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1) which of the following directly catalyses urea formation in a cell?
a urease
b uricase
c arginase
d glutaminase
20 under physiologic conditions, the lowest partial pressure of oxygen is found in
a expired air
b alveolar air
c venous blood
d arterial blood
e normal atmosphere air
3) cushing syndrome is characterised by each of the following except one which one is the EXCEPTION?
a increased protein anabolism
b increased androgen levels
c hyperglycemia
d hypertension
e hyperkalemia
cushing syndrome causes both protein catabolism and hypokalemia
4) which of the following histologically describes oral mucosa on the floor of the mouth?
a non keratinised epithelium with lamina propria and sub mucosa
b nonkeratinised epithelium with lamina propria but no sub mucosa1.in the intercuspal position,the maxillary posterior teeth oppose
a.facial inclines of facial cusps
b.lingual inclines of facial cusps
c.facial inclines of lingual cusps
d.lingual inclines of lingual cusps
1.a,b.c
2.a,b,d
3.a,c
4.b,c
5.all the above
2.as the teeth are closed in intercuspal position ,the final movemant of the mandible is directed by the
1.height of the free way space
2.strength of the muscle sof mastication
3.cusp fossa relation ship of opposing teeth
4.ligaments that extend from ythe skull to mandible
5.shape of the articular eminnence of the temporo mandibular joint
3.at the same time as the supre hyoid muscles co nteact during swallowing ,a downward displacement of the mandible is prevented by the contraction of the
1.infre hyoid muscle
2.masticatory muscles
3.anterior cervical muscles
4.posterior cervical muscles
5.muscles of facial expression
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1 A dehydrated dental patient, as a result of severe vomiting following over use of a narcotic analgesic, might pesent with which of following symptoms?
a increased pulse rate. <-- SV goes down so HR goes up to compensate
b an increased blood pressure.
c facial edema
d distended neck veins
e desire to constantly urinate.
2 Destruction of left spinocerebellar tract at T2 wouold be expected to eliminate positional sense on the
a right side of the body above T2
b right side of the body below T2
c left side of the body above T2
d left side of body below T2 <-- spinocerebellar tract is for proprioception so it stays on the ipsilateral side throughout the spinal cord
3 which of the following circumstances produce edema?
a increased tissue oncotic pressure. <-- oncotic pressure draws fluid into the space, so tissue oncotic pressure would draw fluid into the tissue and thus out of the vasculature
b increased plasma oncotic pressue.
c increased tissue hydrostatic pressure.
d decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure.
decreased venous pessure.
4 Sodium permeability of an axon membrane is maximal during the
a negative after potential
b positive after potential
c ascending limb of action potential <-- I believe this is correct since this is where it passes threshold
d descending limb of action potential
5 The basic principles for sequencing DNA by Sanger procedure derive from which of the following
a translation
b transcription
c replication <-- from what I recall this technique uses replication to sequence DNA. They put in a bunch of bases and then a few of each base which can't be added on to. And because you can't add on to those bases, replication will stop at certain points and you'll get a bunch of different sized fragments. The bases that can't be added on to are labeled. Then you filter them out by size. Basically the smallest one comes out first which is going to be the one with only one base. Then the one with two bases comes out next. And so on. Since these 'dead bases' are labeled, you can sequence the DNA. The radioactive base in the 1 base fragment is the first base. The radioactive base in the 2 base fragment is the second base, etc.
d reverse transcripition
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1. in sagital plane diagram ,initial occlusal contact in retruded contacting position occurs
a]at more lateral position than intercusspal position
b]at same verticle position as i.c.p.
c]at more superior position than i.c.p
d]at more inferior position than i.c.p
2when a brief period of hysterical hyperventillation causes respiratory alkalosis ,tetany might be caused by sudden decrease in the following kind of calcium
a]total serum
b]ionized serum
c]citrate bound
d]serum protien bound
3enamel rods converge as they pass from dentinoenamel junction towards the surface in the area of
a]cervical line of perm teeth
b]cervical line of primary teeth
c] fissure
4.which of the following are located extracellularly
a]lysosomes
b]microtubules
c]tonofibrils
d]glycocalyx
5.secondary centtre of ossification is found in which of the following arrea
a]diaphysis
b]epiphysis
c]metaphysis
d]epiphysial plate
e]inner aspects of bone trabeculae within diaphysis
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IN the Rt laterotusive , F cusp of the max rt 1st M passes through which of the following groove of mand rt 1st molar .
1 Lingual
2 central
3 MF
4 DF
what i think is MF. what do u think am i right
Q the height of the lingual cusps of th mand 1st molar accomodate which of the following ---
1 centric relation
2 working movement
3 protusive position
4 non working movement
5 maximum intercuspation
with explanation please ---
thankyou
Working Movement, coz' they are guiding cusps and do not play a role in the other options.
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which of the following statements BEST describe GTP-binding
proteins(G-Proteins)?
a.are important components of steroid harmone signal transduction
b.catalize the reaction which produces diacylglycerol
c.are tightly bound to adenylate cyclase
d.usually inactive protein kinase C
e.are membrane proteins
Total urinary nitrogen excretion in LEAST when an individual is?
a.starving
b.on a well balanced diet
c.on a diet containing adequate fat and carbohydrate but no protein
d.on a diet containing adequate pretein but no fat or carbohydrate
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C
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each of following about lymphocyte activation correct except:
IL5 is a B cell growth and differentiation factor
IL2 stimulate proliferation of T and B cells
B cells recognize Ag on surface of Ag presenting cells in context of HLA-D
T cells recognize Ag on surface of Ag presenting cells in context of HLA-B
ans : B cell recognize Ag on surface of ag presenting cells in context of HLA-D
A critical difference between B cells and T cells is how each lymphocyte "sees" its antigen. B cells recognize their cognate antigen in its native form. They recognize free (soluble) antigen in the blood or lymph using their BCR or membrane bound-immunoglobulin. In contrast, T cells recognize their cognate antigen in a processed form, as a peptide fragment presented by an antigen presenting cell's MHC molecule to the T cell receptor.
types of inflammatory exudates exept:
fibrous
fibrinous
pseudomembranous
wich is a nucleotide:
urate
uracil
adenosine
thymidylate
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1. Each of the following factors affects heights of cusps and depths of fossae on restorations except:
a. curve of spee
b. intercondylar distance
c. vertical overlap of anterior teeth
d. horizontal overlap of anterior teeth
e. steepness of the articular eminence
2. In primary first molars, which portion of the crown is shorter occlusongigivally?
a. mesial
b. distal
c. midfacial
d. midlingual
3. How many triangular ridges, transverse ridges, and marginal ridges are in mandibular first molars?
Ans. 5, 1,2
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1]aspirated food into lungs all of the following can happen except which one?pneumonia,pneumothorax,lung abcess,etci think pneumothorax
2]jaw reflex-nerves located in semilunar______trigeminal ganglion
3]IgG is activated where?myoepith,striated,etc
4]what is not involved in translation?
