The responsibility is, of course, the student's. There is no debate about that. That's the reason why the student has to go on and prove themselves in a PB. But the question here is, should admissions be penalizing applicants for their thirst and hunger for knowledge and their decision challenge themselves, again keeping other aspects of the application constant? You may well say "Yes"; I say "No." I mentioned before that it comes down to schools being risk-averse, since it's a tough task to properly account for the variability among undergrads; it's a task that would require much more resources than the budgets can accommodate. I understand how this is a rational choice, but its rationality does not absolve it from being unjust to intellectuals who had to shed blood in order to achieve those seemingly mediocre GPAs. So yes, you could pick a suitably challenging yet not impossible undergrad as opposed to the hardest school you got into. But as someone mentioned here earlier, the majority of bright high school graduates do not set out to college knowing for certain that they will become physicians, and further they are eager to become leaders and make the most of the intellectual bastion that is college. It is known that interaction with bright peers maximizes intellectual yield, so why wouldn't they pick the college with the highest rank/talented students? College, they're taught, is a time of exploration, and I personally agree with the inculcation of such notion. College is a time to broaden horizons, reach out of the comfort zone, combat and put to the test deeply-held assumptions, deepen cognitive perspectives, and I won't continue with all the platitudes you'd find on collegiate brochures. And even if these students did know they wanted to be physicians and felt no need to explore and took a targeted premed approach to college, ought we to reward them for prioritizing expediency in favor of intellectual zeal and quest for challenge? I can count many fellow classmates who knew how to "pick their battles" with respect to courseload, so to speak. But I feel confident that I took more away from college than they did taking Gospel Choir courses, despite the GPAs telling different stories. So is medicine merely a vocational pursuit much like becoming a plumber, or is it something more? Isn't it ridiculous to reprimand a student for picking the wrong undergrad because it proved to be too hard? Better yet, is it not ridiculous to expect students to know exactly how well they can compete with an intellectually equal group? Is it all about adhering to a formula? Medicine, and I'm biased to say this, is perhaps the most complex of professions, and being to admitted to medical school should amount to more than "gaming the system", to borrow a phrase. Rising up to the challenge is synonymous with medicine, and I'm afraid that those "unimpressive" 3.3s of people who seriously pushed themselves to the limit are a bigger telling of a great doctor than the 3.7s of those who chose the easier but "smarter" way.