Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[anniemirza]

Thank you all for ur input ..can someone pls check deck # 109 dental anat

There seems to be something wrong at the bottom of the back of the card ( importnat point : The laterotrusive movement .... )

Hehe thats wrong...how can it move on the facial embrassure...it shud be the lingual embrassure since mandible is moving away!
Mistake in the decks!!

 

[Cindrella]

Hehe thats wrong...how can it move on the facial embrassure...it shud be the lingual embrassure since mandible is moving away!
Mistake in the decks!!

Thank you ! My jaw has been hurting since evening trying to mimic these movements ... lol Yeah so card # 109 should be laterotrusive ..and that describes the non working side movement ... !!

 

[bratdoc]

Thank you all for ur input ..can someone pls check deck # 109 dental anat

There seems to be something wrong at the bottom of the back of the card ( importnat point : The laterotrusive movement .... )

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Premolar / Inf – Card: #109 Posted on 8/3/10

On the back of the card, last paragraph, Important: should read as follows:

Important: In a laterotrusive movement (non-working, right and left), the lingual cusp of a maxillary second premolar passes through the facial embrasure between the second premolar and the first molar.

Additional note: In a laterotrusive movement (working, right and left), the lingual cusp of a maxillary second premolar passes through the lingual embrasure between the second premolar and the first molar.

http://www.dentaldecks.com/pages/Morecorrections.aspx

make sure to keep checking the site!!

 

[teethie]

Agree👍👍

Hehe thats wrong...how can it move on the facial embrassure...it shud be the lingual embrassure since mandible is moving away!
Mistake in the decks!!

 

[Cindrella]

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Premolar / Inf – Card: #109 Posted on 8/3/10

On the back of the card, last paragraph, Important: should read as follows:

Important: In a laterotrusive movement (non-working, right and left), the lingual cusp of a maxillary second premolar passes through the facial embrasure between the second premolar and the first molar.

Additional note: In a laterotrusive movement (working, right and left), the lingual cusp of a maxillary second premolar passes through the lingual embrasure between the second premolar and the first molar.

http://www.dentaldecks.com/pages/Morecorrections.aspx

make sure to keep checking the site!!

@ teethie - Thank you .
@ thanks bratdoc - yup will check the site

Group function occ. please

 

[teethie]

You came as a show stopper and finally put an end to all controversies🙂

 

[anniemirza]

Thank you ! My jaw has been hurting since evening trying to mimic these movements ... lol Yeah so card # 109 should be laterotrusive ..and that describes the non working side movement ... !!

haha yea right!!that thing hapens in mediotrusive side not laterotrusive.

 

[bratdoc]

You came as a show stopper and finally put an end to all controversies🙂


Hahahaha I am glad i could be of some help!
😉

 

[Svetlana]

How do you remember guys eruption sequence,calcification,root completion of primary dentition?
any easy,quick mnemonic?

 

[wdent]

hello SDN friends
Have a question its driving me nutts probably u guys too lol hehehe just kidding

Well here it is Quest. number 41 ASDA paper year 1977 released in 1979 (IA)

Quest 49. In lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion the mesial cusp ridge of the mandibular ist premolar contacts ?--- The mesiolingual slope of the buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar .....answer WHYYYYY?????? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! can someone pls explain !!!!!!!!

thanks in advance !

 

[anniemirza]

hello SDN friends
Have a question its driving me nutts probably u guys too lol hehehe just kidding

Well here it is Quest. number 41 ASDA paper year 1977 released in 1979 (IA)

Quest 49. In lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion the mesial cusp ridge of the mandibular ist premolar contacts ?--- The mesiolingual slope of the buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar .....answer WHYYYYY?????? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! can someone pls explain !!!!!!!!

thanks in advance !

mesial cusp of mandibular 1st molar or premolar is it???....if u mean premolar ...it shud be buccal cusp...neways answer for both:
ANYWAYS on laterotrusion,MANDI 1st pm cusp ridge wud occlude the MESIAL slope of 1st maxi pm and the DISTAL slope of CANINE.

