BLUF: Some misconceptions in the above. I'm a current student, so I'm giving my experience here at the school. Below the dashes are details of the physical component.
I'm assuming you mean USUHS. I'm an MS2 here. To address some of the above:
At USUHS you are a med student first and foremost. Yes, we are all officers, but our primary duty is to be a medical student. The school generally tries to keep any military type stuff minimal during academic blocks. There are certain military unique curriculum exercises and things we have to do, but the big ones are all between blocks so we're not overwhelmed by that stuff while trying to learn medicine. The only exception to that is the last block of preclerkship, where for some reason we have like 5 military medicine/officer type sessions.
As for age, most people are in their mid 20s. The majority of the class (60%) has no prior military experience whatsoever, and of the remaining 40%, only half of us have any operational experience (the rest are academy or ROTC folks, which--no offense to them--doesn't really count).
If you really want to be a military physician and want to get education on leadership and officership during your medical education, USUHS is a great school. IMO, the "officer first, physician second" idea is not really true. You're both. The military is training you to be a physician. That's your purpose in the military. Being a good officer is important, but if you're a ****ty doctor and a good officer, you're not really helping anyone. This might be an opinion I have because I was enlisted for 7 years prior to coming to USUHS, so I have some real world experience.
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Okay, for the physical requirements. You are required to pass a physical fitness assessment every year. How often will depend on the branch and on how well you do. I can speak generally for the other branches, but since I'm Navy, I know the most about that.
In the Navy, the PFA is a body composition assessment (BCA) (height/weight) and a physical readiness test. If you fail the BCA, you fail. If you pass the BCA, you move on and do the readiness test (usually a few days or so later). It is core, upper body, and cardio. The test recently changed, so this is what it looks like now.
The first event is pushups. How many you have to do to pass or max out depends on your age and gender, but generally a 24 year old will have to do 47 pushups to get a Good-Low for males and 21 for females for the same score.
The second event is forearm planks. The scoring is based on age. It is the same for both males and females. The minimum for a 24 year old to get a Good-Low is 2:05. The maximum is 3:35.
The final event is cardio. The typical way to do this is a 1.5 mile run. For 24 year old males, 12:00 is Good-Low; for 24 yo females, it is 14:15. You can also swim, bike, or do a 2K row (that's new).
In the Navy, if you overall get an excellent-low as your average, you only have to take the PRT once a year.
The Army uses the ACFT, which is this crazy test where you throw a ball, do some deadlifts, drag a dummy, sprint, and some other crap. The Air Force is still pushups, situps, run I think.
Other than the PFA, you are not required to do any sort of physical training. It is highly recommended, because PFA failures look really bad and will affect promotion and retention eventually. But it is not required. Some people PT together, most on their own. In COVID world, we are not allowed to do group PT on the base anymore. But there is a track and two gyms you can use on your own.
