Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[teethie]

My kaplan differes from all of yours because my kaplan does not mention talon cusp on max molar.SO i am relieved i have got the right info in my kaplan.🙂

Yep aware of that ... its usually located in maxillary lateral incisor . But , Kaplan refers to disto lingual cusp of maxillary molars as talons cusp too... never heard that before... thank you teethie 👍

 

[teethie]

I agree with you on this👍

I guess it should be apical to the cervical 3rd of crown.

 

[Svetlana]

My kaplan differes from all of yours because my kaplan does not mention talon cusp on max molar.SO i am relieved i have got the right info in my kaplan.🙂

May be we are dealing here with
Max.1st molar
trigon-MB,ML,DB and oblique ridge between
talon-DL

I mean talon as the smallest part of this tooth

 

[Svetlana]

The most vascular portion of the articular disc of TMJ:
ans-bilaminar zone

Why not retrodiscal pad?

And 1 more.The thinnest portion is intermediate,right?

 

[Cindrella]

May be we are dealing here with
Max.1st molar
trigon-MB,ML,DB and oblique ridge between
talon-DL

I mean talon as the smallest part of this tooth

yes , this is precisely what was written.

@ teethie - thanks for ur input.

 

[Cindrella]

The most vascular portion of the articular disc of TMJ:
ans-bilaminar zone

Why not retrodiscal pad?

And 1 more.The thinnest portion is intermediate,right? yes... 👍

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[teethie]

Hi, whatever cindrella wrote is right. the only thing that is new here is that this is an extra information that descending vasa recta is called arterial and ascending vasa recta is called venous . do not forget vasa recta is like loop of henle with ascending and decsending limbs. only terminology given to those limbs are arteial and venous.🙂

i'm confused with arterial n venous vasa recta ,never knew these are two different things.
will wait to hear frm teethie ,i'm gettin confused with this basic stuff
thanks for clearing up cholic acid ques .

Originally Posted by Cindrella
This is regarding what teethie and pb2007 discussed in relation to hyperosmalrity and hypoosmolarity... i am summing it up here. WOuld be grateful to both of u if u could correct it incase it is wrong. thank you.

Arterial vasa recta surrounds the thin descending limb . TDL - water reabsorption takes place and it is impermeable to salt . Therefore, Hyperosmolar conc. within the TDL and hypoosmolar conc. on the outside ( i.e in the vasa recta )

Venous vasa recta surrounds the thin ascending limb. TAL - salt reabsorption takes place and it is impermeable to water. Therefore, Hypoosmolar conc. within the TAL and hyperosmolar conc. on the outside ( i.e in the vasa recta )

 

[teethie]

it is the same thing. retrodiscal and bilaminar are synonyms.
yes, intermediate is thinnest.

The most vascular portion of the articular disc of TMJ:
ans-bilaminar zone

Why not retrodiscal pad?

And 1 more.The thinnest portion is intermediate,right?

 

[teethie]

Hi, this answer can be solved by Hills equation given in this link on pg 3.

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/PDF_Notes/hemoglobin_function.pdf​

​

assuming that p50=26torr,under conditions where po2=30 torr,the average number of o2 molecules bound per hemoglobin is closest to
0.5
less than 1
amost 2
greater than 2
greater than 3
how to do this ques 😕😕

thanks svetlana.
if c peptide not present that means its self injection ..am i rite ??

 

[Svetlana]

it is the same thing. retrodiscal and bilaminar are synonyms.
yes, intermediate is thinnest.

What a relief ...🙂
Thanks teethy!

 

[teethie]

ans please;

RMP is determined by
Ca permeability
K permeability
Na permeability

A virion
a)an abnormal DNA
b)an abnormal RNA
c)an abnormal cellular protein
or something else??

TMJ infection macrophages are usually found in ??

 

[Cindrella]

ans please;

RMP is determined by
Ca permeability
K permeability
Na permeability

A virion is an infectious viral particle.
a)an abnormal DNA
b)an abnormal RNA
c)an abnormal cellular protein
or something else??

TMJ infection macrophages are usually found in ??

.. i'm not sure of others 🙁

 

[bratdoc]

ans please;

RMP is determined by
Ca permeability
K permeability----ANSWER
Na permeability

A virion
a)an abnormal DNA
b)an abnormal RNA
c)an abnormal cellular protein
or something else??

TMJ infection macrophages are usually found in ??

It is because the membrane is much more permeable to K than to other ions

And virion is not abnormal... its just a complete infectious virus particle!

 

[teethie]

ok thank u, cindrella
thank u bratdoc, nice to see u back.

