Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.
 
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Hey Teethy!
Of course it's doable,but in my opinion it's harder than ASDA papers.
Coz i'm showing better results on ASDA.

Now,my doubts.

1.Centric relation is achieved by:
my ans:temporalis+med.pteryg.
ans:masseter+med.pteryg

I thought coz temporalis plays a role in retraction it should be the ans...
What do you think?

2.There were couple of Q about microscope(resolutions,some variations)
Do we need to know it?

3. The only acceptable plastic for use in autoclave-polypropylene
(no idea if we should know it)

4. A patient with hypercholesterolemia presents with angina.Most appropriate treatment?
my ans:histamine(coz it lowers lipoprot.as well)
ans.:tissue plasminogen activator

5.Peptide hormone that acts as steroid-TSH
Do you know smth about it?

6.Mand.lat.inc:distoincisal corner is located farther cervically than the mesioinc.corner?
Didnt understand this statement.

7.Salmonella carrier state in gallbladder.
Hear it for the 1st time.

8.Alzheimer associated with acetylcholine transferase def.
WHY???

9.If 50 ml of 0.1M acetate is mixed with 50ml of 1M acetic acid(pKA=4.78),what's final pH?
ans :3.48

 
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thanks svetlana and anniemirza


The primary function of SlgA is thought to be
  1. opsonization by macrophages.
  2. complement activation in saliva.
  3. cytolysis of gram-positive bacteria.
  4. prevention of penetration of mucosa by microorganisms.
 
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anniemirza said:
Yea thats wad kaplan says....if thats the case then probably almost all the bones would be called paired since they all fuse and have sutures:idea:(including mandible whch fuses in early life)Hmmm dunno what criteria these kaplan ppl use to differentiate that.😕
P.S-metopic suture begins at nose and runs superiorly to meet sagittal suture and fuses during infancy (fusion beginning at 3 months and completes by 6 to 8 months of age) before all other cranial sutures.
Click to expand...

I agree. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_suture [Ref.]
 
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1.Centric relation is achieved by:
my ans:temporalis+med.pteryg...Correct
ans:masseter+med.pteryg...Incorrect
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:fsGZFrK7JJUJ:www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ajorth/article/PII0002941680900020/abstract+centric+relation+muscles&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us [Ref.]



2.There were couple of Q about microscope(resolutions,some variations)
Do we need to know it?

3. The only acceptable plastic for use in autoclave-polypropylene
(no idea if we should know it)...Other Autoclaving Plastics http://www.labsafety.com/refinfo/printpage.htm?page=/refinfo/ezfacts/ezf213.htm [Ref.]

4. A patient with hypercholesterolemia presents with angina.Most appropriate treatment?
my ans:histamine(coz it lowers lipoprot.as well)
ans.:tissue plasminogen activator

5.Peptide hormone that acts as steroid-TSH
Do you know smth about it?
Explanation-
Thyroid hormones act by binding to cytosolic receptors very similar to steroid hormone receptors, and for this reason T3 and T4 are often classified along with the hydrophobic steroid hormones. The principal role of thyroid hormones is also like that of steroid hormones
http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/peptide-hormones.html [Ref.]

6.Mand.lat.inc:distoincisal corner is located farther cervically than the mesioinc.corner?
Didnt understand this statement...
Explanation
The mandibular lateral incisor crown tips slightly to the distal relative to the root
www.dentaldecks.com/.../PDF%20of%20Part%20I%20for%20web%20site.pdf [Ref.]

7.Salmonella carrier state in gallbladder.
Hear it for the 1st time...This is what I found...
Human carriers of Salmonella should never work in the food-handling service industry and ideally should undergo gallbladder removal and antibiotic therapy for an attempt for a cure of the carrier state.
http://www.medicinenet.com/salmonella/page3.htm [Ref.]