 

[teethie]

wdent, i think you did a typo error choice is The mesiolingual slope of the buccal cusp of the maxillary first pre molar

hello SDN friends
Have a question its driving me nutts probably u guys too lol hehehe just kidding

Well here it is Quest. number 41 ASDA paper year 1977 released in 1979 (IA)

Quest 49. In lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion the mesial cusp ridge of the mandibular ist premolar contacts ?--- The mesiolingual slope of the buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar .....answer WHYYYYY?????? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! can someone pls explain !!!!!!!!

thanks in advance !

 

[teethie]

ideally, this is what happens:

Premolar cusps of mandibular contact the mesial marginal ridge of the counterpart and the distal marginal ridge of the tooth MESIAL to it​

now in lateral excursions, mand teeth come buccally and distally so it
will be in contact with mesiolingual slope of max 1st premolar.

hello SDN friends
Have a question its driving me nutts probably u guys too lol hehehe just kidding

Well here it is Quest. number 41 ASDA paper year 1977 released in 1979 (IA)

Quest 49. In lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion the mesial cusp ridge of the mandibular ist premolar contacts ?--- The mesiolingual slope of the buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar .....answer WHYYYYY?????? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! can someone pls explain !!!!!!!!

thanks in advance !

 

[anniemirza]

...

 

[teethie]

hey annie, what u wrote is MANDI 1st pm cusp ridge wud occlude the MESIAL slope of 1st maxi pm and the DISTAL slope of CANINE
is not this true in ideal occlusion. i mean not in laterotrusion right...😕😕😕

mesial cusp of mandibular 1st molar or premolar is it???....if u mean premolar ...it shud be buccal cusp...neways answer for both:
ANYWAYS on laterotrusion,MANDI 1st pm cusp ridge wud occlude the MESIAL slope of 1st maxi pm and the DISTAL slope of CANINE.

 

[anniemirza]

hey annie, what u wrote is MANDI 1st pm cusp ridge wud occlude the MESIAL slope of 1st maxi pm and the DISTAL slope of CANINE
is not this true in ideal occlusion. i mean not in laterotrusion right...😕😕😕

teethie....laterotrusion is nothing but mandible on the outer side and maxilla goin in rt???its just like a crossbite occlusion...only the inclines/slopes change....but the anteroposterior position of mand and maxi remains constant...bucco-lingual position changes dats it.

 

[wdent]

Yes ur rite SORRY the typo WAS wrong ...thanks teethie and annie

In lateral excursion on a patient with ideal occlusion the mesial cusp ridge of the mandibular ist premolar contacts ?--- The mesiolingual slope of the buccal cusp of the maxillary first premolar .....answer

Its still kinda confusing !!!! le me think about more and ill be right back with u in case if i didnt understand it ,,thanks

 

[teethie]

lets not debate over it. i go with my concept, and u go with yours.
as long as our answer matches. thats ok😉😉

teethie....laterotrusion is nothing but mandible on the outer side and maxilla goin in rt???its just like a crossbite occlusion...only the inclines/slopes change....but the anteroposterior position of mand and maxi remains constant...bucco-lingual position changes dats it.

 

[perfectionist1]

....

 

[perfectionist1]

Q.
can somebody explain me the mechanism behind the unilateral facial palsy and the UMN and LMN...like where do v see UMN/LMN....whats hapening inside brain???

 

[teethie]

to let u all know,
transverse ridge is
seen in:
mand 1st premolar
mand 1st molar and
primary mand 1st molar.

 

[teethie]

hi perfectionist1, read this.
first of all, be clear what a UMN and LMN are.

Upper motor neurons are motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or the brain stem and carry motor information down to the final common pathway, that is, any motor neurons that are not directly responsible for stimulating the target muscle.
Upper motor neurons travel in several pathways through the CNS eg corticospinal, corticibulbar.......
Damage to the descending motor pathways anywhere along the trajectory from the cerebral cortex to the lower end of the spinal cord gives rise to a set of symptoms called the "upper motor neuron syndrome".

Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are the motor neurons connecting the brainstem and spinal cord to muscle fibers, bringing the nerve impulses from the upper motor neurons out to the muscles. A lower motor neuron's axon terminates on an effector (muscle).
Damage to lower motor neurons, lower motor neuron lesions (LMNL) cause decreased tone, decreased strength and decreased reflexes in affected areas.