 

[Cindrella]

It is because the membrane is much more permeable to K than to other ions

And virion is not abnormal... its just a complete infectious virus particle!

Oh yes , there are these ungated K+ channels that are always open .. right ?!

 

[pb2007]

ans please;

RMP is determined by
Ca permeability
K permeability.....answer
Na permeability

A virion
a)an abnormal DNA
b)an abnormal RNA
c)an abnormal cellular protein
or something else??

TMJ infection macrophages are usually found in ??

refer deck 14th for virion but its jst what bratdoc mentioned.

tmj macrophages i think should be found in synovial fluid but i'm not sure on this .

 

[teethie]

risk of medually carcinoma of thyroid is increased in
Graves disease
werner syndrome
MEN III
hashimotos disease

low carb diet helps reduce weight by-
maintaing low conc of malonyl coa
ketosis?

sheath of hair follicle is derived from
St corneum st granulosm st lucidm st basale

 

[pb2007]

refer deck 14th for virion but its jst what bratdoc mentioned.

tmj macrophages i think should be found in synovial fluid but i'm not sure on this .

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14692685
This paper reviews recent findings of the synovial membrane, in particular the morphology, function and development of synovial lining cells, in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the synovial membrane in TMJ consists of macrophage-like type A cells and fibroblast-like type B cells identical to those in other systematic joints. The macrophage-like type A cells react with anti-macrophage and macrophage-derived substances including the major histocompatibility class II molecule, and show a drastic increase in their number in the inflamed synovial membrane. In addition, they have the ability to produce substances involved in the progression of TMJ inflammation such as nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Observation of osteopetrotic mice revealed that macrophage-like type A cells in TMJ are derived from monocyte lineage. Immunocytochemistry for 25kDa heat shock protein was able to depict the entire shape of fibroblast-like type B cells including their unique processes. The expression of an estrogen receptor alpha-immunoreaction in the fibroblast-like type B cells may explain the etiology of temporomandibular disorders at a higher frequency in females than in males, suggesting that TMJ is a target tissue for estrogen. Furthermore, fibroblast-like type B cells are equipped with a basement membrane to serve as an adhesion molecule for the fibroblast-like type B cells to keep their epithelial arrangement. A clear understanding of the morphology of the intact synovial membrane will serve to clarify the etiology and development of temporomandibular disorders.

 

[pb2007]

risk of medually carcinoma of thyroid is increased in
Graves disease
werner syndrome
MEN III
hashimotos disease

low carb diet helps reduce weight by-
maintaing low conc of malonyl coa
ketosis?

sheath of hair follicle is derived from
St corneum st granulosm st lucidm st basale

sheat of hair is frm dermis
have a look at kaplan chap on epidermis ,its there on 2nd page .

Diagram of a hair follicle, from Gray's Anatomy.



vvv

sheat of hair is frm dermis
have a look at kaplan chap on epidermis ,its there on 2nd page .

 

[teethie]

thank u pb2007, so answer is synovial membrane not fluid??
i know it is dermis given in kaplan but choices are weird in that question, so posted here🙁

 

[pb2007]

thank u pb2007, so answer is synovial membrane not fluid??
i know it is dermis given in kaplan but choices are weird in that question, so posted here🙁

yes its memb
if choices r seen then may be basale but it had to be dermis,hope it not asda ques .

teethie have a look at that diagram n tel if epidemis is being extended inside til base of root ,then i'm confused may be basale is rite,plz check

 

[Cindrella]

risk of medually carcinoma of thyroid is increased in
Graves disease
werner syndrome
MEN III
hashimotos disease

low carb diet helps reduce weight by-
maintaing low conc of malonyl coa
ketosis?

sheath of hair follicle is derived from
St corneum st granulosm st lucidm st basale

OUTER ROOT SHEATH
Derived from and is continuous with the epidermis
Function unknown. It does not take part in hair formation.
Surrounded by a glassy basement membrane, which in turn is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath. This connective tissue sheath has important inductive properties.

You can check this.... Sry cdn't read myself in detail. http://www.dermweb.com/hairnailsmucousmembranes/structure.htm

 

[pb2007]

You can check this.... Sry cdn't read myself in detail. http://www.dermweb.com/hairnailsmucousmembranes/structure.htm

i think u r rite cindrella coz i was lookin at the diagram that i'v put up it shows basal layer extended deep down ,lets see what others say ,let me see ur link too .

 

[teethie]

thank u all,
i found something just now so pasting it as it is. i think pb2007 you got it absolutely right.

