Lets discuss questions of NBDE 1

[d dimps]

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1). .Which angle does a P Wave makes on ECG?
a). .45 degree
b). .180 degree
c). .0 degree
d). .-45 degree
e). .-180 degree.

2). .What is endogenous cholesterol? Most endogenous cholesterol is converted to?
a). .Glucose
b). .Cholic acid
c). .Steroid
d). .Oxaloacetete
e). .Ketone bodies

3). .Which of the following statement is correct regarding Glioblastoma multiforme?
a). .the tumor is most common before puberty
b). .it is classified as a type of meningioma
c). .it is most common type of Astrocytoma.
d). .Its prognosis is generally more favourablethan Grade 1 astrocytoma.
e). .It is derived from the epithelial lining of ventricles

4). .Which of the following pathological changes is irreversible?
a). .fatty changes in liver cells
b). .karyolysis in myocardial cells
c). .glycogen deposition in hepatocyte nuclei
d). .hydropic vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells.

5). .An example of Synergism is the effect of?
a). .insulin and glucagon on blood glucose
b). .estrogen and progesterone on uterine motility
c). .growth hormone and thyroxine on skeletal growth.
d). .Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone on potassium excretion.

 

[elmos]

Thanks wdent

A patient has a profound disturbance in equilibrium, alterations of gait (ataxia), and intention tremor. This patient MOST likely has a massive lesion that involves which of the following? A. Amygdala B. Cerebellum👍 C. Cerebral cortex D. Caudate nucleus E. Lenticular nucleus

The MOST susceptible sites in the nervous system for the effects of acute ischemic anoxia are the A. motor end-plates. B. sensory receptors. C. synapses on autonomic ganglia. D. synapses in the central nervous system👍

The aerosol produced during operative dental procedures is likely to contain a predominance of which of the following? A. Yeasts and spirochetes B. Spirochetes and rod forms C. Spirochetes and rickettsiae D. Gram-positive rods and cocci i think this is the answerE. Gram-negative rod forms and spirochetes

Which of the following describes the anatomic progression from mandibular first to third molars? A. The roots become more divergent. B. The crowns and roots become longer. C. The crowns and roots become shorter. D. The crowns become longer, but the roots get shorter. E. The crowns become shorter, but the roots get longer.

correct me if i'm wrong

 

[Cindrella]

correct me if i'm wrong

even i thought of D as a wild guess fr the second one... but don't know the reasoning behind it.... SO will wait for others to answer 👍 thanks for answering elmos

 

[teethie]

👍

Thanks wdent

A patient has a profound disturbance in equilibrium, alterations of gait (ataxia), and intention tremor. This patient MOST likely has a massive lesion that involves which of the following? A. Amygdala
B. Cerebellum 👍
C. Cerebral cortex D. Caudate nucleus E. Lenticular nucleus

The MOST susceptible sites in the nervous system for the effects of acute ischemic anoxia are the A. motor end-plates. B. sensory receptors. C. synapses on autonomic ganglia. D. synapses in the central nervous system
no clue???

The aerosol produced during operative dental procedures is likely to contain a predominance of which of the following? A. Yeasts and spirochetes B. Spirochetes and rod forms C. Spirochetes and rickettsiae D. Gram-positive rods and cocci👍
E. Gram-negative rod forms and spirochetes

Which of the following describes the anatomic progression from mandibular first to third molars? A. The roots become more divergent. B. The crowns and roots become longer. C. The crowns and roots become shorter.👍
D. The crowns become longer, but the roots get shorter. E. The crowns become shorter, but the roots get longer.

 

[teethie]

Guys, pl solve this one???????????? all i know is that it has to do with neurons.

The MOST susceptible sites in the nervous system for the effects of acute ischemic anoxia are the
A. motor end-plates.
B. sensory receptors.
C. synapses on autonomic ganglia.
D. synapses in the central nervous system

 

[briansle]

A subject consumes 250 ml of oxygen per minute with a tidal volume of 400 ml and a respiratory rate of 18 per minute. Which of the following represents this subject's respiratory minute volume in liters?

1. 1.8
2. 4.5
3. 5.4
4. 7.2
5. 10.0

 

[Cindrella]

A subject consumes 250 ml of oxygen per minute with a tidal volume of 400 ml and a respiratory rate of 18 per minute. Which of the following represents this subject's respiratory minute volume in liters?

