Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[ddsaspi]

i do not answers for these, just know one only...🙁

hey teethie,
isn't papain an artificial enzyme. is it produced in human digestive tract??

 

[ddsaspi]

Plz answer these Qs:

what type of cells found in sclera.
Fibroblasts

what brachial pouch does cranial nerve 7th come from (Not Brachial Arch)
Should be pouch 1, coz it has all middle and inner ear derivatives. since 7th nerve also has its course in middle ear it is the only possible pouch.


which muscle is crossed by lingual artery
hyoglossus

what is anterior to ethmoidal sinuses
bulla ethamoidalis, superior meatus and hiatus semilunaris, depending on the options. if all three are options then it would be hiatus as it is the opening of ant. most sinus.

how many unpaired sinuses are there.
superior sagittal, inferior sagittal and straight. anymore??

where does orthokeratinised epitheliun found in mouth.
gingiva-attached and marginal, and hard palate.

what type of collagen is found in blood vessels
type 3, reticular type
what type of pencillin do you use for gram negative bacteria.


what type of collagen do you find in sclera.
type 2, would be same as cornea, as it is the posterior continuation of the same.

how do you cure chronic gastritis?

Which of the following may cause malabsorption of vitamins, fats, proteins?
a) ulcerative colitis
b) crohn's disease
c) obstructive jaundice
d) chronic atrophic gastritis.
e) giardiasis. Answer, (going by the elimination method,🙂)

oncogenes are activated by each of the following except one
a) trandustion of protooncogene answer
b) gene amplification
c) point mutation
d) chromosomal translocation

Where is the cushing syndrome hormone is synthesized
a) hypothalamus
b) pititary answer
Adrenal cortex is not given

which is the most common site for dental procedure leading to hematoma. pterygoid plexus, during PSA

.

 

[DrGSP]

.

what type of cells found in sclera.
Fibroblasts

what brachial pouch does cranial nerve 7th come from (Not Brachial Arch)
Should be pouch 1, coz it has all middle and inner ear derivatives. since 7th nerve also has its course in middle ear it is the only possible pouch.

I think it is 2nd pouch - middle ear structures like stapedius is supplied by facial nerve. Tonsils develop from here.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)



which muscle is crossed by lingual artery
hyoglossus

what is anterior to ethmoidal sinuses
bulla ethamoidalis, superior meatus and hiatus semilunaris, depending on the options. if all three are options then it would be hiatus as it is the opening of ant. most sinus.

The lacrimal bone is between the fronto nasal process and the ethmoid bone in the medial wall of orbit. ----not sure
Ethmoid bone inferiorly froms the Superior and middle nasal conchae. Forms the perpendicular plate contributes to superior part of nasal septum. So communicates with nasal cavity here.
The ethmoid bone has 3 sinuses. Anterior ethmoid drains- via infundibulum (middle meatus), Middle ethmoidal sinus - via bulla ethmoidalis (middle meatus), posterior ethmoidal sinus drains into - Superior Meatus.
Answer depends on the choices....

Maxillary Sinus drains via ostium within hiatus semilunaris (midddle meatus)


how many unpaired sinuses are there.
superior sagittal, inferior sagittal and straight. anymore??

where does orthokeratinised epitheliun found in mouth.
gingiva-attached and marginal, and hard palate.

what type of collagen is found in blood vessels
type 3, reticular type
what type of pencillin do you use for gram negative bacteria.


what type of collagen do you find in sclera.
type 2, would be same as cornea, as it is the posterior continuation of the same.

I think it is Type 1, Since defect of type 1 causes Osteogenesis imperfecta leading to defect bone formation and blue sclera..
please see:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta


how do you cure chronic gastritis?

