Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

In starvation, there is decreased production of plasma proteins because pt is malnourished and this causes decreased colloid osmotic pressure which favors edema.
hope it is clear. btw, which book did u read increased, can u please share.


http://books.google.ca/books?id=57R...#v=onepage&q=starvation pitting edema&f=false

@autoclave
all are associated in a pt with asthma except:
a. hyperplasia of goblet cells
b. blockage due to mucus
c. hypertrophy
d. increased in eosinophills
e. increased air spaces-ANSWER
Like pb2007 said before...increased air spaces are seen in emphysema only and hyperplasia of goblet cells is characteristic of asthma{bronchitis is nothing but asthma dont u think}

@teethie....
can u justify your answer for going with decreased serum proteins in edema because i read the serum protein concentration increases.

 

[teethie]

when u say that portion of hard palate located directly posterior to maxillary central incisors is derieved from the median nasal process it is primary palate.
when u say fusion of primitive palate {frontonasal process } with palatal process of maxillary bone it is secondary palate.

have another doubt .
ques no 52 frm anatomy series F mentions that portion of hard palate located directly posterior to maxillary central incisors is derieved from the
median nasal process but i read that palate is fromed by fusion of primitive palate {frontonasal process } with palatal process of maxillary bone .

i'm confused if between frontonasal n palatal part of maxillary bone medial nasal too comes.pz clarify if anybody has idea abt this .

 

[pb2007]

when u say that portion of hard palate located directly posterior to maxillary central incisors is derieved from the median nasal process it is primary palate.
when u say fusion of primitive palate {frontonasal process } with palatal process of maxillary bone it is secondary palate.

thanku so much teethie for clearing up this confusion.
plz look into other ques too regarding bifid uvula.

 

[anniemirza]

In starvation, there is decreased production of plasma proteins because pt is malnourished and this causes decreased colloid osmotic pressure which favors edema.
hope it is clear. btw, which book did u read increased, can u please share.


http://books.google.ca/books?id=57R...#v=onepage&q=starvation pitting edema&f=false

Thank you for the link teethie.
I read it in wiki...specifically the Starling's equation.
check this out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edema

 

[teethie]

bifid uvula results due to faliure of complete fusion of palatine shelves.
incomplete fusion of medial nasal and maxillary process leads to cleft lip.

need to confirm this fact
came across a ques frm packet E anatomy ,ques no 31 which is related to how bifid uvula results n answer given is faliure of complete fusion of palatine shelves which makes sense but was lookin in wikipedia which say its coz of incomplete fusion of medial nasal and maxillary process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_uvula

i think its should be palatine shelf fusion ,plz share your views.

 

[teethie]

where anniemirza, i could not find anything like that in your link. instead your link is supporting my answer.
or just paste the line which u read specifically.

Thank you for the link teethie.
I read it in wiki...specifically the Starling's equation.
check this out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edema

 

[teethie]

just a suggestion to all :
do not rely on wikipedia completely, information is editable in it, please confirm from google books for all confusions.

 

[anniemirza]

where anniemirza, i could not find anything like that in your link. instead your link is supporting my answer.
or just paste the line which u read specifically.

Generation of interstitial fluid is regulated by the forces of the Starling equation.[4] Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels tends to cause water to filter out into the tissue. This leads to a difference in protein concentration between blood plasma and tissue. As a result the oncotic pressure of the higher level of protein in the plasma tends to suck water back into the blood vessels from the tissue. Starling's equation states that the rate of leakage of fluid is determined by the difference between the two forces and also by the permeability of the vessel wall to water, which determines the rate of flow for a given force imbalance. Most water leakage occurs in capillaries or post capillary venules, which have a semi-permeable membrane wall that allows water to pass more freely than protein. (The protein is said to be reflected and the efficiency of reflection is given by a reflection constant of up to 1.) If the gaps between the cells of the vessel wall open up then permeability to water is increased first, but as the gaps increase in size permeability to protein also increases with a fall in reflection coefficient.
-by changes in the water retaining properties of the tissues themselves. Raised hydrostatic pressure often reflects retention of water and sodium by the kidney.

 

[anniemirza]

just a suggestion to all :
do not rely on wikipedia completely, information is editable in it, please confirm from google books for all confusions.

Yea teethie u r right.cant rely on wiki....but yea according to books....u r rt about the edema.

 

[teethie]

annie, i read all this and this does not say that incerased proteins is there. i would say if u have decks or kaplan, read from there, your concept will be much cleared abt starling equation.