1. 1.8
2. 4.5... answer
3. 5.4
4. 7.2
5. 10.0

Minute ventilation = ( TV-ADS ) X RR
= ( 400 -150 ) X 18
= 250 X18
= 4500 ml
1 L = 1000 ml

Therefore your Minute ventilation will be = 4.5 L

pls correct me if i am wrong...

 

[Cindrella]

I only knoe of the anterior decussating at Spinal level
Lateral - ipsilateral
posterior at Medulla

all the tracts go thru the internal capsule right ? any exceptions ??

what about medial leminiscus ? how many tracts go via that ? only 2 ? Gracilius and cuneatus ?

Anterolateral system gets inputs from what parts of the body ?


The large ascending bundle of fibers in the medulla that is composed of second order neuron fibers conveying proprioception and discriminatory touch sensations to conscious levels is the
A. medial lemniscus.
B. reticular formation.
C. spinal trigeminal tract.
D. inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Circle of willis :
2 ineternal carotid
2 vertebral
2 posterior communicating
2 anterior cerebral
2 posterior cerebral

1 basilar
1 anterior communaicating

am i missing anything ?


Which of the following characterizes a lymph node?

It contains medullary cords... answer
it lacks afferent lymphatics.
It has crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
it has efferent lymphatics leaving at multiple sites from the capsule.

what are crypts lined with if not st sq epith ?

# Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers passthrough which of the following structures?

Foramen ovale
Stylomastoid foramen
Foramen magnum and hypoglossal canal
Superior orbital fissure and petrotympanic fissure can someone pls elaborate on this...

Cementum has type 1 collagen right ? and the incremental lines are reversal line / rests ????

 

[pb2007]

I only knoe of the anterior decussating at Spinal level
Lateral - ipsilateral
posterior at Medulla

all the tracts go thru the internal capsule right ? any exceptions ??

what about medial leminiscus ? how many tracts go via that ? only 2 ? Gracilius and cuneatus ?

Anterolateral system gets inputs from what parts of the body ?


The large ascending bundle of fibers in the medulla that is composed of second order neuron fibers conveying proprioception and discriminatory touch sensations to conscious levels is the
A. medial lemniscus.
B. reticular formation.
C. spinal trigeminal tract.
D. inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Circle of willis :
2 ineternal carotid
2 vertebral
2 posterior communicating
2 anterior cerebral
2 posterior cerebral

1 basilar
1 anterior communaicating

am i missing anything ?


Which of the following characterizes a lymph node?

It contains medullary cords... answer
it lacks afferent lymphatics.
It has crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
it has efferent lymphatics leaving at multiple sites from the capsule.

what are crypts lined with if not st sq epith ?

# Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers passthrough which of the following structures?

Foramen ovale
Stylomastoid foramen
Foramen magnum and hypoglossal canal
Superior orbital fissure and petrotympanic fissure can someone pls elaborate on this...

Cementum has type 1 collagen right ? and the incremental lines are reversal line / rests ????

in pregan sympathetic fibre ques its refering to 3rd nerve ,coz we kno nerves carrying parasympathetic fibres are 3rd ,7th,9th nn 10th cranial nerve .frm edinger westphal nucleus occulomotor brings pregang fibres to ciliary ganglion which is present after 3rd nerve passes frm superior orbital fissure.frm ciliary gang poast gang fibres taken by ciliary nreves.

also see route of rest 3 nerves too.

The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries:[3]

• Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
• Anterior communicating artery
• Internal carotid artery (left and right)
• Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
• Posterior communicating artery (left and right)

The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries,

 

[pb2007]

Guys, pl solve this one???????????? all i know is that it has to do with neurons.

The MOST susceptible sites in the nervous system for the effects of acute ischemic anoxia are the
A. motor end-plates.
B. sensory receptors.
C. synapses on autonomic ganglia.
D. synapses in the central nervous system

hi teethie is it choice D i was thinkin abt circle of willis as middle cerebral artery is most often the source of infarcts .

 

[Cindrella]

Thanks pb...

Secretory stage ( with tome's process ) in an ameloblast is a part of formative stage ??

 

[Cindrella]

hi teethie is it choice D i was thinkin abt circle of willis as middle cerebral artery is most often the source of infarcts .

makes sense 👍

 

[Anaita]

Minute ventilation = ( TV-ADS ) X RR
= ( 400 -150 ) X 18
= 250 X18
= 4500 ml
1 L = 1000 ml

Therefore your Minute ventilation will be = 4.5 L

pls correct me if i am wrong...