One major characteristic used to identify a lower motor neuron lesion is flaccid paralysis - paralysis accompanied by muscle loss. This is in contrast to a upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis

Acute unilateral mononsymptomatic and idiopathic peripheral CN VII palsy.
IT IS A LMN.

Q.
can somebody explain me the mechanism behind the unilateral facial palsy and the UMN and LMN...like where do v see UMN/LMN....whats hapening inside brain???

 

[pb2007]

to let u all know,
transverse ridge is
seen in:
mand 1st premolar
mand 1st molar and
primary mand 1st molar.

thanks teethie ,such notes are really helpful for last min reviw ,if u make more plz keep posting them here

 

[pb2007]

in packet N ,QUES NO 7 ,
which muscle position condyl in most superior anterior position
answer given is masseter n medial pterygoid .

the most superior position i though would come wen we have centric relation so though temporalis should work but i'm confused with the word anterior.
can someone explain this ques ,i dont understand

also ques no 24 frm same N packet
which amino acid possess hydrophobic side chain
leucine
gyycine
cysteine
lysine
hydroxyproline

what i'v learnt is that both leucine n glycine are hydrophobic
or is this ques abt indiviual structure

can someone look into ques 25 too,i'm confused

 

[pb2007]

How do you remember guys eruption sequence,calcification,root completion of primary dentition?
any easy,quick mnemonic?

the only way to learn this stuff is by writtin over n over again evryday .

 

[teethie]

hi,

in packet N ,QUES NO 7 ,
which muscle position condyl in most superior anterior position
answer given is masseter n medial pterygoid .

the most superior position i though would come wen we have centric relation so though temporalis should work -------------yes agree. but in the choices, it is given in combination with lat pterygoid. so masseter an dmedial pterygoid being stonger elevators would be preferred.

but i'm confused with the word anterior.
can someone explain this ques ,i dont understand

also ques no 24 frm same N packet
which amino acid possess hydrophobic side chain
leucine
gyycine
cysteine
lysine
hydroxyproline

There are eight amino acids with nonpolar side chains. Glycine, alanine, and proline have small, nonpolar side chains and are all weakly hydrophobic.
Phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and methionine have larger side chains and are more strongly hydrophobic.

what i'v learnt is that both leucine n glycine are hydrophobic
or is this ques abt indiviual structure

can someone look into ques 25 too,--------------no idea🙁
i'm confused

 

[pb2007]

hi,

thanks teethie ,your reasoning is very helpful 👍
teethie any idea abt ques no 55 frm same N PACKET

IN QUES 56TH mother ingests tetracyclines in 3rd trimester so why wont permanent incisors be affected too
the answer given is only primary teeth
any idea teethie??

 

[pb2007]

another doubt people the 68th ques of N series mentions max canine as having the longest cusp wen mand canine is one of the choices.
if mand canine is tallest then should cusp of mand canine be also the tallest ?

what is rite??

 

[teethie]

hi,

thanks teethie ,your reasoning is very helpful 👍
teethie any idea abt ques no 55 frm same N PACKET

this is what i can make out: Being polarized means that the electrical charge on the outside of the membrane is positive while the electrical charge on the inside of the membrane is negative. The outside of the cell contains excess sodium ions (Na+); the inside of the cell contains excess potassium ions (K+). its a Na-K pump.to maintain this energy will be expended.



IN QUES 56TH mother ingests tetracyclines in 3rd trimester so why wont permanent incisors be affected too
the answer given is only primary teeth------------yes agree, in permanent teeth 1st molars calcification is in 8 months. question is abt 2nd trimester but u typed 3 rd trimester.
so if question is abt3 rd trimester then permanent molars will be affected not central incisors.

any idea teethie??

 

[teethie]

ANSWER MAX CANINE IS RIGHT.
Mand canine is only tallest crown overall, but when it comes to longest cusp only then answer is max canine.
in simple words, crown can be tall but cusp is only a part of crown not crown itself which does not necessarily have to be tall too just because crown is tall.

another doubt people the 68th ques of N series mentions max canine as having the longest cusp wen mand canine is one of the choices.
if mand canine is tallest then should cusp of mand canine be also the tallest ?

what is rite??

