I have the peds shelf exam coming up in a few days and have some questions from NBME form 2 I hope you guys can help me with
1. 11-year old girl brought in for well-child. Mom worried about daughter's early puberty. Says daughter began breast development at 9, and first pubic hair at 9.5 years, and menarche 2 days ago. She is Tanner stage 4. Exam shows no abnormalities. Most likely diagnosis?
a) Adrenocortical tumor
b) Idiopathic precocious puberty (chose this, was wrong)
c) Pituitary tumor
d) True precocious puberty
e) Normal development.
I think it's E but I'm not sure. Can someone explain this one to me?
yup, normal development. Puberty onset <8 in girls is abnormal. Started with thelarche --> adrenarche--> menarche is normal too.
2. 3 yo boy brought to ED b/c of 4-days of lethargy, severe vomiting, diarrhea. Unable to keep fluids down, no urine for past day. Has lost 2 lbs in 2 weeks. Temp is 101.8, pulse 135, RR 30, BP 85/60. Exam shows sunken eyes, tacky oral mucosa, dry lips. No rash. Lungs clear. 1/6 midsystolic ejection murmur is heard. Abdominal exam normal except for hyperactive bowel sounds. Labs show Na+ (145), Cl- (105), K+ (4.5), HCO3- (12), urea nitrogen (40), creatinine (1.3). Urine specific gravity (1.035), glucose negative, protein 1+, bacteria negative. What is the most likely cause of patient's renal failure?
a) bacterial toxin (chose this, was wrong)
b) immune complex nephropathy
c) impaired renal perfusion
d) obstructive uropathy
e) renal vein thrombosis
I think this is hemolytic-uremic syndrome but I'm not sure. That's why I chose A. Is the answer impaired renal function? Please explain this to me!
Impaired renal perfusion-- this pt is super dehydrated (clinical s/sx: sunken eyes, tacky mucosa, dry lips) due to vomitng + diarrhea. Spec grav confirms it (at my hospital we consider >1.025 dehydrated, not sure of actual cut offs).
Thanks