5what is not involved in collagen synthesis?mitochondrion,snrp,etc
6]the structure and nomenclature of the nucleotide bases eg the nomenclature of atp when it is broken down.is it adenine ,adenosine,etc
7]how to make a cDNA library?
8]listeria causes dysentery,cholera ,fecal death,gastroenteritis
9]high intensity disinfectant??kill hepB,TB,ALLSPORES?
10]WHAT DOES NOT PREDISPOSE TO CERVICAL CANCER?MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS,UNCIRCUMSCRIBED,EARLY MENARCHE,PAPILLOMAVIRUS?
11]WHICH TWO CUSPS OF MAND PRI 1 MOLAR MAKE UP TRANSVERSE RIDGE?
12]CLASS II RELATIONSHIP?INCREASED/DEC CONDYLAR DISTANCE,INC/DEC BENNET ANGLE?
12]CULYURE WITH Y OR H SHAPED FILAMENT ORGANISMS WOULD BE?
13]WHATS POSTERIOR TO AZYGOUS VEIN?
14]PATIENT COMESCOMES WITH FRACTURED FEMUR DIES WITH IN COUPLE OF HOURSDUE TO WHICH EMBOLI?
15]PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA HAS SUDDEN BLEEDING FROM GUMS REASON WOULD BE?
16]IF MANDIBULAR CANINE ON RIGHT SIDE IS LOST,HOW DOES IT AFFECT PTOTUSIVE CONTACTS ON THE LEFT CANINE?
4]what is not involved in translation?
Ans:No error checking is involved.
5what is not involved in collagen synthesis?mitochondrion,snrp,etc
Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum,Golgibodies are for sure involved.
6]the structure and nomenclature of the nucleotide bases eg the nomenclature of atp when it is broken down.is it adenine ,adenosine,etc
Ans: Adenine
8]listeria causes dysentery,cholera ,fecal death,gastroenteritis
Ans: it causes food borne diseases..I will go with gastroenteritis.
9]high intensity disinfectant??kill hepB,TB,ALLSPORES?
Ans: Should kill TB
10]WHAT DOES NOT PREDISPOSE TO CERVICAL CANCER?MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS,UNCIRCUMSCRIBED,EARLY MENARCHE,PAPILLOMAVIRUS?
Ans:UNCIRCUMSCRIBED
11]WHICH TWO CUSPS OF MAND PRI 1 MOLAR MAKE UP TRANSVERSE RIDGE?
Ans: Buccal & lingual
12]CLASS II RELATIONSHIP?INCREASED/DEC CONDYLAR DISTANCE,INC/DEC BENNET ANGLE?
Ans: Decreased condylar distance
12]CULYURE WITH Y OR H SHAPED FILAMENT ORGANISMS WOULD BE?
Ans: Only one I can think of is Candida cause of hyphae(I may be wrong)
13]WHATS POSTERIOR TO AZYGOUS VEIN?
Ans: Vagus NV.......(I found out it lies to the left side so post to azygos lies: lower 8 thoracic vertebrae, Rt post. intercostal arteries.)
14]PATIENT COMESCOMES WITH FRACTURED FEMUR DIES WITH IN COUPLE OF HOURSDUE TO WHICH EMBOLI?
Ans: AIR emboli.this is wrong..........Fat emboli
15]PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA HAS SUDDEN BLEEDING FROM GUMS REASON WOULD BE?
Ans: In leukemia Gum hypertrophy occurs because of leukemic infiltration.
hey guys do u have answer for these Q
initially, the developing heart is
a. induced by the notochord
b. positioned posterior to the notochord
c. positioned anterior to the prochordal plate
d. between the prochordal plate and the notochord.
2.rodent ulcers commenly seen
above alatragus line
below alatragus line
hair less skin
all of the above
Crevicular fluid contains each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION ?
a. lgA
b. lgG
c. lgE
d. Lymphocytes
e. Polymorphonuclear cells
Crevicular fluid contains IgA, IgG, IgM, albumin, neutrophils, macrophages, B and T lymphocytes
patient who has minimal resistance to a gonococcal infection MOST probably has
a. leukocytosis
b. agammaglobullnemia
c. an eosinophil deficiency
d. deficiency in cell-mediated immunity
e. deficiency in complement factors C6, C7 and C8
Individuals with C5, C6,C7, C8, or C9 deficiency are particularly susceptible to meningococcaland gonococcal infections.
Touch receptors are MOST numerous per unit area in the mucosa of which of the following?
a) Uvula
b) Hard Palate
c) Attached gingiva
d) Tip of the tongue
e) Buccal/labial vestibule
Meissner's corpuscle They are distributed throughout the skin, but concentrated in areas especially sensitive to light touch, such as the fingertips, palms, soles, lips, tongue, face and the skin of the male and female genitals. They are primarily located just beneath the epidermis within the dermal papillae.
ques) Which of the following pairs of amino acids is expected to be found on the interior of a globular protein?
A-Lysine and arginine
B-Arginine and leucine
C-Leucine and valine
D-Valine and glutamic acid
D-Glutamic acid and lysine
it syas interior of globular protien,in interior there are always hydrobhobic n non polar amina acids present,so im confuse among B n C,can sombody solve the problem,
thankyou
if there is ratio of bicarbonate-carbonic acid is 20:1,after sometime it will be 10:1,what do u say it is
1-compensate alkalosis
2-compensate acidosis
3-uncompensate alkalosis
4-uncompensate acidosis
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what is net charge glutamic acid in PH 1
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
hydroxyl gp that participate in enzyme reaction
serine
alanine
glycine
proline
arginine
please explain why u choose ur answers
thanks a lot
Ques 2 . what is net charge glutamic acid in PH 1
Ans. 0 (zero)
Because at pH 7 side chain of amino acids carry a charge which is negative incase of glutamic acid as well as aspartic acid. As the pH decreases, both these acids begin to lose their negative charges and at pH less than 4, they are mainly neutral. So. i think there will be no net charge.