 

[pb2007]

hi,

2nd trimester is frm 3 to 6 months or 14 to 26 weeks
so shouldnt all primary teeth +permanent mandibular incisors be too involved but answer there is all primary teeth.

 

[pb2007]

ANSWER MAX CANINE IS RIGHT.
Mand canine is only tallest crown overall, but when it comes to longest cusp only then answer is max canine.
in simple words, crown can be tall but cusp is only a part of crown not crown itself which does not necessarily have to be tall too just because crown is tall.

thankuu so much teethie for answering all my queries .
doin really bad on this exm ,feelin vry depressed .

 

[teethie]

But pb2007, check the calcification chart, permanent mand incisors begin to calcify at age of 3-4 months(after birth)
so tetracycline taken in 2nd trimester will affect primary teeth only.

any doubts, let meknow?
dont feel depressed, when i did N series exam, i failed very badly. just keep revising it.

2nd trimester is frm 3 to 6 months or 14 to 26 weeks
so shouldnt all primary teeth +permanent mandibular incisors be too involved but answer there is all primary teeth.

 

[Svetlana]

2nd trimester is frm 3 to 6 months or 14 to 26 weeks
so shouldnt all primary teeth +permanent mandibular incisors be too involved but answer there is all primary teeth.

If it's 2 trimester Than only primary teeth will be affected.
coz the earliest evidence of calcification is 8 months in utero for 1st molars

 

[pb2007]

But pb2007, check the calcification chart, permanent mand incisors begin to calcify at age of 3-4 months(after birth)
so tetracycline taken in 2nd trimester will affect primary teeth only.

any doubts, let meknow?
dont feel depressed, when i did N series exam, i failed very badly. just keep revising it.

sorry teethie for bothering u again n again over this ques
i'm lookin at this calcification chart frm page no 25 th on wheelers .
u mean to say that wen they hav mentioned the calcification status for both max and mand incisors n canine in months it means it after birth .

oh god....i kept thinkin it starts in utero,such a big blunder on my part.

so u r rite if 3rd trimester is given then along with primary teeth we hav perm molars too .
am i saying write teethie .

 

[teethie]

Yes, now you are saying right👍

In wheelers , if ur looking that chart, whatever is given under weeks in utero is for deciduous teeth .

then whatever is given in months is now for permanent teeth. only exception is 1st molars which calcifies at 8 months acc. to kaplan and it is right.

sorry theethie for bothering u again n agian over this ques
i'm lookin at this calcification chart frm page no 25 th on wheelers .
u mean to say that wen they hav mentioned the calcification status for both max and mand incisors n canine in months it means it after birth .

oh god....i kept thinkin it starts in utero,such a big blunder on my part.

so u r rite if 3rd trimester is given then along with primary teeth we hav perm molars too .
am i saying write teethie .

 

[pb2007]

Yes, now you are saying right👍

In wheelers , if ur looking that chart, whatever is given under weeks in utero is for deciduous teeth .

then whatever is given in months is now for permanent teeth. only exception is 1st molars which calcifies at 8 months acc. to kaplan and it is right.

thanks teethie,i would have never known abt this blunder if u didnt reply
thanks again .....

 

[teethie]

Your welcome. you are saved before exam🙂🙂

thanks teethie,i would have never known abt this blunder if u didnt reply
thanks again .....

 

[perfectionist1]

hi perfectionist1, read this.
first of all, be clear what a UMN and LMN are.

Upper motor neurons are motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or the brain stem and carry motor information down to the final common pathway, that is, any motor neurons that are not directly responsible for stimulating the target muscle.
Upper motor neurons travel in several pathways through the CNS eg corticospinal, corticibulbar.......
Damage to the descending motor pathways anywhere along the trajectory from the cerebral cortex to the lower end of the spinal cord gives rise to a set of symptoms called the "upper motor neuron syndrome".

Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are the motor neurons connecting the brainstem and spinal cord to muscle fibers, bringing the nerve impulses from the upper motor neurons out to the muscles. A lower motor neuron's axon terminates on an effector (muscle).
Damage to lower motor neurons, lower motor neuron lesions (LMNL) cause decreased tone, decreased strength and decreased reflexes in affected areas.