Minute ventilation = TV x RR
Correction for ADS is given only for calculation of "alveolar ventilation"
so, the correct answer would be 400 x 18 = 7200 ml =7.2 L
Correct me if i'm wrong...

 

[Cindrella]

Minute ventilation = TV x RR
Correction for ADS is given only for calculation of "alveolar ventilation"
so, the correct answer would be 400 x 18 = 7200 ml =7.2 L
Correct me if i'm wrong...

You are probably right anaita 👍 sorry i made a mistake.

Intermaxillary process is derived from which branchial arch ?

Blood from the cephalic vein drains into which of the following veins?

Basilic
Braciocephalic
Podnary naswer by ASDA... have never heard of this😕
Internal thoracic
Superior vena cava

 

[pb2007]

You are probably right anaita 👍 sorry i made a mistake.

Intermaxillary process is derived from which branchial arch ?

Blood from the cephalic vein drains into which of the following veins?

Basilic
Braciocephalic
Podnary naswer by ASDA... have never heard of this😕
Internal thoracic
Superior vena cava

i think intermaxillary process is frm 1st arch only

cephalic vein drains to axillary vein .

 

[pb2007]

Thanks pb...

Secretory stage ( with tome's process ) in an ameloblast is a part of formative stage ??

yes it s part of secretory stage ,i think its ques frm 96 or 98 exm of anatomy

 

[pb2007]

..
Which of the following are MOST antigenic?

Lipids
Haptens ... shouldn't it be haptens !!
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates

answer is proteins ,luk into micro immune chap frm kaplan ,it mentions proteins.

 

[teethie]

thank u pb2007🙂

hi teethie is it choice D i was thinkin abt circle of willis as middle cerebral artery is most often the source of infarcts .

 

[teethie]

Most common cause of chronic ulcer of corner of mouth???
patient with 6 permanent & 6 primary teeth in both arches what is the age???
lining of ureter and pelvis???
which tongue papillae shows more keratinisation??

 

[elmos]

Most common cause of chronic ulcer of corner of mouth???
patient with 6 permanent & 6 primary teeth in both arches what is the age??? no idea ???????????????
lining of ureter and pelvis??? it's transitional epithelium
which tongue papillae shows more keratinisation??

it's filiform

 

[teethie]

thanks elmos, but is not tansitional for urethra.
for ureter and pelvis,will it be transitional, this is my doubt actually😕😕

it's filiform

 

[elmos]

thanks elmos, but is not tansitional for urethra.
for ureter and pelvis,will it be transitional, this is my doubt actually😕😕

check this link teethie
http://books.google.com/books?id=qz...Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=ureter epithelium&f=false
anyone have any idea what th1 marker means?and what is it?

 

[elmos]

5)Which root is longer and have greatest curviture in Max.ist molar?
a.lingual
b.mesiofacial...
c.distofacial
d.no curvature on lingual root which is straight
can anyone answer pls.
thks in advance

 

[Anaita]

Hey Cindrella and teethie!! When do you guys log in?? plz do lemme kw... would love to log in at the same time; and for hw long have you been studying?? plan to appear next June for the exams...

 

[Anaita]

Just googled the answer to the components of the Circle of Willis...

1. Internal Carotid Artery ( Left and right)
2. Anterior Communicating Artery (one)
3. Posterior Communicating Artery ( Left and Right)
4. Anterior Cerebral ( left and right)
5. Posterior Cerebral ( left and right)

The Basilar and Middle Cerebral Arteries, though they supply the brain are not considered part of the Circle of Willis

 

[teethie]

thanks for the link elmos. TH1 should be the t helper cells only nothing else. their activity can be expressed in terms of word marker.

5)Which root is longer and have greatest curviture in Max.ist molar?
a.lingual ---------------------------this is the longest hence should be the answer too, and though it is straight but it do appear as a curve like a cow horn. pl correct if wrong.

b.mesiofacial...
c.distofacial
d.no curvature on lingual root which is straight
can anyone answer pls.
thks in advance

 

[teethie]

no fixed time, if I see any question i log on. so keep checking the thread off and on many times a day, luckily other sdners are also logged on by that time so its like chatting and discussions.

Hey Cindrella and teethie!! When do you guys log in?? plz do lemme kw... would love to log in at the same time; and for hw long have you been studying?? plan to appear next June for the exams...