Generation of interstitial fluid is regulated by the forces of the Starling equation.[4] Hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels tends to cause water to filter out into the tissue. This leads to a difference in protein concentration between blood plasma and tissue. As a result the oncotic pressure of the higher level of protein in the plasma tends to suck water back into the blood vessels from the tissue. Starling's equation states that the rate of leakage of fluid is determined by the difference between the two forces and also by the permeability of the vessel wall to water, which determines the rate of flow for a given force imbalance. Most water leakage occurs in capillaries or post capillary venules, which have a semi-permeable membrane wall that allows water to pass more freely than protein. (The protein is said to be reflected and the efficiency of reflection is given by a reflection constant of up to 1.) If the gaps between the cells of the vessel wall open up then permeability to water is increased first, but as the gaps increase in size permeability to protein also increases with a fall in reflection coefficient.
-by changes in the water retaining properties of the tissues themselves. Raised hydrostatic pressure often reflects retention of water and sodium by the kidney.

 

[anniemirza]

Yes thank you teethie.I will check it in decks and kaplan.

Q.Blood vessels are seen in which layer of dermis?
papillary or reticular?
differnt sources say differnt things.can somebody confirm it.

 

[elmos]

hello, teethie, bratdoc or pb2007,
what do u think the answer here?


Antibiotics are not effective in treating periodontitis because
a.periodontitis is not infectious disease
b.desquamation sunsequently remove bacteria before antibiotic can be effective
c. periodontitis is not caused by bacteria
d. many species of bacteria is involved
i don't agree with d, pls reply?

 

[pb2007]

Yes thank you teethie.I will check it in decks and kaplan.

Q.Blood vessels are seen in which layer of epidermis?
papillary or reticular?
differnt sources say differnt things.can somebody confirm it.

its papillary layer,look at the link below
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/dermis.html
check kaplan review notes on anatomy chap 10{integument histo}

 

[pb2007]

just a suggestion to all :
do not rely on wikipedia completely, information is editable in it, please confirm from google books for all confusions.

very true teethie ,from morning wikipedia is just added more confusion to what i'v learnt .

 

[teethie]

annie: my answer is papillary layer of dermis.

hi, elmos: see below. i am open to corrections.

hello, teethie, bratdoc or pb2007,
what do u think the answer here?

Antibiotics are not effective in treating periodontitis because
a.periodontitis is not infectious disease-------it is an infectious disease caused by bacteria.

b.desquamation subsequently remove bacteria before antibiotic can be effective---------not always in severe cases, treatment is given with antibiotics which secrete in crevicular fluid eg doxycycline. and help in decreasing the infection spread.

c. periodontitis is not caused by bacteria---------it is caused by
gram -ve bacteria.

d. many species of bacteria is involved------------even broad spectrum antibiotics ca not overcome all bacteria due to resistance produced by some bacteria.
there is no choice of resistance so I am going with this answer (d).

i don't agree with d, pls reply?

 

[elmos]

pharyngeal muscle are involontory check this


http://books.google.com/books?id=0X...ngeal constrictor muscle, involuntary&f=false

 

[anniemirza]

its papillary layer,look at the link below
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/dermis.html
check kaplan review notes on anatomy chap 10{integument histo}

Thank you pb2007 and teethie.

 

[pb2007]

annie: my answer is papillary layer of dermis.

hi, elmos: see below. i am open to corrections.

agree with teethie ,no choice seems to favour the ques .

 

[teethie]

thank u elmos. so answer is involuntary and striated right....

i edited my post

pharyngeal muscle are involontory check this


http://books.google.com/books?id=0X...ngeal constrictor muscle, involuntary&f=false

 

[bratdoc]

Hi guys
Which is the MOST COMMON STD in the US?? confused!

 

[bratdoc]

hello, teethie, bratdoc or pb2007,
what do u think the answer here?


Antibiotics are not effective in treating periodontitis because
a.periodontitis is not infectious disease
b.desquamation sunsequently remove bacteria before antibiotic can be effective
c. periodontitis is not caused by bacteria
d. many species of bacteria is involved
i don't agree with d, pls reply?

Amongst the given options i would have to go with (d)
Though in practical usage i have seen antibiotics are usually avoided to prevent development of resistance..
But in these options (d) is the most appropriate

 

[elmos]

thks all for the answer.

 

[anniemirza]

Hi guys
Which is the MOST COMMON STD in the US?? confused!

1st Chlamydia
2nd Gonorhea
2010 statistics.

 

[elmos]

Hi guys
Which is the MOST COMMON STD in the US?? confused!

what i know it's chlamydia. in US

 

[teethie]

do u have options.
i think it is c.trachomatis

Hi guys
Which is the MOST COMMON STD in the US?? confused!

 

[teethie]

one ques:
at what age the child;s consent for dental treatment can be considered by dentist?