Which of the following may cause malabsorption of vitamins, fats, proteins?
a) ulcerative colitis
b) crohn's disease
c) obstructive jaundice
d) chronic atrophic gastritis.
e) giardiasis. Answer, (going by the elimination method,🙂)

oncogenes are activated by each of the following except one
a) trandustion of protooncogene answer
b) gene amplification
c) point mutation
d) chromosomal translocation

Where is the cushing syndrome hormone is synthesized
a) hypothalamus
b) pititary answer
Adrenal cortex is not given

which is the most common site for dental procedure leading to hematoma. pterygoid plexus, during PSA

 

[asheer]

the sclera has the fibroblasts ! but if the option is given as the melanocytes u can also choose that as an ans cos they r the one which give the blue colour to the sclera in the childhood !!!!! n present in one of the 4 layers of sclera!!🙂

 

[ddsaspi]

the sclera has the fibroblasts ! but if the option is given as the melanocytes u can also choose that as an ans cos they r the one which give the blue colour to the sclera in the childhood !!!!! n present in one of the 4 layers of sclera!!🙂

are you sure,I am kind of thought so from what I have read, coz sclera is the white portion of the eye. only type of cells in sclera are fibroblasts.this what i know from kaplan, what about these 4 layers, i am aware of 5 layers of cornea. can you specify your source.

Blue colour of sclera is by thinning of the sclera, which leads to the underlying choroid plexus from showing through. Not 'coz of melanocytes. (Pigment cell layer is formed by choroid plexus).

 

[ddsaspi]

what type of cells found in sclera.
Fibroblasts

what brachial pouch does cranial nerve 7th come from (Not Brachial Arch)
Should be pouch 1, coz it has all middle and inner ear derivatives. since 7th nerve also has its course in middle ear it is the only possible pouch.

I think it is 2nd pouch - middle ear structures like stapedius is supplied by facial nerve. Tonsils develop from here.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)





which muscle is crossed by lingual artery
hyoglossus

what is anterior to ethmoidal sinuses
bulla ethamoidalis, superior meatus and hiatus semilunaris, depending on the options. if all three are options then it would be hiatus as it is the opening of ant. most sinus.

The lacrimal bone is between the fronto nasal process and the ethmoid bone in the medial wall of orbit. ----not sure
Ethmoid bone inferiorly froms the Superior and middle nasal conchae. Forms the perpendicular plate contributes to superior part of nasal septum. So communicates with nasal cavity here.
The ethmoid bone has 3 sinuses. Anterior ethmoid drains- via infundibulum (middle meatus), Middle ethmoidal sinus - via bulla ethmoidalis (middle meatus), posterior ethmoidal sinus drains into - Superior Meatus.
Answer depends on the choices....

Maxillary Sinus drains via ostium within hiatus semilunaris (midddle meatus)


how many unpaired sinuses are there.
superior sagittal, inferior sagittal and straight. anymore??

where does orthokeratinised epitheliun found in mouth.
gingiva-attached and marginal, and hard palate.

what type of collagen is found in blood vessels
type 3, reticular type
what type of pencillin do you use for gram negative bacteria.


what type of collagen do you find in sclera.
type 2, would be same as cornea, as it is the posterior continuation of the same.

I think it is Type 1, Since defect of type 1 causes Osteogenesis imperfecta leading to defect bone formation and blue sclera..
please see:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta


how do you cure chronic gastritis?

Which of the following may cause malabsorption of vitamins, fats, proteins?
a) ulcerative colitis
b) crohn's disease
c) obstructive jaundice
d) chronic atrophic gastritis.
e) giardiasis. Answer, (going by the elimination method,🙂)

oncogenes are activated by each of the following except one
a) trandustion of protooncogene answer
b) gene amplification
c) point mutation
d) chromosomal translocation

Where is the cushing syndrome hormone is synthesized
a) hypothalamus
b) pititary answer
Adrenal cortex is not given

which is the most common site for dental procedure leading to hematoma. pterygoid plexus, during PSA

drGSP thanks a tonn for the explanations, i was trying to reach answers through little knowledge i have.. that is why i supplement the not so sure answers, with the reasons through which I am reaching them..

 

[teethie]

Deficiency of oxaloaceticacid leads to
a. increase cori cycle
b. increase ketone body synthesis, how would it, ??
c. increase krebs cycle
d. decrease gluconeogenesis, answer...................🙂
For gluconeogenesis to proceed, the OAA produced by PC needs to be transported to the cytosol. However, no transport mechanism exist for its' direct transfer and OAA will not freely diffuse. Mitochondrial OAA can become cytosolic via three pathways, conversion to PEP, transamination to aspartate or reduction to malate, all of which are transported to the cytosol.

papain is not produced in our body buttaken from external source for digestion. An antibody digested by papain yields three fragments: two 50 kDa Fab fragments and one 50kDa Fc fragment. The papain-digested antibody is unable to promote agglutination, precipitation, opsonization, and lysis
there were no choices given in the question, so my answer is papain and pepsin both.
for immunoglobulin question, see this link

http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/IgStruct2000.htm

 

[teethie]

wdent, see my post why decreased gluconeogenesis is the answer.

thanks teethie !