The follicle is an oblique tube that surrounds the root hair. The follicle always extends into the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer. There are two principal concentric layers of the cells of the follicle walls. There is an outer connective tissue root sheath, which originates from the dermis. There is also an inner epithelial tissue root sheath, which originates from the epidermis.

There are also two parts to the epithelial tissue root sheath: an internal root sheath and an external root sheath. Peripheral cells of the matrix produce the internal root sheath. This layer of cells is destroyed quickly so it doesn’t extend the full length of the follicle. The external root sheath generally contains the same epidermal cells as the skin surface and extends between the skin surface and the hair matrix. However, all of the cells resemble those of the stratum basale where this sheath joins the hair matrix.

 

[pb2007]

thank u all,
i found something just now so pasting it as it is. i think pb2007 you got it absolutely right.

The follicle is an oblique tube that surrounds the root hair. The follicle always extends into the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer. There are two principal concentric layers of the cells of the follicle walls. There is an outer connective tissue root sheath, which originates from the dermis. There is also an inner epithelial tissue root sheath, which originates from the epidermis.

There are also two parts to the epithelial tissue root sheath: an internal root sheath and an external root sheath. Peripheral cells of the matrix produce the internal root sheath. This layer of cells is destroyed quickly so it doesn’t extend the full length of the follicle. The external root sheath generally contains the same epidermal cells as the skin surface and extends between the skin surface and the hair matrix. However, all of the cells resemble those of the stratum basale where this sheath joins the hair matrix.

omg...i had no clue there is so much to digest abt hair
thanks teethie

 

[teethie]

pb2007 ur diagram makes all sense,thanks for posting it here👍

 

[Cindrella]

@ thanks teethie and pb2007 for the info.... 👍

Wow ! this is like endless... how do u guys remember sooo much 🙁

 

[pb2007]

@ thanks teethie and pb2007 for the info.... 👍

Wow ! this is like endless... how do u guys remember sooo much 🙁

the more we participate in discussion ,the more things stay in our head ,i had no clue abt hair having epidermal part too .
well said cindrella this is endless ...

 

[teethie]

never mind, i found one answer, if anyone can aswer carbohydrate question..pl

cindrella; we have to remmeber these , no choice,i also started reading this today.

risk of medually carcinoma of thyroid is increased in
Graves disease
werner syndrome
MEN II---------answer
hashimotos disease

low carb diet helps reduce weight by-
maintaing low conc of malonyl coa
ketosis?

 

[pb2007]

never mind, i found one answer, if anyone can aswer carbohydrate question..pl

cindrella; we have to remmeber these , no choice,i also started reading this today.

thanks teethie ,was lukin in endo patho for kaplan ,didnt find anything.

in 2nd ques i'm wondering why malony coa ketosis ,coz low fat diet will promote fatty acid synthesis,i think u r rite coz ketosis at this step wont lead to synthesis.

 

[teethie]

thank u pb2007,
i was not sure of ketosis too, i have to dig into biochem now seems i forgot the steps. if i find something different will post.

thanks teethie ,was lukin in endo patho for kaplan ,didnt find anything.

in 2nd ques i'm wondering why malony coa ketosis ,coz low fat diet will promote fatty acid synthesis,i think u r rite coz ketosis at this step wont lead to synthesis.

 

[teethie]

anyone knows relationship between tmj and different types of arthritis??

pb2007, i am pasting a link from burket abt macrophages of tmj. called type A cells ,this is in addition to ur reference only.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=Q2SP8cOZPvkC&lpg=PA224&dq=macrophages%20TMJ%20synovial&pg=PA224#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

[Cindrella]

Sorry for the basic Question again ... but Can u guys pls tell me The mesial and distal contact point of Mandibular Lateral Incisor. I've been following Incisal third for both mesial and distal ... But , as i was looking through a presentation, they mention Incisal on MESIAL and junction of incisal and middle third on DISTAL .

 

[pb2007]

Sorry for the basic Question again ... but Can u guys pls tell me The mesial and distal contact point of Mandibular Lateral Incisor. I've been following Incisal third for both mesial and distal ... But , as i was looking through a presentation, they mention Incisal on MESIAL and junction of incisal and middle third on DISTAL .

this is what i kno
both mandibular central n lateral hav it in incisal third but wen comparing the distal contact of mand lateral with the distal of central its little lower .
remember that short formula ii ii im for mand anterior
plz correct me ,my da is not gud.
the begenning 2 or 3 deck has this info

 

[Cindrella]

this is what i kno
both mandibular central n lateral hav it in incisal third but wen comparing the distal contact of mand lateral with the distal of central its little lower .👍
remember that short formula ii ii im for mand anterior
plz correct me ,my da is not gud.
the begenning 2 or 3 deck has this info