Ques 3. Hydroxyl gp that participate in enzyme reaction
Ans. Serine
It belongs to polar group of amino acids. Polar groups interact with aqueous environment to form H-bonds. Moreover, Its a precursor for certain amino acids (which arginine is not though it is polar). So i think precursor and being polar helps the enzyme reaction.
2008
1. methyl xanthines such as caffine n theophyliine enhance lipolysis in adipose tissue by
a] inducing adenylate cyclase synthesis
b]inducing triglyceride lipase synthesis
c]inhibiting cyclic amp phosphodiestrase activity
d]directly activating intracellular protien kinase
e]enhancing binding of epinephrine to an extra cellular membrane receptor
which of the following can increase the rate of net flux or diffusion of oxygen through the alveolar membrane?
a]decreasing the temperature
b]inc the cross sectional area
c]decreasing the conc. gradient
d]inc path lenght of difusion
1)The disto lingual cusp of right mandibular first molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during right lateral excursion. Which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?
a lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
b facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.
2) When viewed from mesial, where is the furcation between lingual root and mesiobuccal root located?
a toward facial
b centered faciolingually (not sure)
c toward lingual
3)On the crown of mandibular first molar, the facial cusp ridge of ML cusp originates at the cusp tip and terminates at which of the following?
a lingual groove.
b halfway down the facial surface.
c halfway down the lingual surface.
d mesial portion of central groove.
e mesiolinguo-occlusl point angle area
3)The occlusal table of mandibular first molar normally exhibits which of the following ridges?
a 2 oblique.
b 4 marginal
c 3 transverse
d 4 triangular
e 5 triangular
4)In a normal occlusion, a mediotrusive interference can occur between which of the following cusps?
a maxillary and mandibular supporting.
b maxillary and mandibular guiding.
c maxillary guiding and mandibular supporting.
d maxillary supporting and mandibular guiding
5) When examining normal mandibular arch fom sagittal view, what inclination of teeth can be observed?
a anterior teeth are distally inclined and psterior teeth mesially inclined.
b both anterior and posterior teeth are distally inclined.
c both anterior and posterior teeth are mesially inclined.
d anterior teeth are mesially inclined and posterior teeth are distally inclined.
e anterior and posterior teeth are straight.
6) A bone lesion with radiopaque structures radiating from periphery suggest?
a multiple myeloma.
osteosarcoma
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08
1. in sagital plane diagram ,initial occlusal contact in retruded contacting position occurs
a]at more lateral position than intercusspal position
b]at same verticle position as i.c.p.
c]at more superior position than i.c.p
d]at more inferior position than i.c.p
2when a brief period of hysterical hyperventillation causes respiratory alkalosis ,tetany might be caused by sudden decrease in the following kind of calcium
a]total serum
b]ionized serum
c]citrate bound
d]serum protien bound
Q no. 1 is d -more inferior position than icp
Both retruded contact position & Centric relation are the same [acc. to Wheeler's]
Also ans for Q. 2,shouldn't it be a.- total serum ??
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08
Indicative of myocardial infarction if found at increased serum levels:
A. Myosin
B. Troponin
C. Tropomyosin
D. Myosin kinase
E. Myosin phosphatase
B)ans) It is important to note that cardiac troponins are a marker of all heart muscle damage, not just myocardial infarction,Other conditions that directly or indirectly lead to heart muscle damage can also therefore increase troponin levels.
Which of the following glands are constituents of blood supply LEAST readily available to parenchyma?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Lymph node
D. Peyer's patch
E. Pharyngeal tonsil..
in the adult thymus the blood supply is isolated from the parenchyma but in the child thymus the blood is NOT as isolated from the parenchyma.
Constituent of epithelial cells or tissues that gives a positive PAS reaction:
A. Cilia
B. Nuclei
C. Nucleoli
D. Brush Borders
please what does PAS reaction mean?????
and hope that you explain when you answer.
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08
1. Healthy female,second encounter with antigen with antibody response.Secondary response will differ from the first encounter by:
A. Significant degree of cross reactivity with her own tissue.
B. Apprearing much lower since B and T cells have been exhausted.
C. Production of antibodies predominantly of IgM class.
D. Synthesis of antibodies in much higher titer that exhibit a better fit for antigen.
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08
1. Which of the following muscle positions the condyle in the most superior anterior position?
a.masseters and digastrics.
2.masseter and medial pterygoids\
3.temporalis and sternocleidomastoids.
4 temporalis and superior lateral pterygyoids.
5.medial ptreygyoid and sternocleidomastoid.
2.
in class 3 mal;ooclusion the mesiofacial cusp of mandibular first molar occlueds in the:
1.mesial fossa of the first premolar.
2.central fossa of upper 6
3.mesial fossa of upper 5
4.embrasure between upper 5 and 6.
5.embrasure btw upper 6 and 7.
3.when viewdfrom the facial aspect ,the crown of the mandibular first premolar has an occlusal outline that exhibits whichof the following characteristics?
1.cusp tip which is offset to the distal
2.cusp tip which is centered mesiodistally.
3distoooclusal slope longer than mesio-occlusal slope.
4.mesioooclusal slope longer thn do slope.
4.Which of the following anatomic features will restrict the amount of lateral shift that can occur on a working side condyle?
1.medial wall of the articular fossa on working side.
2.superior wall of the articular fossa on the non working side.
3.capsular ligament.
4.stylohyoid ligament
5.stylomandibular ligament.
5 In a left lateral movement which cusp of the lower 6 has potential to contact the mesiolingual cusp of maxillary right first molar?
1.distal
2.distofacial
3.mesiolingua
4.distolingual
08
-Total uniary nitrogen excretion in LEAST when and individaul is?
a-starving
b-on a well balanced diet
c-on a diet containing adequate fat and carbohydrate but no protein^^^
d- on a diet contains adequate protein bu no fat of carbohydrate
3- Which disinefective is effective against herpes simplex viru but not rhinovarius?
a-Sodium Hypochlorite
b-Phenolics
c-gLuteraldehydes
d-70% Isopropyl Alcohol^^^
4- Initially the developing heart is?
a-Induced by notochord
b-Position posterior to notochord
c-Position anterior to the procordal plate^^^
d-Between the procordal plate and protochard
5-When viewed occlusualy, the axis of which of the following groups of teeth tend to be aligned nearest to a straight line?
a- Right and left maxillary central and lateral incisors
b- Right and left mandibular central and lateral incisors
c- Maxillary and left mandibular central and lateral incisors
d- All maxillary first premolars and first molars^^^
e- all mandibular anterior teeth
6-A urine sample with a pH of 5.7 will have a H+ ion conc of -?