 

[asheer]

hey i read that frm wiki : check this hope it helps🙂
\
The collagen of the sclera is continuous with the cornea. From outer to innermost, the four layers of the sclera are:

• episclera
• stroma
• lamina fusca
• endothelium

The sclera is opaque due to the irregularity of the collagen fibers, as opposed to the near-uniform thickness and parallel arrangement of the corneal collagen. Moreover, the cornea bears more mucopolysaccharide (a carbohydrate that has among its repeating units a nitrogenous sugar, hexosamine) to embed the fibrils.
The cornea, unlike the sclera, has 5 layers. The middle, thickest layer is also called the stroma. The sclera, like the cornea, contains a basal endothelium, above which there is the lamina fusca, containing a high count of pigment cells. [4]
Sometimes, very small gray-blue spots can appear on the sclera, a harmless condition called scleral melanocytosis.
[edit] Additional images

 

[asheer]

any one givin exam in august? am givin it on august end and extremely tensed 🙁

 

[teethie]

hi guys, i came across the same question

Which of the following may cause malabsorption of vitamins, fats, proteins?
a) ulcerative colitis
b) crohn's disease
c) obstructive jaundice
d) chronic atrophic gastritis
e) giardiasis

but my question is which of these is an exception that does not cause malabsorption.

drdds3 please confirm if your question statement is incomplete.

pl help me with the following ques..
1) which is the most effective method for disinfectionof skin prior to obtain blood specimen
70% ethanol
2% tincture iodine
isopropyl alcohol is not a choice so can we go with ethanol here??

2) epidemic of HIV related disease bears major responsibility for resurgence of which respiratory pathogen?
a)strep pneumoniae
b)my. tuberculosis
c)mycoplasm pneumoniae
d)hemophilus influenzae
e)strep pyogenes

i can not understand this question, please explain...

3) does haptens get activated by epinephrine???

4) nephrosclerosis is the autopsy finding in essential hypertension....right?

 

[teethie]

i am in first week of september ,too stressed. let us be strength of each other
some of the questions posted on sdn , i have no clue....looks like i am not prepared at all.🙁

any one givin exam in august? am givin it on august end and extremely tensed 🙁

 

[asheer]

pl help me with the following ques..
1) which is the most effective method for disinfectionof skin prior to obtain blood specimen
70% ethanol

2% tincture iodine==ans( contains alcohol and iodine in equal amnts)

isopropyl alcohol is not a choice so can we go with ethanol here??

2) epidemic of HIV related disease bears major responsibility for resurgence of which respiratory pathogen?
a)strep pneumoniae
b)my. tuberculosis=========ANS( resurgence is eactivation of the pathogen)

c)mycoplasm pneumoniae
d)hemophilus influenzae
e)strep pyogenes

i can not understand this question, please explain...

3) does haptens get activated by epinephrine??? ==do they hav no idea the haptens are antigenic substances wat will dey have to do wid epinephrine ??????

 

[rose82]

i am in first week of september ,too stressed. let us be strength of each other
some of the questions posted on sdn , i have no clue....looks like i am not prepared at all.🙁

hey both of u...all the best.dont worry,you both have prepared well.Pl remember,we cannot know everything 100%.Just go thru the q's in the thread,know the answers.Dont get tensed seeing these q's.keep revising ur material and go with a relaxed mind.Its very imp to think with a cool mind.Im sure u'll do well.

 

[teethie]

thanks asheer,
thank u rose82 for your encouraging words.🙂

 

[elmos]

thanks asheer,
thank u rose82 for your encouraging words.🙂

good luck teethie but for oxaloacetate deficiency, i think increase ketone body, because, acetyl coa can't enter the krebs cycle so it will switch to the synthesis of ketone body. and i think it will no decrease gluconeogenesis it will stop it. so pls i'm waiting for ur reply.