 

[perfectionist1]

thanks elmos, but is not tansitional for urethra.
for ureter and pelvis,will it be transitional, this is my doubt actually😕😕

Both transitional

 

[Cindrella]

Hey Cindrella and teethie!! When do you guys log in?? plz do lemme kw... would love to log in at the same time; and for hw long have you been studying?? plan to appear next June for the exams...

Hi Anaita.... well, i have to fixed time of logging in... just randomly through out the day.... 👍 U still hv plentiy of time 😉 keep studying ! 👍 looking fwd to hearing frm u during the discussiions...


p.s : thanks for putting up branches fr circle of willis.

 

[Cindrella]

Both transitional

Aniie even pelvis is transitional ? i agree with ureter being trnsitional

M that prevents the food frm entering nasopharynx ... if both tensor veli palatini and levator vili palatini are given which one do we choose ?Levator V P ??

@ teethie - intermaxillar y was given as an exception to derivatives of 1st arch...

 

[perfectionist1]

Aniie even pelvis is transitional ? i agree with ureter being trnsitional

M that prevents the food frm entering nasopharynx ... if both tensor veli palatini and levator vili palatini are given which one do we choose ?Levator V P ??

@ teethie - intermaxillar y was given as an exception to derivatives of 1st arch...

1.both transitional-yes.

2.levator vili palatini....tensor just tenses the palate and helps the levator to close.
The tensor veli palatini tenses the soft palate and by doing so, assists the levator veli palatini in elevating the palate to occlude and prevent entry of food into the nasopharynx during swallowing

3.intermaxillary from neural crest cells.👍

 

[teethie]

annie; thanks for the confirmation.

cindrella, i never replied intermaxillary question. but now i have looked into it and found this:

In the 7th week, the inferior portion of the fused medial nasal processes form the intermaxillary process that will fuse with the maxillary swellings to form the philtrum of the upper lip.

another ref is this link also.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=_Cb_XXR5HCQC&lpg=PA53&dq=intermaxillary%20process%20is%20derived%20from&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q=intermaxillary%20process%20is%20derived%20from&f=false

Aniie even pelvis is transitional ? i agree with ureter being trnsitional

M that prevents the food frm entering nasopharynx ... if both
tensor veli palatini -----------------------👍 i go with this
http://books.google.ca/books?id=A2C...evator veli palatini food nasopharynx&f=false

and levator vili palatini
are given which one do we choose ?Levator V P ??

@ teethie - intermaxillar y was given as an exception to derivatives of 1st arch...

 

[teethie]

annie:
we are differing in nasopharynx answer.no doubt, it s by both muscles, very hard to pick one.
anyone pl help here......................

 

[teethie]

help with these..........

Most common cause of chronic ulcer of corner of mouth???
patient with 6 permanent & 6 primary teeth in both arches what is the age???
QUOTE]

 

[perfectionist1]

help with these..........

Most common cause of chronic ulcer of corner of mouth???----candida😕
patient with 6 permanent & 6 primary teeth in both arches what is the age???
i think its arnd 9 years....

 

[teethie]

annie thank u for the answers.🙂

help with these..........

Most common cause of chronic ulcer of corner of mouth???----candida😕
patient with 6 permanent & 6 primary teeth in both arches what is the age???
i think its arnd 9 years....

 

[perfectionist1]

annie:
we are differing in nasopharynx answer.no doubt, it s by both muscles, very hard to pick one.
anyone pl help here......................

we need both for the action coz ether of the muscles cannot act on its own.like levator need tensor to elevate and prevent food from entering.Also i guess the questns are asked whr we can choose both muscles instead f a single muscle.....so answer:both👍

 

[Cindrella]

annie; thanks for the confirmation.

cindrella, i never replied intermaxillary question. but now i have looked into it and found this:

In the 7th week, the inferior portion of the fused medial nasal processes form the intermaxillary process that will fuse with the maxillary swellings to form the philtrum of the upper lip.

another ref is this link also.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=_Cb_XXR5HCQC&lpg=PA53&dq=intermaxillary%20process%20is%20derived%20from&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q=intermaxillary%20process%20is%20derived%20from&f=false

I"m really sorry teethie... it wasn't your post.. had seen in a hurry. Very Sorry.

and thankyou annie n teethie fr the answer

Another Q .. i am messing up with embryo of anterior 2/3 of tongue

1 median bud
2 lateral lingual swellings with form the sides of the tongue right

Tuperculum impar forms the dorsum just anterior to F caecum

now all of the above three structures ( median and lateral bud + t. impar ) i hv mentioned are from 1st pharyngeal arch ?

