The 50K is the multi-year retention bonus and comes after you complete all educational payback and sign a 4 year contract. Lesser amounts are available for 2-3-4 year contracts. General dentists get $25K for a 4 year contract on the DOMRB.
The pays are changing shortly, however; new specialists coming in will have a new pay plan that has just been released in the last few weeks (so new that the Navy hasn't issued its own guidance yet).
And the pays are the same across the services, guided by the same DOD instruction, so you won't find any major differences between the services.
As for whether that's enough, you need to decide that for yourself. No one has ever claimed that the military dentistry career is as financially lucrative as private practice. When you consider that the average brand new sailor deploying multiple times to sea for 9 months at a time, or the average young soldier or Marine kicking doors in across Afghanistan make under $30K annually, you have to understand that while the military offers a lot of benefits, that in the end it's about service, not personal financial gain.
Thanks @vellnueve - I knew that pay changes were made in the Army (shown below) and I'm thinking those are the same changes for the Navy and AF. Interestingly, they show all changes for everything but the retention bonuses for specialists. Hopefully they don't go down like the General Dentist MRBs did.
Changes:
Legacy - VSP (monthly) and ASP (annually)
New "CSP" - Now just collectively called HPOIP paid annually in the amount of $20,000
Board Certified Pay
Legacy BCP - was $209-$500/month
New CSP - now $2,500-$6,000 per year
Retention Bonuses For General Dentists
Legacy - would receive an annual bonus of $18k, $27k, or $35k for a 2, 3, or 4 year extension
New CSP - now receive only $13k, $19k, or $25k for those same 2, 3, or 4 year extensions
Retention Bonuses for Specialists
Legacy - would receive annual bonus of $25k, $38k, or $50k for a 2, 3, or 4 year extension
New CSP - ????¿????¿????
FYI I got these figures and this info from this video posted by the Army last month:
I'm also giving this screenshot of the relevant info.