qualified than an FP or even IM in these rural areas. Internist should be looked at as specialist who manage complext patients (CHF IV, poorly controlled diabetics, the very old and very chronically sick) as an outpatient. Obviously, inpatient should be MD/DO only. If someone has high blood pressure, give them a anti-hypertensive and counsel on lifestyle modification. A midlevel can do a sports physical in a healthy 17 or 18 year old. What's hard about reminding someone to get their flu shot or other vaccines? There's nothing special about that. An NP/PA can do that.