Ph=
7-How does one calculate the fluoride content in PPM in a tooth paste?
8- HOw uncouplers affect P/O ratio? Increase or decrease?
P:O = [ATP formed] : [oxygen consumed]
In oxidative phosphorylation, Uncouplers - energy lost as heat without
Atp synthesis, hence decrease in p
ratio
9- Colonies with H or Y shaped filamentous m-oranisms? can be fungi
10- Which of the following describes and example of innate immunity?
a-An allergic reaction to insect venom
b-The classical pathway of complement^^^
c-The destruction of virus infected cells fo T-Killer cells
d- The production IgG in response to insect venom
e-The alternative pathway of complement
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1The sliding movement in the TMJ occurs between which of the following
a. disks and articular eminence.^^^
b. mandibular heads and articular eminences.
2Enamel rods converge as they pass from the dentinoenamel junction toward the surface in the area of the
a. cervical line of permanent teeth.
b. cervical line of primary teeth.
c. fissures.^^^
4. In maximum opening the condyles are positioned
a. in the anterior glenoid fossa^^^
b. in the posterior glenoid fossa
c. either inferior to the articular tubercle or anterior to it
6 Which of the following explains why the digestive action of salivary amylase continues for some time after swallowing?
a. Gastric HCI increases the digestive action of amylase
b. Gastric mucin lubricates the bolus and assists amylase activity
c. The amylase inside the bolus is protected from the inactivating action of gastric HCI.^^^
d. Water absorption by the stomach concentrates amylase and make its action more effective
whaich has lower P02
-venous blood or expired air ------ dont no
in essential hypertension , which of the following represents the classic autopsy finding in the kidney?
a.pyelonephritis
b.glemerulonephritis
c.begin nephrosclerosis^^^
d.renal artery stenosis
e.renal infarction
68] The mandiublar condyle is covered with ....
a. Elastic tissue
b. Hyanline
c. Periostium
d. Collagenous tissue^^^
12. The inability to move the diaphragm because of a complete spinal section at
-C2^^^
-C6
-C7
-C8
30) Which of the following is a nucleotide?
A. Urate
B. Uracil
C. Ribose
D. Adenosine
E. Thymidylate^^^
The cell membrane is LEAST permeable to which of the following substances?
A. O2
B. CO2
C. H2O
D. Sodium^^^
E. Ethanol
24) Each of the following is a type of inflammatory exudates EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Serous
B. Fibrous^^^ not sure
C. Purulent
D. Fibrinous
E. Pseudomembranous
Types of exudates
1. Serous - thin fluid, relatively low in protein.
2. Fibrinous - rich in fibrin or fibrinoid.
3. Suppurative (pus) - neutrophils and debris.
4. Hemorrhagic - occurs when vessels rupture.
19) Which of the folliwng represents a risk factor for the development of endometrial carcinoma?
A. HPV infection
B. Endometriosis
C. Multiple leiomyomas
D. Multiple pregnancies
E. Hyperestrogenism^^^
15) Which of the following anatomic factors will restrict the amount of lateral shift that can occur on a working condyle?
A. Medial wall of the articular fossa on the working side
B. Superior wall of the articular fossa on the non-working side
C. Capsular ligaments^^^
D. Stylohyoid ligament
E. Stylomandibular ligament
Originally Posted by anudoc
1 which of the following can be increased by polypeptide harmones except one. Which one is the exception?
a inositol triphosphate concentration.
b intracellular calcium concentration.
c intracellular potassium concentration
d adenylate cyclase activity
e protein kinase c activity
2 which of the following is a nucleotide.
a urate
b uracil
c guanine
d adenosine
thymidylate
3 A single impulse travels down an alpha motor axon. This results in which of the following?
a the activation of a single motor unit.
b the contraction of one muscle fibre
c a subthreshold generator potential
d a muscle action potential without contraction
e brief repetitive firing of muscle fibres.
4 shape of pulp canal of mandibular canine at mid root section?
Ans: oval, mesiodistally compressed
5 which of the following restorations is the least likely to interfere with a patients physiologic maximum intercuspal position contacts?
a distolingual class lll on maxillary right canine.
b MO on a mandibular right first molar
c MOD on a maxillary right second premolar.
d MO on a maxillary left first molar.
6 The articulating surfaces and non articulating surfaces of tmj are covered by? articulating surface by fibrocartilage, what about non articulating surface????
Non-articular surfaces - synovial membrane
7 From occlusal aspect which mandibular pre molar has the most pentagonal shape of its crown outline?
a first
b Y type second
c U type second
d H type second
e X type second
8 which of the following crown surfaces of teeth has a contact area that is theoritically located at the most cervical level?
a mesial of tooth # 6
b distal of tooth #12
c mesial of tooth #3
d distal of tooth #11
e mesial of tooth#7
9 Working side condye performs which movements?
mainly rotation
Which structure is closest to occlusal plane?
a. mandibular foramen
b. external oblique ridge
c. mental foramen
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prostaglandin in seminal fluid thought to
cause ovulation
stimulate muscular contraction in uterus
:
stimulate vestibular glands to produce mucus
Ans: It is a tricky Q. Seminal fluid contains Fructose & prostaglandin
Fructose : provides oxidative energy for sperm
Prostaglandin: Induction of contractions in uterus to help prople the sperm forward.
prevotella intermedia found in oral cavity
immediately after a PDL disease( not sure)
or long after o PDL disease
max central incisor cross sectioned at cervical line will have
triangular
oval form
please explain the effect of tetracyclin if taken by mother in second trimester ..
Ans: Second trimester is from week 13 to almost week 25 of intrauterine life(i.e 4-6 mnths of pregnancy) we have to think abt the teeth which ones are forming around that area. Almost all primary teeth will be stained.
in cyanide poisining
what type of transport will be present:
simple diffusion ( not sure)
facilitated
active
cyanide poisoning poisons oxidative phosphorylation...so hampers active transport..
For prevotella intermedia qeustion none of choice is correct as It is cause of PDL disease and it should be present at the time of Disease or before PDL disease...