 

[bratdoc]

do u have options.
i think it is c.trachomatis

No i dont have the options... remember reading the question from one of the released papers but could not remember which one...
So that means the most common one is Chlamydia trachomatis caused LGV

Thank you anniemirza, elmos and Teethie for the answer!

 

[anniemirza]

one ques:
at what age the child;s consent for dental treatment can be considered by dentist?

I think its when he shifts from pediatrics to endodontics/relevant dept(for adults)...LOL😛😛.May be 13...not sure i wana know too....

 

[bratdoc]

one ques:
at what age the child;s consent for dental treatment can be considered by dentist?

A child of any age can agree to dental treatment as long as they understand the nature of the treatment and its consequences – even if the child's parents or guardian refuses the treatment. If however a child under 18 refuses dental treatment then a parent or guardian can authorize the dental treatment despite the child's reluctance to undergo the treatment. And i think it might also depend on State laws-maybe 16!

 

[anniemirza]

one ques:
at what age the child;s consent for dental treatment can be considered by dentist?

CONSENT TO TREATMENT BY CHILD(United States-Family code): A child may consent to medical, dental, psychological, and surgical treatment for the child by a licensed physician or dentist if he/she is 16 years of age or more.

 

[teethie]

thank u bratcdoc and annie.

ok now the question is if child is 16 and he agrees for treatment, but parents do not want it, then whom should dentist listen to?

CONSENT TO TREATMENT BY CHILD(United States-Family code): A child may consent to medical, dental, psychological, and surgical treatment for the child by a licensed physician or dentist if he/she is 16 years of age or more.

 

[bratdoc]

thank u bratcdoc and annie.

ok now the question is if child is 16 and he agrees for treatment, but parents do not want it, then whom should dentist listen to?

hmmm... I read this somewhere that the 16 year old in question may solely consent to the treatment if he/she is away or does not live with the parents.

 

[teethie]

thank u bratdoc, i got it.

hmmm... I read this somewhere that the 16 year old in question may solely consent to the treatment if he/she is away or does not live with the parents.

 

[anniemirza]

thank u bratcdoc and annie.

ok now the question is if child is 16 and he agrees for treatment, but parents do not want it, then whom should dentist listen to?

It is also stated under this section that treatment can be done with or without the consent of the parent/guardian whether the child stays with parents or seperate.

 

[teethie]

ok thanks a lot annie👍

It is also stated under this section that treatment can be done with or without the consent of the parent/guardian whether the child stays with parents or seperate.

 

[anniemirza]

This kinda questions drive me crazy!How should we learn all this!???

Which membrane is in the way when you try to reach the lesser peritoneal sac and head of the pancreas after penetrating the greater peritoneal sac?

 

[teethie]

ummmm....i am not good in surgery😕

This kinda questions drive me crazy!How should we learn all this!???

Which membrane is in the way when you try to reach the lesser peritoneal sac and head of the pancreas after penetrating the greater peritoneal sac?

 

[Svetlana]

Sorry,if im repeating
But do you agree that ans is b????
I thought that all the venous blood from the GI tract goes to portal circulation 1st!

jejenum with cancer first reaches to bloodstream at
a. potal vein
b. superior mesentric vein
c. inferior mesenteric vein

 

[Svetlana]

Hi guys
Which is the MOST COMMON STD in the US?? confused!

And dont forget that MOST COMMON Viral STD-Papilloma virus!!!

 

[bratdoc]

Sorry,if im repeating
But do you agree that ans is b????
I thought that all the venous blood from the GI tract goes to portal circulation 1st!

jejenum with cancer first reaches to bloodstream at
a. potal vein
b. superior mesentric vein
c. inferior mesenteric vein

Svetlana the jejunum is drained as follows Jejunal veins----->Superior mesenteric vein----> Combines with Splenic vein to Form Hepatic portal vein

 

[bratdoc]

And dont forget that MOST COMMON Viral STD-Papilloma virus!!!

Thanks 👍

 

[pb2007]

the distolingual cusp of R mandibular 1st molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during R lateral excursion. which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?

a) lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
b) facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c) facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d) lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.

i think it's A... any help?? thanks guys!

can someone plz answer this ?

 

[Svetlana]

This kinda questions drive me crazy!How should we learn all this!???

Which membrane is in the way when you try to reach the lesser peritoneal sac and head of the pancreas after penetrating the greater peritoneal sac?

Yeah!Crazy Q!
All what i know is that epiploic foramen communicate lesser and great perit.sac.

 

[Svetlana]

Can smb please explain the ans?

impermeable solute is placed thru semipermeable membrane. equllinrium potential will be least if solute is
a. uncharged -ans
b. negatively charged
c. positively charged

 

[Svetlana]

Svetlana the jejunum is drained as follows Jejunal veins----->Superior mesenteric vein----> Combines with Splenic vein to Form Hepatic portal vein

OOOOhhhh!!!!
You are right!
Thank you!
Sup.mesenteric v. + splenic v.= portal v.