8.Alzheimer associated with acetylcholine transferase def.
WHY???...Plz refer to link
Explanation
Blocking or mimicking the action of acetylcholine has many uses in medicine. Cholinesterase inhibitors increase the action of acetylcholine by delaying its degradation; some have been used as nerve poisons or pesticides. Clinically they are used to reverse the action of muscle relaxants, to treat myasthenia gravis and in Alzheimer's disease (rivastigmine, which increases cholinergic activity in the brain).
http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Acetylcholine [Ref.]

9.If 50 ml of 0.1M acetate is mixed with 50ml of 1M acetic acid(pKA=4.78),what's final pH?
ans :3.48

[/QUOTE]
 
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Thank you so much,dentistk,anniemirza!!!!

So basically thyroid hormones classified as peptide?,but act as steroid!
That's new for me!

6.Mand.lat.inc:distoincisal corner is located farther cervically than the mesioinc.corner?
Didnt understand this statement...
Explanation
The mandibular lateral incisor crown tips slightly to the distal relative to the rootBUT WHY CERVICALLY???Can not get the Q!

Didn't know about Salmonella-gallbladder!!!Thanks!
Didn't know about stellate cells-skel.m(associated them only with neurons and Ito cells in liver!!!)

So,we use ACE inhibitors in Alzheimer?(it was also as option but the ans. is acet.transferase)

And here we are,we found some mistakes in Crack(muscles to occl.relation)

Thanks a lot!!!!
 
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1.Didn't find any relationship between post.cricoaryt.m and horseness

2.cells that can undergo mitosis
my ans.ONLY basale
ans:basale+spinosum
(it's either mistake or it's me..,)

3.asthma+chr.bronchitis have in common
my ans:hypertrophy of bronch.glands
ans:Goblet cells metaplasia

4.Which is the NADH yield from the complete degradation of palmitate?
ans:7 from beta oxidation+24 by Krebs
my ans:8.....the same
I got extra))))Why?

5.Most resistant to caries max.or mand.canine?
my ans.max
ans.mand
 
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6.Mand.lat.inc:distoincisal corner is located farther cervically than the mesioinc.corner?
Didnt understand this statement...
Explanation
The mandibular lateral incisor crown tips slightly to the distal relative to the rootBUT WHY CERVICALLY???Can not get the Q!

Explanation -
Tooth Description of the
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Labial Surface. The lateral incisor looks like the central incisor in overall
appearance but is slightly larger and not bilaterally symmetric.Whereas the
central incisor has a level incisal edge, the incisal edge of the lateral declines
toward the distal and forms a rounded incisal angle with the distal side.The
distal side is slightly convex.The mesial incisal angle is sharp; the mesial side
can be straight or slightly convex as it tapers toward the cervical line. Both the
mesial and distal contact areas are at the incisal angle.The cervical line forms a
narrow arch.The root is straight, tapering at the apical third
http://webtools.delmarlearning.com/sample_chapters/0766818896.pdf [Ref.]

My interpretation of this and prev. quoted references is that -
There are two things to keep in mind:
1. The incisal edge dips towards cervical distally. (opposite to what the ans says)
But
2. The mesial side is straight or slightly convex and distal side is slightly convex (making it the longer of the two) (in accordance with the ans)

Hence, b/w 1 and 2: only if 2 compensates for the distal dip - makes the distoincisal corner located farther cervically than the mesioinc.corner.

The above is my understanding of independent concepts. None of the references explain the two pts together.
pcmiw (plz correct me if wrong)
Hope this helps.
 
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how is 7? palmitate is 16, and every time he'll give 1 acetylcoa, 2 carbon so we'll get 8 acetylcoa, from where the 7?
 