 

[elmos]

good luck asheer and teethie, and best wishes

 

[goodteethgirl]

whats order of contacts? my class notes say:

in order of central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st premolar, 2nd premold, 1st molar, 2 M, 3M...
max: IJ, IM, JM, MM,MM, JM, JM, JM
mand: II, II, IJ, JO, JM, JM , JM,JM

but back and decks (card 13 in dental anatomy) say that madibular canine distal contact is M

so is this right? or is there any others wrong on this?
max: IJ, IM, JM, MM,MM, JM, JM, JM
mand: II, II, IM, JO, JM, JM , JM,JM

Permanent teeth roots have a distal inclination, but on deck card 13 - how come lingual photo of mandibular right canine the root is inclined to the mesial (towards left of card)? we know the left side is mesial because the cusp tip is high and more straight and shorter on the left

 

[teethie]

thank u elmos, i am now stuck with words. decrease and increase.

i think u and wdent r right too, i am blank now.
anyone pl clear...

good luck teethie but for oxaloacetate deficiency, i think increase ketone body, because, acetyl coa can't enter the krebs cycle so it will switch to the synthesis of ketone body. and i think it will no decrease gluconeogenesis it will stop it. so pls i'm waiting for ur reply.

 

[rakhi]

Which is not innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A-Geniohyoid
B-Thyrohyoid
C-Omohyoid
D-Sternohyoid
E-Sternothyroid

Answer given is geniohyoid.

Why it is not thyrohyoid?

i thought geniohyoid is innervated by c1 and hypoglossal via ansacervicalis and thyrohyoid by c1 via hypoglossal.so the answer should be thyohyoid ,right?🙁
please make this clear
Thanks in advance

 

[teethie]

pl help.

each of these is a feature of acute pancreatitis except?
fibrosis
parenchymal necrosis
inflammation
fat necrosis

the most effective means of preventing disease transmission in dental office
sterilization
universal precautions

 

[wdent]

pl help.

each of these is a feature of acute pancreatitis except?
fibrosis ..........Answer but iam not really 100% sure!
parenchymal necrosis
inflammation
fat necrosis

the most effective means of preventing disease transmission in dental office
sterilization
universal precaution...........answer

pls correct me if iam wrong !

 

[elmos]

i agree with w dent cause fibrosis takes long time it happens in chronic
and also universal precautions is the effective way because it includes the sterilization.

 

[wdent]

Thanks Elmos ..thats what came into my mind about pancreatitis that its says (ACUTE) ..
Thanks for confirming !

 

[teethie]

thanks a lot wdent and elmos.🙂

 

[ddsaspi]

any one givin exam in august? am givin it on august end and extremely tensed 🙁

Hey Asheer I am with you, or may be before you.. taking it this week.. all the best man.. you'll do well, for sure

Teethie you still have time on your hand man.. we are the one freaking out...
👍👍

 

[teethie]

hey ddsaspi and asheer, all the very best to you.👍

 

[ddsaspi]

hey i read that frm wiki : check this hope it helps🙂
\
The collagen of the sclera is continuous with the cornea. From outer to innermost, the four layers of the sclera are:

• episclera
• stroma
• lamina fusca
• endothelium

The sclera is opaque due to the irregularity of the collagen fibers, as opposed to the near-uniform thickness and parallel arrangement of the corneal collagen. Moreover, the cornea bears more mucopolysaccharide (a carbohydrate that has among its repeating units a nitrogenous sugar, hexosamine) to embed the fibrils.
The cornea, unlike the sclera, has 5 layers. The middle, thickest layer is also called the stroma. The sclera, like the cornea, contains a basal endothelium, above which there is the lamina fusca, containing a high count of pigment cells. [4]
Sometimes, very small gray-blue spots can appear on the sclera, a harmless condition called scleral melanocytosis.
[edit] Additional images

Thanks Asheer!!
ok so there are three cells, endothilial, melanocytes and fibroblasts, we gotta choose amongst these when given as options.
which would be the answer if all three are given..

 

[ddsaspi]

hey ddsaspi and asheer, all the very best to you.👍

Thanks!! well exam day would tell!!