Its interesting!I know that fact but smth confused me on this Q!!!
I think i should always read the Q twice!!!

 

[teethie]

I also think choice A.

can someone plz answer this ?

Originally Posted by hot
the distolingual cusp of R mandibular 1st molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during R lateral excursion. which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?

a) lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.---max mesio-lingual cusp lies in central fossa of mand ist molar, and dl lies between marginal ridges of two mand molars, on right excusrion, mand teeth go out buccally and now max buccal cusp will fall on central fossa. and max mesio lingual cusp will escape the lingual groove of mand i1 st molar and LINGUAL surface of max dl cusp will interfere with dl cusp of mand ist molar.
pl correct if wrong.


b) facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c) facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d) lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.

i think it's A... any help?? thanks guys

 

[pb2007]

I also think choice A.



Originally Posted by hot
the distolingual cusp of R mandibular 1st molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during R lateral excursion. which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?

a) lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.---max mesio-lingual cusp lies in central fossa of mand ist molar, and dl lies between marginal ridges of two mand molars, on right excusrion, mand teeth go out buccally and now max buccal cusp will fall on central fossa. and max mesio lingual cusp will escape the lingual groove of mand i1 st molar and LINGUAL surface of max dl cusp will interfere with dl cusp of mand ist molar.
pl correct if wrong.


b) facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c) facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d) lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.

teethie i agree with your statement but here what i was thinkin
the mesiolingual cusp resides in central fossa n distolingual of maxillary resides between marginal ridges of 1st and 2nd molar so during lateral movement wont DL of max molar jst pass straight n distobuccal which resides in the distobuccal groove of mand molar will have more chances of hitting DL of mandibular molar so i though lingual surface of maxillary distofacial .

i'm not good in DA teethie so would like to hear from you n others about what i wrote,plz correct me .for this i was thinkin lateral movement is purely lateral so should'nt DL of maxillary should pass straight frm interdental space .

 

[nbdeaspirant1]

This kinda questions drive me crazy!How should we learn all this!???

Which membrane is in the way when you try to reach the lesser peritoneal sac and head of the pancreas after penetrating the greater peritoneal sac?

@annie...if u get the answer to this question/....let me know....tried finding it...but hard luck...

 

[anniemirza]

Miss aspirant (plus all others who tried for the answer)...here the answer for that crazy question above:
The gastrohepatic ligament is the part of the lesser omentum that separates the greater peritoneal sac from the right portion of the lesser peritoneal sac. This portion of the lesser omentum has no significant blood vessels within it and may be incised for surgical access.

 

[deck]

Dear all,
I finish it!!!! First all I want to thank to everyone on this thread, and I really appreciate it, especially teethiee and bradoct!!! U guys rock! I prepared it for 2.5 months and 10 hours everyday. The exam is hard, and I am not sure if I could pass or not ><, but my goal is 75, so I am praying now. the exam is hard, but dorable, I think around 1/5 from old exams, so I can do them fast, but other parts is really detail. I was so afraid of sleeping during the exam, so I drank red bull and coffee, but in the end I did not fell asleep, but I wanted to go to restroom sooooooooooooooo badly, so I have to finished it 30 min before the time ended. I regret drank so much of coffee now, and I wish I went to restroom more times before the exam
I used first aid, deck(2.5 times), buster and old exams( 3 times). The biochem part was not hard on my exam, but I think other parts were really really hard. I like first aid, and I do not like buster, but I think first aid was not deep enough...If I just used first aid before the exam, I guessed I would wanted to cry during the exam.........>< the deck is so hard for reading, but it covered most of the exams.
My suggestion is to use deck more times, and first aid bullet points( the one on the side of page). I almost forgot that I also used rapidly review(pathology), head and neck anatomy for dentistry ( the book rocks, especially the clinical, if u want to buy other books than deck and first aid, this book and path-rapidly review would be great for anatomy and pathologystudy!!!)parts and dent essentials(I bought it, but did not have time to use it🙁 ><.
I want to tell everyone who is preparing this exam, if u are afraid of the exam or if u want to give up, PLZ DON't GIVE UP!! During preparing the exam, and I was thinking to give up dental school instead of taking this exam. After using this thread one month, I felt encouragement, and I felt supportive. I checked this thread everyday, and asked questions on line, I am thankful that the thread exists, especially ppl like teethiee and bradoct who are really smart and well to answer ppl's questions. I used to think I am the stupidest in my class, so I was so afraid not passing. If I could pass, and I think it's because of this thread and luck.