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Svetlana said:
1.Didn't find any relationship between post.cricoaryt.m and horseness

2.cells that can undergo mitosis
my ans.ONLY basale
ans:basale+spinosum-some cells of spinosum also undergo mitosis n aid in repair incases of abrasion.
(it's either mistake or it's me..,)

3.asthma+chr.bronchitis have in common
my ans:hypertrophy of bronch.glands-hypertrophy of glands seen only in bronchitis
ans:Goblet cells metaplasia----correct-seen in both


4.Which is the NADH yield from the complete degradation of palmitate?
ans:7 from beta oxidation+24 by Krebs
my ans:8.....the same
I got extra))))Why?

5.Most resistant to caries max.or mand.canine?
my ans.max
ans.mand--always maxillary teeth are more prone to caries than mandi.
Click to expand...
............
 
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Really appreciate your help,dentistk!
Thanks!

And what are your references,anniemirza?

Cementoenamel junction
cementum overlaps enamel,right?
 
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Svetlana said:
Really appreciate your help,dentistk!
Thanks!

And what are your references,anniemirza?

Cementoenamel junction
cementum overlaps enamel,right?
Click to expand...
some general knowlegde...sm buks.
goblet cells already discussed in the last few pages.
caries prevalance-undergrad buks
CEJ -Cementum doesnt overlap enamel all da times-30% doesnt....
 
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what is the net charge on glutamic acid at a ph of 1
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
how to solve such ques.can someone explain
 
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Sorry pb2007...wish i cud solve that bt havnt strted bioc/physio yet....
Can somebody tell me the differnt types of nerve endings and function???(not just the free)
 
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wowo, these questions look weird;;;;

Svetlana said:
Hey Teethy!
Of course it's doable,but in my opinion it's harder than ASDA papers.
Coz i'm showing better results on ASDA.

Now,my doubts.

1.Centric relation is achieved by:
my ans:temporalis+med.pteryg.--=========----i agree👍
ans:masseter+med.pteryg

I thought coz temporalis plays a role in retraction it should be the ans...
What do you think?

2.There were couple of Q about microscope(resolutions,some variations)
Do we need to know it?
.--=========----never heard like that before.

3. The only acceptable plastic for use in autoclave-polypropylene
(no idea if we should know it)

4. A patient with hypercholesterolemia presents with angina.Most appropriate treatment?
my ans:histamine(coz it lowers lipoprot.as well)----high cholestrol histamines wont do anything.
ans.:tissue plasminogen activator--.--=========----i agree👍

5.Peptide hormone that acts as steroid-TSH
Do you know smth about it?

6.Mand.lat.inc:distoincisal corner is located farther cervically than the mesioinc.corner?.--=========----ithink it is only mentioning how rounded distoincisal corner is as mesioincisal is sharper.
Didnt understand this statement.

7.Salmonella carrier state in gallbladder.
Hear it for the 1st time..--=========----i think i can only relate this to typhoid,when salmonella typhi resides in liver.

8.Alzheimer associated with acetylcholine transferase def.
WHY???

9.If 50 ml of 0.1M acetate is mixed with 50ml of 1M acetic acid(pKA=4.78),what's final pH?
.--=========----see next
ans :3.48
Click to expand...
 
Last edited:
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4. A patient with hypercholesterolemia presents with angina.Most appropriate treatment?
my ans:histamine(coz it lowers lipoprot.as well)----high cholestrol histamines wont do anything.
ans.:tissue plasminogen activator--.--=========----i agree👍


Maaaan!!!!
Of course i messed up histamine with heparin!!!!
 
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Thanks Teethy for your comments!!!

So,as i understood cementum overlaps enamel,but not always.
And enamel never overlaps,right?
 
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9.If 50 ml of 0.1M acetate is mixed with 50ml of 1M acetic acid(pKA=4.78),what's final pH?
.--=========----4.78=log 0.1/log1
4.78= -1-0
ph=3.78 my answer

Teethy,can you please explain step by step this Q!
That's my weak field
 
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svetlana, there is a chart given in perio book abt the overlapping of cementum and enamel that how much percentage of cementum overlaps enamel. i do not remember now, but if i find i will post.


Svetlana said:
Thanks Teethy for your comments!!!