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a urease
b uricase
c arginase
d glutaminase
20 under physiologic conditions, the lowest partial pressure of oxygen is found in
a expired air
b alveolar air
c venous blood
d arterial blood
e normal atmosphere air
3) cushing syndrome is characterised by each of the following except one which one is the EXCEPTION?
a increased protein anabolism
b increased androgen levels
c hyperglycemia
d hypertension
e hyperkalemia
cushing syndrome causes both protein catabolism and hypokalemia
4) which of the following histologically describes oral mucosa on the floor of the mouth?
a non keratinised epithelium with lamina propria and sub mucosa
b nonkeratinised epithelium with lamina propria but no sub mucosa1.in the intercuspal position,the maxillary posterior teeth oppose
a.facial inclines of facial cusps
b.lingual inclines of facial cusps
c.facial inclines of lingual cusps
d.lingual inclines of lingual cusps
1.a,b.c
2.a,b,d
3.a,c
4.b,c
5.all the above
2.as the teeth are closed in intercuspal position ,the final movemant of the mandible is directed by the
1.height of the free way space
2.strength of the muscle sof mastication
3.cusp fossa relation ship of opposing teeth
4.ligaments that extend from ythe skull to mandible
5.shape of the articular eminnence of the temporo mandibular joint
3.at the same time as the supre hyoid muscles co nteact during swallowing ,a downward displacement of the mandible is prevented by the contraction of the
1.infre hyoid muscle
2.masticatory muscles
3.anterior cervical muscles
4.posterior cervical muscles
5.muscles of facial expression
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1 A dehydrated dental patient, as a result of severe vomiting following over use of a narcotic analgesic, might pesent with which of following symptoms?
a increased pulse rate. <-- SV goes down so HR goes up to compensate
b an increased blood pressure.
c facial edema
d distended neck veins
e desire to constantly urinate.
2 Destruction of left spinocerebellar tract at T2 wouold be expected to eliminate positional sense on the
a right side of the body above T2
b right side of the body below T2
c left side of the body above T2
d left side of body below T2 <-- spinocerebellar tract is for proprioception so it stays on the ipsilateral side throughout the spinal cord
3 which of the following circumstances produce edema?
a increased tissue oncotic pressure. <-- oncotic pressure draws fluid into the space, so tissue oncotic pressure would draw fluid into the tissue and thus out of the vasculature
b increased plasma oncotic pressue.
c increased tissue hydrostatic pressure.
d decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure.
decreased venous pessure.
4 Sodium permeability of an axon membrane is maximal during the
a negative after potential
b positive after potential
c ascending limb of action potential <-- I believe this is correct since this is where it passes threshold
d descending limb of action potential
5 The basic principles for sequencing DNA by Sanger procedure derive from which of the following
a translation
b transcription
c replication <-- from what I recall this technique uses replication to sequence DNA. They put in a bunch of bases and then a few of each base which can't be added on to. And because you can't add on to those bases, replication will stop at certain points and you'll get a bunch of different sized fragments. The bases that can't be added on to are labeled. Then you filter them out by size. Basically the smallest one comes out first which is going to be the one with only one base. Then the one with two bases comes out next. And so on. Since these 'dead bases' are labeled, you can sequence the DNA. The radioactive base in the 1 base fragment is the first base. The radioactive base in the 2 base fragment is the second base, etc.
d reverse transcripition
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1. in sagital plane diagram ,initial occlusal contact in retruded contacting position occurs
a]at more lateral position than intercusspal position
b]at same verticle position as i.c.p.
c]at more superior position than i.c.p
d]at more inferior position than i.c.p
2when a brief period of hysterical hyperventillation causes respiratory alkalosis ,tetany might be caused by sudden decrease in the following kind of calcium
a]total serum
b]ionized serum
c]citrate bound
d]serum protien bound
3enamel rods converge as they pass from dentinoenamel junction towards the surface in the area of
a]cervical line of perm teeth
b]cervical line of primary teeth
c] fissure
4.which of the following are located extracellularly
a]lysosomes
b]microtubules
c]tonofibrils
d]glycocalyx
5.secondary centtre of ossification is found in which of the following arrea
a]diaphysis
b]epiphysis
c]metaphysis
d]epiphysial plate
e]inner aspects of bone trabeculae within diaphysis
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IN the Rt laterotusive , F cusp of the max rt 1st M passes through which of the following groove of mand rt 1st molar .
1 Lingual
2 central
3 MF
4 DF
what i think is MF. what do u think am i right
Q the height of the lingual cusps of th mand 1st molar accomodate which of the following ---
1 centric relation
2 working movement
3 protusive position
4 non working movement
5 maximum intercuspation
with explanation please ---
thankyou
Working Movement, coz' they are guiding cusps and do not play a role in the other options.
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which of the following statements BEST describe GTP-binding
proteins(G-Proteins)?
a.are important components of steroid harmone signal transduction
b.catalize the reaction which produces diacylglycerol
c.are tightly bound to adenylate cyclase
d.usually inactive protein kinase C
e.are membrane proteins
Total urinary nitrogen excretion in LEAST when an individual is?
a.starving
b.on a well balanced diet
c.on a diet containing adequate fat and carbohydrate but no protein
d.on a diet containing adequate pretein but no fat or carbohydrate
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C
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each of following about lymphocyte activation correct except:
IL5 is a B cell growth and differentiation factor
IL2 stimulate proliferation of T and B cells
B cells recognize Ag on surface of Ag presenting cells in context of HLA-D
T cells recognize Ag on surface of Ag presenting cells in context of HLA-B
ans : B cell recognize Ag on surface of ag presenting cells in context of HLA-D
A critical difference between B cells and T cells is how each lymphocyte "sees" its antigen. B cells recognize their cognate antigen in its native form. They recognize free (soluble) antigen in the blood or lymph using their BCR or membrane bound-immunoglobulin. In contrast, T cells recognize their cognate antigen in a processed form, as a peptide fragment presented by an antigen presenting cell's MHC molecule to the T cell receptor.
types of inflammatory exudates exept:
fibrous
fibrinous
pseudomembranous
wich is a nucleotide:
urate
uracil
adenosine
thymidylate
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1. Each of the following factors affects heights of cusps and depths of fossae on restorations except:
a. curve of spee
b. intercondylar distance
c. vertical overlap of anterior teeth
d. horizontal overlap of anterior teeth
e. steepness of the articular eminence
2. In primary first molars, which portion of the crown is shorter occlusongigivally?
a. mesial
b. distal
c. midfacial
d. midlingual
3. How many triangular ridges, transverse ridges, and marginal ridges are in mandibular first molars?
Ans. 5, 1,2
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1]aspirated food into lungs all of the following can happen except which one?pneumonia,pneumothorax,lung abcess,etci think pneumothorax
2]jaw reflex-nerves located in semilunar______trigeminal ganglion
3]IgG is activated where?myoepith,striated,etc
4]what is not involved in translation?
