Vaccine against cancer: a progressive solution.

[Jorge Genis]

The proposal of vaccines against cancer is presented in three stages, the first stage covers the research published by Moshe Reuven et al in the American Chemical Society in which a immunotherapy prevention is created, that, by using antigens and glyconanoparticles created by a biomimetic process, produce more immune cells and get them to easily identify the canker cells in the body and then destroy them. (Moshe et al, 2019).
The second stage applies to those who are suffering from cancer but at an early stage where the metastasis has not occurred. In addition to the first stage, small doses of epinephrine, a substance found in cocaine, which stimulates activity and numbers are added NK cells (natural killers), which are the best defense of the body against cancer cells since they are capable of differentiating healthy and abnormal cells by absence of some essential proteins of healthy cells (Cancer Quest, 2019).
The third stage comes into play when metastasis has occurred, which means that the cancer is no longer in one place, but has entered into different organs and systems. This stage includes what was mentioned in the previous stages, but Amphotericin B is added, which is a compound that increases the cytotoxicity of NK cells against cancer cells as mentioned by Kim Nayoung et al in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences . (Kim et al, 2017).

From the perspective of the area of your specialty (please specify), do you consider the proposed solution viable? What are the pros and cons of the application of the stages described? Thank you very much for your help.

References
Cancer Quest. (2019). El Sistema Inmunológico. 24/09/2019, de EMORY Winship Cancer Institute Sitio web: El Sistema Inmunológico | CancerQuest

Kim, Nayoung; Choi, Ji-Wan; Park, Hye-Ran; Kim, Inki; Kim, Hun Sik. (2017). Amphotericin B, an Anti-Fungal Medication, Directly Increases the Cytotoxicity of NK Cells. 26/10/2019, de International Journal of Molecular Sciences Sitio web: Amphotericin B, an Anti-Fungal Medication, Directly Increases the Cytotoxicity of NK Cells

Moshe, Eliran; Leviatan, Shani; Yu, Hai; Duchi, Roberto; Perota, Andrea; Conchon, Sophie; Bachar, Shirley; Soulillou, Jean-Paul; Galli, Cesare; Chen, Xi; Padler-Karavani, Vered. (2019). Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. 04/10/2019, de ACS NANO Sitio web: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.8b07241

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[Nilu123]

The proposal of vaccines against cancer is presented in three stages, the first stage covers the research published by Moshe Reuven et al in the American Chemical Society in which a immunotherapy prevention is created, that, by using antigens and glyconanoparticles created by a biomimetic process, produce more immune cells and get them to easily identify the canker cells in the body and then destroy them. (Moshe et al, 2019).
The second stage applies to those who are suffering from cancer but at an early stage where the metastasis has not occurred. In addition to the first stage, small doses of epinephrine, a substance found in cocaine, which stimulates activity and numbers are added NK cells (natural killers), which are the best defense of the body against cancer cells since they are capable of differentiating healthy and abnormal cells by absence of some essential proteins of healthy cells (Cancer Quest, 2019).
The third stage comes into play when metastasis has occurred, which means that the cancer is no longer in one place, but has entered into different organs and systems. This stage includes what was mentioned in the previous stages, but Amphotericin B is added, which is a compound that increases the cytotoxicity of NK cells against cancer cells as mentioned by Kim Nayoung et al in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences . (Kim et al, 2017).

From the perspective of the area of your specialty (please specify), do you consider the proposed solution viable? What are the pros and cons of the application of the stages described? Thank you very much for your help.

References
Cancer Quest. (2019). El Sistema Inmunológico. 24/09/2019, de EMORY Winship Cancer Institute Sitio web: El Sistema Inmunológico | CancerQuest

Kim, Nayoung; Choi, Ji-Wan; Park, Hye-Ran; Kim, Inki; Kim, Hun Sik. (2017). Amphotericin B, an Anti-Fungal Medication, Directly Increases the Cytotoxicity of NK Cells. 26/10/2019, de International Journal of Molecular Sciences Sitio web: Amphotericin B, an Anti-Fungal Medication, Directly Increases the Cytotoxicity of NK Cells

Moshe, Eliran; Leviatan, Shani; Yu, Hai; Duchi, Roberto; Perota, Andrea; Conchon, Sophie; Bachar, Shirley; Soulillou, Jean-Paul; Galli, Cesare; Chen, Xi; Padler-Karavani, Vered. (2019). Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. 04/10/2019, de ACS NANO Sitio web: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.8b07241

stimulating the innate immune system seems unlikely to work very well to me, but I dint really know. The central problem is that cancers evade the adaptive immune system. The best approach is to figureout how to reverse each cancer’s immunosuppressive mechanisms. For example, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is normally not responsive to PD-1 antagonism, a kind of immunotherapy. However, multiple groups have found in model systems that AMD3100 makes PDAC completely treatable with PD-1 antagonism by blocking CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling. Please translate that mechanistic insight into a clinical trial and save some lives, or figure out the mechanisms other cancers that are not yet treatable by immunotherapy use to evade the immune system.

sources:

Targeting CXCL12 from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergizes with anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Cancer immune evasion is well described. In some cases, this may be overcome by enhancing T-cell responses. We show that despite the presence of antitumor T cells, immunotherapeutic antibodies are ineffective in a murine pancreatic cancer model recapitulating ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mobilization of CD8+ T Cells via CXCR4 Blockade Facilitates PD-1 Checkpoint Therapy in Human Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is rarely cured, and single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition has not demonstrated clinical benefit despite the presence of large numbers of CD8+ T cells. We hypothesized that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells harbor latent antitumor activity that...

clincancerres.aacrjournals.org