 

[docveda]

it is the primary mandibular first molar

Quote:
Originally Posted by d dimps View Post
ques :which primary molar is the most atypical of all the molars in the primary and permanent?
1) primary mandibular first molar.
2) primary maxillary first molar.
3) primary mandibular second molar.
4) primary maxillary second molar.


I thought the decks said it was the primary max first molar. Correct me if im wrong.

 

[ddsaspi]

hi guys, i came across the same question

Which of the following may cause malabsorption of vitamins, fats, proteins?
a) ulcerative colitis Answer..doesn't cause any malabsorption as it is limited to the rectum
b) crohn's disease
c) obstructive jaundice
d) chronic atrophic gastritis
e) giardiasis

but my question is which of these is an exception that does not cause malabsorption.

drdds3 please confirm if your question statement is incomplete.

pl help me with the following ques..
1) which is the most effective method for disinfectionof skin prior to obtain blood specimen
70% ethanol
2% tincture iodine
isopropyl alcohol is not a choice so can we go with ethanol here??
Not sure, but i guess we wouldn't use tincture iodine, coz in it alcohol is just used to dissolve the iodine, and alcohol isn't the one causing disinfection here.
Ethanol is a better disinfectant and closer to isopropyl alcohol in function.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol#Antiseptic

2) epidemic of HIV related disease bears major responsibility for resurgence of which respiratory pathogen?
a)strep pneumoniae
b)my. tuberculosis. answeras AIDS is major cause of resurgence of M tuberculosis in developed countries like US. other infections like H. influenza and Strep pneumonia are normal pathogens with normally high incidence even in normal individuals.
c)mycoplasm pneumoniae
d)hemophilus influenzae
e)strep pyogenes

i can not understand this question, please explain... Nor can I

3) does haptens get activated by epinephrine??? they do get activated once in contact with surface proteins but have no idea about epinephrine, works like surface protein to make haptens antigens anywhere.

4) nephrosclerosis is the autopsy finding in essential hypertension....right?
Yes because essential HT is a silent disease so this would be one of the findings on autopsy..

 

[ddsaspi]

Quote:
Originally Posted by d dimps View Post
ques :which primary molar is the most atypical of all the molars in the primary and permanent?
1) primary mandibular first molar.
2) primary maxillary first molar.
3) primary mandibular second molar.
4) primary maxillary second molar.


I thought the decks said it was the primary max first molar. Correct me if im wrong.

Answer primary mandibular first molar, it doesn't resemble any other tooth in dental arch. primary maxilllary first molar resembles the maxillary premolars to some extent. therefore (1) is the answer.

 

[teethie]

thanks for ur answers and i go with 70% ethanol. i also checked it on web.

I agree with you on primary mand 1 st molar.

Answer primary mandibular first molar, it doesn't resemble any other tooth in dental arch. primary maxilllary first molar resembles the maxillary premolars to some extent. therefore (1) is the answer.

 

[wdent]

Salivary, sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands all have what in common?
a.Exocrine

b.Endocrine

c.Apocrine................answer !!! is that true !!!!

d.Halocrine

 

[asheer]

THANKS ALOT PALS !!!!🙂 so happy to see u all wish the best fr us !! fr sure we alll will do very well in this exam!!!!!!👍 n ddsaspi all the very best to u bro 👍 wish u all the luck ! ll wait to hear abt ur experience of the exam !🙂

 

[ddsaspi]

Which is not innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A-Geniohyoid
B-Thyrohyoid
C-Omohyoid
D-Sternohyoid
E-Sternothyroid

Answer given is geniohyoid.

Why it is not thyrohyoid?

i thought geniohyoid is innervated by c1 and hypoglossal via ansacervicalis and thyrohyoid by c1 via hypoglossal.so the answer should be thyohyoid ,right?🙁
please make this clear
Thanks in advance

As to my understanding here goes.. C1 supplies hypoglossal fibers to Geniohyoid, this is a muscle closely related to other tongue muscles so they bear the same innervation. as we go down the hyoid, to the thyroid, the supply shifts to ansa cervicalis, exception being thyrohyoid which receives fibers from X11 through first branch of ansa cervicalis.

refer to diag on page 65 of first aid on cervical plexus..