5what is not involved in collagen synthesis?mitochondrion,snrp,etc
6]the structure and nomenclature of the nucleotide bases eg the nomenclature of atp when it is broken down.is it adenine ,adenosine,etc
7]how to make a cDNA library?
8]listeria causes dysentery,cholera ,fecal death,gastroenteritis
9]high intensity disinfectant??kill hepB,TB,ALLSPORES?
10]WHAT DOES NOT PREDISPOSE TO CERVICAL CANCER?MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS,UNCIRCUMSCRIBED,EARLY MENARCHE,PAPILLOMAVIRUS?
11]WHICH TWO CUSPS OF MAND PRI 1 MOLAR MAKE UP TRANSVERSE RIDGE?
12]CLASS II RELATIONSHIP?INCREASED/DEC CONDYLAR DISTANCE,INC/DEC BENNET ANGLE?
12]CULYURE WITH Y OR H SHAPED FILAMENT ORGANISMS WOULD BE?
13]WHATS POSTERIOR TO AZYGOUS VEIN?
14]PATIENT COMESCOMES WITH FRACTURED FEMUR DIES WITH IN COUPLE OF HOURSDUE TO WHICH EMBOLI?
15]PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA HAS SUDDEN BLEEDING FROM GUMS REASON WOULD BE?
16]IF MANDIBULAR CANINE ON RIGHT SIDE IS LOST,HOW DOES IT AFFECT PTOTUSIVE CONTACTS ON THE LEFT CANINE?
4]what is not involved in translation?
Ans:No error checking is involved.
5what is not involved in collagen synthesis?mitochondrion,snrp,etc
Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum,Golgibodies are for sure involved.
6]the structure and nomenclature of the nucleotide bases eg the nomenclature of atp when it is broken down.is it adenine ,adenosine,etc
Ans: Adenine
8]listeria causes dysentery,cholera ,fecal death,gastroenteritis
Ans: it causes food borne diseases..I will go with gastroenteritis.
9]high intensity disinfectant??kill hepB,TB,ALLSPORES?
Ans: Should kill TB
10]WHAT DOES NOT PREDISPOSE TO CERVICAL CANCER?MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS,UNCIRCUMSCRIBED,EARLY MENARCHE,PAPILLOMAVIRUS?
Ans:UNCIRCUMSCRIBED
11]WHICH TWO CUSPS OF MAND PRI 1 MOLAR MAKE UP TRANSVERSE RIDGE?
Ans: Buccal & lingual
12]CLASS II RELATIONSHIP?INCREASED/DEC CONDYLAR DISTANCE,INC/DEC BENNET ANGLE?
Ans: Decreased condylar distance
12]CULYURE WITH Y OR H SHAPED FILAMENT ORGANISMS WOULD BE?
Ans: Only one I can think of is Candida cause of hyphae(I may be wrong)
13]WHATS POSTERIOR TO AZYGOUS VEIN?
Ans: Vagus NV.......(I found out it lies to the left side so post to azygos lies: lower 8 thoracic vertebrae, Rt post. intercostal arteries.)
14]PATIENT COMESCOMES WITH FRACTURED FEMUR DIES WITH IN COUPLE OF HOURSDUE TO WHICH EMBOLI?
Ans: AIR emboli.this is wrong..........Fat emboli
15]PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA HAS SUDDEN BLEEDING FROM GUMS REASON WOULD BE?
Ans: In leukemia Gum hypertrophy occurs because of leukemic infiltration.
hey guys do u have answer for these Q
initially, the developing heart is
a. induced by the notochord
b. positioned posterior to the notochord
c. positioned anterior to the prochordal plate
d. between the prochordal plate and the notochord.
2.rodent ulcers commenly seen
above alatragus line
below alatragus line
hair less skin
all of the above
Crevicular fluid contains each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION ?
a. lgA
b. lgG
c. lgE
d. Lymphocytes
e. Polymorphonuclear cells
Crevicular fluid contains IgA, IgG, IgM, albumin, neutrophils, macrophages, B and T lymphocytes
patient who has minimal resistance to a gonococcal infection MOST probably has
a. leukocytosis
b. agammaglobullnemia
c. an eosinophil deficiency
d. deficiency in cell-mediated immunity
e. deficiency in complement factors C6, C7 and C8
Individuals with C5, C6,C7, C8, or C9 deficiency are particularly susceptible to meningococcaland gonococcal infections.
Touch receptors are MOST numerous per unit area in the mucosa of which of the following?
a) Uvula
b) Hard Palate
c) Attached gingiva
d) Tip of the tongue
e) Buccal/labial vestibule
Meissner's corpuscle They are distributed throughout the skin, but concentrated in areas especially sensitive to light touch, such as the fingertips, palms, soles, lips, tongue, face and the skin of the male and female genitals. They are primarily located just beneath the epidermis within the dermal papillae.
ques) Which of the following pairs of amino acids is expected to be found on the interior of a globular protein?
A-Lysine and arginine
B-Arginine and leucine
C-Leucine and valine
D-Valine and glutamic acid
D-Glutamic acid and lysine
it syas interior of globular protien,in interior there are always hydrobhobic n non polar amina acids present,so im confuse among B n C,can sombody solve the problem,
thankyou
if there is ratio of bicarbonate-carbonic acid is 20:1,after sometime it will be 10:1,what do u say it is
1-compensate alkalosis
2-compensate acidosis
3-uncompensate alkalosis
4-uncompensate acidosis
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what is net charge glutamic acid in PH 1
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
hydroxyl gp that participate in enzyme reaction
serine
alanine
glycine
proline
arginine
please explain why u choose ur answers
thanks a lot
Ques 2 . what is net charge glutamic acid in PH 1
Ans. 0 (zero)
Because at pH 7 side chain of amino acids carry a charge which is negative incase of glutamic acid as well as aspartic acid. As the pH decreases, both these acids begin to lose their negative charges and at pH less than 4, they are mainly neutral. So. i think there will be no net charge.