So,as i understood cementum overlaps enamel,but not always.
And enamel never overlaps,right?
Click to expand...
 
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pKa = pH - Log([A]-/[hA])





Svetlana said:
9.If 50 ml of 0.1M acetate is mixed with 50ml of 1M acetic acid(pKA=4.78),what's final pH?
.--=========----4.78=log 0.1/log1
4.78= -1-0
ph=3.78 my answer

Teethy,can you please explain step by step this Q!
That's my weak field
Click to expand...
 
Last edited:
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Hey guyz primary palate is the area b4 the incisive foramen rt???I mean does it involve the incisive foramen???I forgot😛
 
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Granulation tissue usually contains all of the following EXCEPT
  1. lymphocytes.
  2. fibroblasts.
  3. giant cells.
  4. macrophages.
  5. capillary buds.
 
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teethie said:
pKa = pH - Log([A]-/[hA])

PUT THE VALUES.

4.78 = pH - Log(0.1/1)
4.78 = pH -Log(0.1)
Log(0.1) = -1

4.78 = pH - (-1)
4.78 = pH +1
pH = 3.78
Click to expand...

Teethy i m very weak at math!
sO LET ME Repeat.
[A] is acid
[hA] is base
right?
acetic acid is acid
and acetate is base

and why do we substitute 0.1/1
in my understanding it should be vice versa

Im very sorry for these stupid Q!!!!
 
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@ teethie and anniemirza ...
yup u r right... this was from ASDA... confused granulation n granulomatous tissue ... 🙁 thank u ...

and isn't incisive foramen at the junction of primary and secondary palate?
 
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Cindrella said:
@ teethie and anniemirza ...
yup u r right... this was from ASDA... confused it with granulation tissue... 🙁 thank u ...

and isn't incisive foramen at the junction of primary and secondary palate?
Click to expand...
Yeaaa it is but i guess the incisive foramen comes under the secondary palate...
 
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see next


sei m very weak at math!
sO LET ME Repeat.
[A] is acid
[hA] is base
right?
acetic acid is acid
and acetate is base

and why do we substitute 0.1/1
in my understanding it should be vice versa

Im very sorry for these stupid Q!!!![/QUOTE]
 
Last edited:
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agree cindrella: it is at junction.


thanks for correction.


Cindrella said:
@ teethie and anniemirza ...
yup u r right... this was from ASDA... confused granulation n granulomatous tissue ... 🙁 thank u ...

and isn't incisive foramen at the junction of primary and secondary palate?
Click to expand...
 
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@svetlana:

big confusion occurred but here is the clarification:

A- is a base not acid, it is a deprotonated form.
HA is a conjugate acid
hence the ans is pka=ph-log o.1 divided by log1
4.78=ph-(-1)
4.78=ph+1
4.78-1=ph
3.78=ph--hence the answer
 
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teethie said:
@svetlana:

big confusion occurred but here is the clarification:

A- is a base not acid, it is a deprotonated form.
HA is a conjugate acid
hence the ans is pka=ph-log o.1 divided by log1
4.78=ph-(-1)
4.78=ph+1
4.78-1=ph
3.78=ph--hence the answer
Click to expand...

OOOHHH!!
Thanks!Finally it's clear!!!
 
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pb2007, all i know is there are 2 carboxylic gps and one amino gp so charge will be -1

Does anyone know abt this question?? I am unable to solve it .😕😕


pb2007 said:
what is the net charge on glutamic acid at a ph of 1
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
how to solve such ques.can someone explain
Click to expand...
 
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Morning everybody!!!
Let's start!

If Na+ reabs.DECREASE in prox.conv.tybule by drug-->ans:increase urine glucose
Why?

Is it right that among PM, max.1st has SHORTEST root?
 
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Candida albicans under the microscope
my ans😛seudohyphae+blastoconidia
ans:ONLY blastoconidia

Is it a mistake?
 
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