 

[asheer]

the ans fr that qstn wud be === EXOCRINE cos only the mammary glands the apocrine the sebaceous r holocrine n the sweat n salivary glands r merocrine or eccrine !!!!! but remember the axillary sweat g are apocrine🙂

 

[ddsaspi]

THANKS ALOT PALS !!!!🙂 so happy to see u all wish the best fr us !! fr sure we alll will do very well in this exam!!!!!!👍 n ddsaspi all the very best to u bro 👍 wish u all the luck ! ll wait to hear abt ur experience of the exam !🙂

@ asheer, rose 82..When is yours..
P.s. i love sdn for the gender blindness.. lol😉

 

[teethie]

good one ddsapi, did you mean to reveal yours...sister, that was unknown before😉

 

[DrGSP]

Good luck from me too.

 

[drdds3]

Please answer these Qs:

which is least likely to infect a burn lesion
a) psueddomonas
b) staphylococcus aureus
c) clostidium tetani
d) mycobacterium ulceratum

Section below the T4 of spinal chord. what do u worry about?
a) Bowel emptying
b) high blood pressure
c) temperature regulation

How is the Influenza get its genetic diversity
a) genetic reaasortment
b) genetic reaarangement
c) mutations

Most common carcinoma of lung
a) squamous cell carcinoma (According to ASDA papers this is the answer)
b) adenocarcinoma (According to decks 2010 this is the answer)

Which is least likely metastasis to bone
A) tongue
b) colon

What is the possible cause of pulmonary emboli
a) arterial thrombosis
b) paraplegia

How many heme molecules and globular protein chains
a) 4 heme & 1 protein
b) 1heme & 4 proteins
c) 4 heme & 4 chains

WHich is the direct tributary of celiac trunk
a) left gastric
b) common hepatic
c) splenic

What is associated with mushroom toxin that effects mRNA?

 

[rakhi]

As to my understanding here goes.. C1 supplies hypoglossal fibers to Geniohyoid, this is a muscle closely related to other tongue muscles so they bear the same innervation. as we go down the hyoid, to the thyroid, the supply shifts to ansa cervicalis, exception being thyrohyoid which receives fibers from X11 through first branch of ansa cervicalis.

refer to diag on page 65 of first aid on cervical plexus..

Thanks a lot for replying ddsaspi...

So what i understood is answer should be thyrohyoid and answer key given in asda paper is wrong?please confirm
thanks

 

[wdent]

Thanks asheer for the confirming !
Wish u all best in ur exam , u can do it and we all can do it!

 

[wdent]

Please answer these Qs:

which is least likely to infect a burn lesion
a) psueddomonas
b) staphylococcus aureus
c) clostidium tetani..........answer
d) mycobacterium ulceratum

Section below the T4 of spinal chord. what do u worry about?
a) Bowel emptying...i think so !
b) high blood pressure
c) temperature regulation

How is the Influenza get its genetic diversity
a) genetic reaasortment ...........answer
b) genetic reaarangement
c) mutations

Most common carcinoma of lung
a) squamous cell carcinoma (According to ASDA papers this is the answer)....its true in ASDA and ive seen it also in NBDE Ist aid
b) adenocarcinoma (According to decks 2010 this is the answer)

Which is least likely metastasis to bone
A) tongue...........answer
b) colon

What is the possible cause of pulmonary emboli ?????
a) arterial thrombosis
b) paraplegia

How many heme molecules and globular protein chains
a) 4 heme & 1 protein
b) 1heme & 4 proteins
c) 4 heme & 4 chains......i think so

WHich is the direct tributary of celiac trunk
a) left gastric
b) common hepatic
c) splenic.........4 sure

What is associated with mushroom toxin that effects mRNA?

Pls correct when ever possible !!!

 

[teethie]

atleast I know some :

Please answer these Qs:

which is least likely to infect a burn lesion
a) psueddomonas
b) staphylococcus aureus
c) clostidium tetani
d) mycobacterium ulceratum

Section below the T4 of spinal chord. what do u worry about?
a) Bowel emptying
b) high blood pressure
c) temperature regulation

How is the Influenza get its genetic diversity
a) genetic reaasortment-----, agree wdent
b) genetic reaarangement
c) mutations ???
Most common carcinoma of lung
a) squamous cell carcinoma (According to ASDA papers this is the answer)---- kaplan also says this.
b) adenocarcinoma (According to decks 2010 this is the answer)-----------go with it.