Ques 3. Hydroxyl gp that participate in enzyme reaction
Ans. Serine
It belongs to polar group of amino acids. Polar groups interact with aqueous environment to form H-bonds. Moreover, Its a precursor for certain amino acids (which arginine is not though it is polar). So i think precursor and being polar helps the enzyme reaction.
2008
1. methyl xanthines such as caffine n theophyliine enhance lipolysis in adipose tissue by
a] inducing adenylate cyclase synthesis
b]inducing triglyceride lipase synthesis
c]inhibiting cyclic amp phosphodiestrase activity
d]directly activating intracellular protien kinase
e]enhancing binding of epinephrine to an extra cellular membrane receptor
which of the following can increase the rate of net flux or diffusion of oxygen through the alveolar membrane?
a]decreasing the temperature
b]inc the cross sectional area
c]decreasing the conc. gradient
d]inc path lenght of difusion
1)The disto lingual cusp of right mandibular first molar is fractured by excessive contact with opposing maxillary molar during right lateral excursion. Which of the following is the most likely location of the interference?
a lingual surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
b facial surface of maxillary lingual cusp.
c facial surface of maxillary facial cusp.
d lingual surface of maxillary facial cusp.
2) When viewed from mesial, where is the furcation between lingual root and mesiobuccal root located?
a toward facial
b centered faciolingually (not sure)
c toward lingual
3)On the crown of mandibular first molar, the facial cusp ridge of ML cusp originates at the cusp tip and terminates at which of the following?
a lingual groove.
b halfway down the facial surface.
c halfway down the lingual surface.
d mesial portion of central groove.
e mesiolinguo-occlusl point angle area
3)The occlusal table of mandibular first molar normally exhibits which of the following ridges?
a 2 oblique.
b 4 marginal
c 3 transverse
d 4 triangular
e 5 triangular
4)In a normal occlusion, a mediotrusive interference can occur between which of the following cusps?
a maxillary and mandibular supporting.
b maxillary and mandibular guiding.
c maxillary guiding and mandibular supporting.
d maxillary supporting and mandibular guiding
5) When examining normal mandibular arch fom sagittal view, what inclination of teeth can be observed?
a anterior teeth are distally inclined and psterior teeth mesially inclined.
b both anterior and posterior teeth are distally inclined.
c both anterior and posterior teeth are mesially inclined.
d anterior teeth are mesially inclined and posterior teeth are distally inclined.
e anterior and posterior teeth are straight.
6) A bone lesion with radiopaque structures radiating from periphery suggest?
a multiple myeloma.
osteosarcoma
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08
1. in sagital plane diagram ,initial occlusal contact in retruded contacting position occurs
a]at more lateral position than intercusspal position
b]at same verticle position as i.c.p.
c]at more superior position than i.c.p
d]at more inferior position than i.c.p
2when a brief period of hysterical hyperventillation causes respiratory alkalosis ,tetany might be caused by sudden decrease in the following kind of calcium
a]total serum
b]ionized serum
c]citrate bound
d]serum protien bound
Q no. 1 is d -more inferior position than icp
Both retruded contact position & Centric relation are the same [acc. to Wheeler's]
Also ans for Q. 2,shouldn't it be a.- total serum ??
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08
Indicative of myocardial infarction if found at increased serum levels:
A. Myosin
B. Troponin
C. Tropomyosin
D. Myosin kinase
E. Myosin phosphatase
B)ans) It is important to note that cardiac troponins are a marker of all heart muscle damage, not just myocardial infarction,Other conditions that directly or indirectly lead to heart muscle damage can also therefore increase troponin levels.
Which of the following glands are constituents of blood supply LEAST readily available to parenchyma?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Lymph node
D. Peyer's patch
E. Pharyngeal tonsil..
in the adult thymus the blood supply is isolated from the parenchyma but in the child thymus the blood is NOT as isolated from the parenchyma.
Constituent of epithelial cells or tissues that gives a positive PAS reaction:
A. Cilia
B. Nuclei
C. Nucleoli
D. Brush Borders
please what does PAS reaction mean?????
and hope that you explain when you answer.
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08
1. Healthy female,second encounter with antigen with antibody response.Secondary response will differ from the first encounter by:
A. Significant degree of cross reactivity with her own tissue.
B. Apprearing much lower since B and T cells have been exhausted.
C. Production of antibodies predominantly of IgM class.
D. Synthesis of antibodies in much higher titer that exhibit a better fit for antigen.
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08
1. Which of the following muscle positions the condyle in the most superior anterior position?
a.masseters and digastrics.
2.masseter and medial pterygoids\
3.temporalis and sternocleidomastoids.
4 temporalis and superior lateral pterygyoids.
5.medial ptreygyoid and sternocleidomastoid.
2.
in class 3 mal;ooclusion the mesiofacial cusp of mandibular first molar occlueds in the:
1.mesial fossa of the first premolar.
2.central fossa of upper 6
3.mesial fossa of upper 5
4.embrasure between upper 5 and 6.
5.embrasure btw upper 6 and 7.
3.when viewdfrom the facial aspect ,the crown of the mandibular first premolar has an occlusal outline that exhibits whichof the following characteristics?
1.cusp tip which is offset to the distal
2.cusp tip which is centered mesiodistally.
3distoooclusal slope longer than mesio-occlusal slope.
4.mesioooclusal slope longer thn do slope.
4.Which of the following anatomic features will restrict the amount of lateral shift that can occur on a working side condyle?
1.medial wall of the articular fossa on working side.
2.superior wall of the articular fossa on the non working side.
3.capsular ligament.
4.stylohyoid ligament
5.stylomandibular ligament.
5 In a left lateral movement which cusp of the lower 6 has potential to contact the mesiolingual cusp of maxillary right first molar?
1.distal
2.distofacial
3.mesiolingua
4.distolingual
08
-Total uniary nitrogen excretion in LEAST when and individaul is?
a-starving
b-on a well balanced diet
c-on a diet containing adequate fat and carbohydrate but no protein^^^
d- on a diet contains adequate protein bu no fat of carbohydrate
3- Which disinefective is effective against herpes simplex viru but not rhinovarius?
a-Sodium Hypochlorite
b-Phenolics
c-gLuteraldehydes
d-70% Isopropyl Alcohol^^^
4- Initially the developing heart is?
a-Induced by notochord
b-Position posterior to notochord
c-Position anterior to the procordal plate^^^
d-Between the procordal plate and protochard
5-When viewed occlusualy, the axis of which of the following groups of teeth tend to be aligned nearest to a straight line?
a- Right and left maxillary central and lateral incisors
b- Right and left mandibular central and lateral incisors
c- Maxillary and left mandibular central and lateral incisors
d- All maxillary first premolars and first molars^^^
e- all mandibular anterior teeth
6-A urine sample with a pH of 5.7 will have a H+ ion conc of -?