One major characteristic used to identify a lower motor neuron lesion is flaccid paralysis - paralysis accompanied by muscle loss. This is in contrast to a upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis

Acute unilateral mononsymptomatic and idiopathic peripheral CN VII palsy.
IT IS A LMN.

Morning....
Thanx alot Teethie for ur explanation.was confused wid unilateral palsy-upper half and lower face involvement....thanx i got it now.

 

[pb2007]

Your welcome. you are saved before exam🙂🙂

very true teethie,i'm saved before .

another ques what do we mean by endogenous infection
ques 99.
which is endogenous infection
trachoma
candidiosis
shigellosis
brucellosis
actinomycosis

teethie can you look into ques 103 n tel how we deal with that one .

 

[teethie]

in your endogenous question, it is asking which is bacterial, so answer is actinomycosis.

An endogenous infection is one which is caused by an opportunistic pathogen from an individual's own normal microbiota.

pka= ph-log([D-]/[HD])

AGAIN USING VALUES FROM THE ANSWER CHOICES:I am using option D for the ratio of log
6.4=7.4 -LOG 10

6.4= 7.4-1
6.4=6.4

very true teethie,i'm saved before .

another ques what do we mean by endogenous infection
ques 99.
which is endogenous infection
trachoma
candidiosis
shigellosis
brucellosis
actinomycosis

teethie can you look into ques 103 n tel how we deal with that one .

 

[teethie]

i have to go out, i will be online after i am back.

pka= ph-log([D-]/[HD])

AGAIN USING VALUES FROM THE ANSWER CHOICES:I am using option D for the ratio of log
6.4=7.4 -LOG 10

6.4= 7.4-1
6.4=6.4

 

[perfectionist1]

very true teethie,i'm saved before .

another ques what do we mean by endogenous infection
ques 99.
which is endogenous infection
trachoma
candidiosis
shigellosis
brucellosis
actinomycosis

teethie can you look into ques 103 n tel how we deal with that one .

Hey ....according to definition:
An infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.An endogenous infection is one which is caused by an opportunistic pathogen from an individual's own normal microbiota.
so i guess it should be candidiosis....candida being a commensal in human flora.

 

[pb2007]

Hey ....according to definition:
An infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.An endogenous infection is one which is caused by an opportunistic pathogen from an individual's own normal microbiota.
so i guess it should be candidiosis....candida being a commensal in human flora.

thanks teethie and anie for ur replies
annie even i picked candidiosis but answer given is actinomycosis.

 

[perfectionist1]

thanks teethie and anie for ur replies
annie even i picked candidiosis but answer given is actinomycosis.

hmm i actually checked out all the options....they all can be found endogenously....but only candida is present as a normal flora in human body.

 

[Svetlana]

Guys,acute pancreatitis
Both options:increased pancr.lipase and incr.pancr.amylase

What to choose?
Is lipase the 1st one to be elevated?

 

[perfectionist1]

Guys,acute pancreatitis
Both options:increased pancr.lipase and incr.pancr.amylase

What to choose?
Is lipase the 1st one to be elevated?

Its lipase as it increases faster and remains elevated for a longer time than amylase. 👍

 

[pb2007]

came across this ques frm 2004 ques no 179
mentioning spinal subnucleus oralis of 5 and spinal subnucleus caudalis of 5
is anyone aware what these are
need to kno the function of these in short
while googling came across some journal but dont have time to read them in detail .
if anyone knos abt this plz reply.

 

[perfectionist1]

came across this ques frm 2004 ques no 179
mentioning spinal subnucleus oralis of 5 and spinal subnucleus caudalis of 5
is anyone aware what these are
need to kno the function of these in short
while googling came across some journal but dont have time to read them in detail .
if anyone knos abt this plz reply.

Couldnt find many details ....got this:
The subnucleus caudalis and subnucleus oralis of the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus are generally considered to play an integral role in carrying nociceptive information like touch ,pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face.

 

[Svetlana]

Its lipase as it increases faster and remains elevated for a longer time than amylase. 👍

Thanks!!!

In a patient with left canine protection...
What does it mean?