Copula from 2nd pharyngeal arch and hypobranchial emininee from 3rd and 4th arch

is this correct ???

 

[Cindrella]

help with these..........

Most common cause of chronic ulcer of corner of mouth???----candida😕
patient with 6 permanent & 6 primary teeth in both arches what is the age???
i think its arnd 9 years....

👍

 

[teethie]

I"m really sorry teethie... it wasn't your post.. had seen in a hurry. Very Sorry.

and thankyou annie n teethie fr the answer

Another Q .. i am messing up with embryo of anterior 2/3 of tongue

1 median bud
2 lateral lingual swellings with form the sides of the tongue right

Tuperculum impar forms the dorsum just anterior to F caecum

now all of the above three structures ( median and lateral bud + t. impar ) i hv mentioned are from 1st pharyngeal arch ?---------yes ur right and i think median swelling itself is called tuberculum impar so it is not a different structure.

Copula from 2nd pharyngeal arch and hypobranchial emininee from 3rd and 4th arch------yes ur right and this forms the root of the tongue.

is this correct ???

..

 

[Anaita]

the answer to this one depends on what the question implies; if it is six primary and six permanent teeth in each arch then the age works up to around 7-8 years..
Permanent teeth - 2 centrals, 2 laterals n the 1st permanent molars
Deciduous teeth - 2 canines and 4 deciduous molars..
thnx Cindrella and teethie..🙂, honestly am enjoying these question and answer sessions.. there are some real tough ones which get your mind ticking!!

 

[Cindrella]

..

Yep even i thought that tuberculum impar and median bud shud b same but the diagram of arrangement of those buds in one of the books made it look as thought the median buds are placed more anteriorly from the lingual buds... so... got confused.

but thanks fr clearing it up.

another Q

synovial joints posses all features except
1-art cartilage
2- joint cavity
3- joint capsule
4-synov memb
5- articular disk

 

[teethie]

thanks anaita, but as it is 6 primary teeth is not possible in whle mouth, it has to be more ,only case wuld be if the question is talking abt one arch only.
that was the doubt, it seems question is incomplete too.

the answer to this one depends on what the question implies; if it is six primary and six permanent teeth in each arch then the age works up to around 7-8 years..
Permanent teeth - 2 centrals, 2 laterals n the 1st permanent molars
Deciduous teeth - 2 canines and 4 deciduous molars..
thnx Cindrella and teethie..🙂, honestly am enjoying these question and answer sessions.. there are some real tough ones which get your mind ticking!!

 

[Anaita]

👍[/QUOTE
Low vertical dimension - angular cheilitis - drooling of saliva - candida.. i think so too!! Correct me if i'm wrong

 

[Anaita]

Yep even i thought that tuberculum impar and median bud shud b same but the diagram of arrangement of those buds in one of the books made it look as thought the median buds are placed more anteriorly from the lingual buds... so... got confused.

but thanks fr clearing it up.

another Q

synovial joints posses all features except
1-art cartilage
2- joint cavity
3- joint capsule
4-synov memb
5- articular disk

Answer... articular disk.. correct me if i'm wrong

 

[teethie]

anaita: disk is present in some joints
cindrella, very tricky, all are prsesnt, no exception.

 

[Anaita]

anaita: disk is present in some joints
cindrella, very tricky, all are prsesnt, no exception.

Very tricky question, and you do have a point there but the main features which characterise synovial ( diarthrodial) joints are the joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane and the articular capsule... read this in the BRS.. probably should look up elsewhere as well

 

[Cindrella]

Answer... articular disk.. correct me if i'm wrong

thank you

Also pls tell me the primary and secondary ossification centers of maxill anad mandible

 

[teethie]

well anaita, then this is the strongest reference, lets go with articular disc.
i checked in ten cates, it says some joints have disc.
so it means that some dont.right....

Very tricky question, and you do have a point there but the main features which characterise synovial ( diarthrodial) joints are the joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane and the articular capsule... read this in the BRS.. probably should look up elsewhere as well

 

[teethie]

these are present in long bones not in maxillae or mandible
correct me if wrong.

thank you

Also pls tell me the primary and secondary ossification centers of maxill anad mandible

 

[makeit]

anybody knows this?😴
how many point angles does a canine have?