That's also in the Code of Hammurabi, though not in so many words (simply boiled down to an eye for an eye). That is, what you do unto others shall be done unto you. It's also in several other religious texts in different wordings: by no means unique to the bible. But that's not really surprising because many religions borrow from one another. Hell, even one of the biggest Christian holidays, Christmas, is borrowed from a pagan ritual.
Again, the bible is not the only source of this. Seems that people haven't been wanting their stuff stolen for a very long time. Also I wouldn't worry about the ten commandments too much because it's missing a lot of stuff, like 'thou shalt not rape' and 'thou shalt not have slaves' and other important issues.
Well, IIRC the hindu worship cows, and there's another religion that worships rats, so it'd seem they have one up on christianity by not just merely respecting animals, but worshiping them too. And Druidism takes it to a whole new level by worshiping nature as a whole. Not just animals, but plants as well.
It's not the basis of religion, it's the basis upon which religion was written. The ruling class needed their subjects to fall into line, and what's the greatest threat one can offer them? You said it yourself, the fear of a hell. So yah, being a 'good person' was a strong incentive to be included into religion.
And one can't expect their subjects to follow them if they don't adopt the same religion (can still be seen today by the grand majority of US citizens refusing to consider an atheist president), so the ruling class followed that religion as well, then their children followed it (as they were taught), and so on. And of course anyone wanting to usurp the ruling class had to either do so through sheer domination and purge all the heathens and heretics, or adopt the same religion of the populace, or the wildcard option: make up your own religion/beliefs and slowly win people over to your side.
And here's the problem with debating religion. Nothing is ever accomplished because the ultimate refuge is 'faith'.