Ph=
7-How does one calculate the fluoride content in PPM in a tooth paste?
8- HOw uncouplers affect P/O ratio? Increase or decrease?
P:O = [ATP formed] : [oxygen consumed]
In oxidative phosphorylation, Uncouplers - energy lost as heat without
Atp synthesis, hence decrease in p
ratio9- Colonies with H or Y shaped filamentous m-oranisms? can be fungi
10- Which of the following describes and example of innate immunity?
a-An allergic reaction to insect venom
b-The classical pathway of complement^^^
c-The destruction of virus infected cells fo T-Killer cells
d- The production IgG in response to insect venom
e-The alternative pathway of complement
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1The sliding movement in the TMJ occurs between which of the following
a. disks and articular eminence.^^^
b. mandibular heads and articular eminences.
2Enamel rods converge as they pass from the dentinoenamel junction toward the surface in the area of the
a. cervical line of permanent teeth.
b. cervical line of primary teeth.
c. fissures.^^^
4. In maximum opening the condyles are positioned
a. in the anterior glenoid fossa^^^
b. in the posterior glenoid fossa
c. either inferior to the articular tubercle or anterior to it
6 Which of the following explains why the digestive action of salivary amylase continues for some time after swallowing?
a. Gastric HCI increases the digestive action of amylase
b. Gastric mucin lubricates the bolus and assists amylase activity
c. The amylase inside the bolus is protected from the inactivating action of gastric HCI.^^^
d. Water absorption by the stomach concentrates amylase and make its action more effective
whaich has lower P02
-venous blood or expired air ------ dont no
in essential hypertension , which of the following represents the classic autopsy finding in the kidney?
a.pyelonephritis
b.glemerulonephritis
c.begin nephrosclerosis^^^
d.renal artery stenosis
e.renal infarction
68] The mandiublar condyle is covered with ....
a. Elastic tissue
b. Hyanline
c. Periostium
d. Collagenous tissue^^^
12. The inability to move the diaphragm because of a complete spinal section at
-C2^^^
-C6
-C7
-C8
30) Which of the following is a nucleotide?
A. Urate
B. Uracil
C. Ribose
D. Adenosine
E. Thymidylate^^^
The cell membrane is LEAST permeable to which of the following substances?
A. O2
B. CO2
C. H2O
D. Sodium^^^
E. Ethanol
24) Each of the following is a type of inflammatory exudates EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Serous
B. Fibrous^^^ not sure
C. Purulent
D. Fibrinous
E. Pseudomembranous
Types of exudates
1. Serous - thin fluid, relatively low in protein.
2. Fibrinous - rich in fibrin or fibrinoid.
3. Suppurative (pus) - neutrophils and debris.
4. Hemorrhagic - occurs when vessels rupture.
19) Which of the folliwng represents a risk factor for the development of endometrial carcinoma?
A. HPV infection
B. Endometriosis
C. Multiple leiomyomas
D. Multiple pregnancies
E. Hyperestrogenism^^^
15) Which of the following anatomic factors will restrict the amount of lateral shift that can occur on a working condyle?
A. Medial wall of the articular fossa on the working side
B. Superior wall of the articular fossa on the non-working side
C. Capsular ligaments^^^
D. Stylohyoid ligament
E. Stylomandibular ligament
Originally Posted by anudoc
1 which of the following can be increased by polypeptide harmones except one. Which one is the exception?
a inositol triphosphate concentration.
b intracellular calcium concentration.
c intracellular potassium concentration
d adenylate cyclase activity
e protein kinase c activity
2 which of the following is a nucleotide.
a urate
b uracil
c guanine
d adenosine
thymidylate
3 A single impulse travels down an alpha motor axon. This results in which of the following?
a the activation of a single motor unit.
b the contraction of one muscle fibre
c a subthreshold generator potential
d a muscle action potential without contraction
e brief repetitive firing of muscle fibres.
4 shape of pulp canal of mandibular canine at mid root section?
Ans: oval, mesiodistally compressed
5 which of the following restorations is the least likely to interfere with a patients physiologic maximum intercuspal position contacts?
a distolingual class lll on maxillary right canine.
b MO on a mandibular right first molar
c MOD on a maxillary right second premolar.
d MO on a maxillary left first molar.
6 The articulating surfaces and non articulating surfaces of tmj are covered by? articulating surface by fibrocartilage, what about non articulating surface????
Non-articular surfaces - synovial membrane
7 From occlusal aspect which mandibular pre molar has the most pentagonal shape of its crown outline?
a first
b Y type second
c U type second
d H type second
e X type second
8 which of the following crown surfaces of teeth has a contact area that is theoritically located at the most cervical level?
a mesial of tooth # 6
b distal of tooth #12
c mesial of tooth #3
d distal of tooth #11
e mesial of tooth#7
9 Working side condye performs which movements?
mainly rotation
Which structure is closest to occlusal plane?
a. mandibular foramen
b. external oblique ridge
c. mental foramen
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prostaglandin in seminal fluid thought to
cause ovulation
stimulate muscular contraction in uterus
stimulate vestibular glands to produce mucus
Ans: It is a tricky Q. Seminal fluid contains Fructose & prostaglandin
Fructose : provides oxidative energy for sperm
Prostaglandin: Induction of contractions in uterus to help prople the sperm forward.
prevotella intermedia found in oral cavity
immediately after a PDL disease( not sure)
or long after o PDL disease
max central incisor cross sectioned at cervical line will have
triangular
oval form
please explain the effect of tetracyclin if taken by mother in second trimester ..
Ans: Second trimester is from week 13 to almost week 25 of intrauterine life(i.e 4-6 mnths of pregnancy) we have to think abt the teeth which ones are forming around that area. Almost all primary teeth will be stained.
in cyanide poisining
what type of transport will be present:
simple diffusion ( not sure)
facilitated
active
cyanide poisoning poisons oxidative phosphorylation...so hampers active transport..
For prevotella intermedia qeustion none of choice is correct as It is cause of PDL disease and it should be present at the time of Disease or before PDL disease...
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