Which is least likely metastasis to bone
A) tongue--------answer
b) colon

What is the possible cause of pulmonary emboli
a) arterial thrombosis----------
b) paraplegia----------------------agree with joefosho315

How many heme molecules and globular protein chains-
---------could not understand
a) 4 heme & 1 protein
b) 1heme & 4 proteins
c) 4 heme & 4 chains

WHich is the direct tributary of celiac trunk
a) left gastric
b) common hepatic
c) splenic

What is associated with mushroom toxin that effects mRNA?
the amatoxins and the phallotoxins
amatoxins major toxic mechanism is the inhibition of RNA polymerase II, a vital enzyme in the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA, and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). Without mRNA essential protein synthesis and hence cell metabolism grind to a halt and the cell dies.

 

[deck]

all of following maybe related to dental caries, except

-strep mutan
-actinobacillus actinomycetemocomitans (answer)
-actinomyces israeli (why not this one?)😕
-lactobacillus casei

 

[deck]

Salivary, sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands all have what in common?
a.Exocrine

b.Endocrine

c.Apocrine................answer !!! is that true !!!!

d.Halocrine

The answer should be a?
Because mammary gland is apocrine, but sebaceous glands of skin are halocrine...Hope this help

 

[joefosho315]

Please answer these Qs:

which is least likely to infect a burn lesion
a) psueddomonas
b) staphylococcus aureus
c) clostidium tetani**Correct: this is bc clostridium is an obligate anaerobe and is not able to withstand the O2 present on surface burns. Note that all the other choices A + D are obligate aerobes while B is a facultative anaerobe.
d) mycobacterium ulceratum

Section below the T4 of spinal chord. what do u worry about?
a) Bowel emptying**Correct: Bowel emptying is mediated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves derived by the sacral portion (which is inferior to T4) of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) system.
b) high blood pressure
c) temperature regulation

How is the Influenza get its genetic diversity
a) genetic reaasortment
b) genetic reaarangement
c) mutations
**Really tricky. Definitely not C, but either A or B. I know for sure that genetic reassortment causes antigenic shift (not drift) as when happens when 2 different viruses infect the same host, resulting in viral progeny containing a mix of both viruses. (swine flu, avian flu, etc.) But genetic rearrangement may be what we see in genetic drift (not shift). So I'm not sure.

Most common carcinoma of lung
a) squamous cell carcinoma (According to ASDA papers this is the answer)
b) adenocarcinoma (According to decks 2010 this is the answer)

Which is least likely metastasis to bone
A) tongue**Correct
b) colon

What is the possible cause of pulmonary emboli
a) arterial thrombosis
b) paraplegia**Correct: A is not the answer bc only venous thromboses can travel up to the lung to become a pulmonary embolus. Arterial emboli will travel distally away from the lungs. As for venous thromboses, one risk factor is venous stasis, as would be exhibited by paraplegia and the inability to contract skeletal muscles to facilitate the normal flow of venous blood.

How many heme molecules and globular protein chains
a) 4 heme & 1 protein
b) 1heme & 4 proteins**Correct: Hemoglobin consists of 1 centered heme molecule on 2 sets of paired globular proteins (a2b2, a2d2, etc). Mutations in one of these types of globulins is the basis of thalassemias.
c) 4 heme & 4 chains

WHich is the direct tributary of celiac trunk
a) left gastric
b) common hepatic
c) splenic

What is associated with mushroom toxin that effects mRNA?

My answers are in red.

 

[deck]

My answers are in red.

How many heme molecules and globular protein chains
a) 4 heme & 1 protein
b) 1heme & 4 proteins**Correct: Hemoglobin consists of 1 centered heme molecule on 2 sets of paired globular proteins (a2b2, a2d2, etc). Mutations in one of these types of globulins is the basis of thalassemias.
c) 4 heme & 4 chains (I think C is correct, because each peptide chain will attach to one heme, so 4 heme requires 4 chains....anyone agree with me???

 

[rose82]

@ asheer, rose 82..When is yours..
P.s. i love sdn for the gender blindness.. lol😉

well 1st i thought june...then july..then sept..now latest date is oct (btw i have time till nov only👎)