I agree with the II , II , IM formula for mandibular and IJ , JM , JM for maxillary... 👍

but wanted to confirm since i don't have wheelers... Thank you 🙂

 

[adks19]

thank u pb2007,
i was not sure of ketosis too, i have to dig into biochem now seems i forgot the steps. if i find something different will post.

hey teethie, liked ur way of studyg, cud u plz guide me since how long u ve started preparg,,,,, m jus abt to complete kaplans review bk for first time n done deks 09 -10 once before rw bk
thanx

 

[pb2007]

I agree with the II , II , IM formula for mandibular and IJ , JM , JM for maxillary... 👍

but wanted to confirm since i don't have wheelers... Thank you 🙂

this confirmation is not frm wheelers ,it frm decks only ,looked up fast in wheelers but coud'nt find the rite chapter ,if i find it i'l confirm or let wait n hear frm teethie .

 

[teethie]

cindrella an d pb 2007 agree with u on contacts areas.

guys have a look at tmj link from burket, it is nicely given.posted above.

 

[Cindrella]

ok , this is a weird doubt but i was browsing something on the internet yesterday and i came across this stuff that-

Peptide hormones are synthesized in the RER
Steroid hormones are synthesized in SER

DO it remember this right ? i don't know where i read it so i can't confirm ...can someone pls tell me if this is true !

Please Confirm

 

[Cindrella]

cindrella an d pb 2007 agree with u on contacts areas.

guys have a look at tmj link from burket, it is nicely given.posted above.

Thanks teethie and pb2007 👍

 

[pb2007]

cindrella an d pb 2007 agree with u on contacts areas.

guys have a look at tmj link from burket, it is nicely given.posted above.

if plasma colloid pressure decreases then interstial fluid will pull out water n cause edema ??
wen plasma colloid pressure increases ,it will pull water inside.
if hydrostatic pressure of plasma increases then edema will occur
if '' '' of interstitium increases then water goes to plasma

am i rite with these statements ???

 

[teethie]

if u see my posts, you can come to know that i am only preparing my exam depending on this forum . u r going good, please participate in discussion and help us. start revising decks and kaplan again👍👍

hey teethie, liked ur way of studyg, cud u plz guide me since how long u ve started preparg,,,,, m jus abt to complete kaplans review bk for first time n done deks 09 -10 once before rw bk
thanx

 

[pb2007]

anyone knows relationship between tmj and different types of arthritis??

pb2007, i am pasting a link from burket abt macrophages of tmj. called type A cells ,this is in addition to ur reference only.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=Q2SP8cOZPvkC&lpg=PA224&dq=macrophages%20TMJ%20synovial&pg=PA224#v=onepage&q&f=false

nice link teethie .so confirmed it's memb ,i'l put one ques abt tmj tomorow ,hav to dig into my notes for it ,it was something abt phagocytosis in tmj ,so am wondering if answer is memb for that too n not synovial fluid .

 

[elmos]

never mind, i found one answer, if anyone can aswer carbohydrate question..pl

cindrella; we have to remmeber these , no choice,i also started reading this today.

teethie what i think if low carbohydrate , no formation of fatty acid and there's decrease of malonyl coA, and there's break down of fatty acid for energy and we'll have ketone body formation.
correct me if i'm wrong

 

[teethie]

hey i got confused reading all these lines😕 will confirm by tomorrow, have to re read them. sorry for the wait time.

abt tmj phagocytosis, i was going with fluid as an answer before but seeing todayès link, my answer is in doubt....

if plasma colloid pressure decreases then interstial fluid will pull out water n cause edema ??
wen plasma colloid pressure increases ,it will pull water inside.
if hydrostatic pressure of plasma increases then edema will occur
if '' '' of interstitium increases then water goes to plasma

am i rite with these statements ???

 

[teethie]

thank u elmos.

teethie what i think if low carbohydrate , no formation of fatty acid and there's decrease of malonyl coA, and there's break down of fatty acid for energy and we'll have ketone body formation.
correct me if i'm wrong

 

[elmos]

thks for the link teethie, very nice one.

 

[bratdoc]

if plasma colloid pressure decreases then interstial fluid will pull out water n cause edema ??
wen plasma colloid pressure increases ,it will pull water inside.
if hydrostatic pressure of plasma increases then edema will occur
if '' '' of interstitium increases then water goes to plasma

am i rite with these statements ???

As far as i can remember you are absolutely right! 👍

 

[Svetlana]

Please Confirm

👍

 

[Svetlana]

Guys,what do you think,is decks enough for "ethics"?