I'm not reflexively opposed to increasing the size of the House of Representatives by a factor of 13, though I wonder how useful that would be when the body already gets so little done with 435 people split into two factions. As you wrote, it's been over 100 years since that number changed so sure, maybe we should revisit it.
You (and everyone who supported Clinton over Trump) seem very angry about the EC, and it really just has the smell of disappointment and sour grapes. You speak of the popular vote as if it's some kind of self-evident "right" way to elect a president, but it's not. Maybe instead of trying to change these rules Democratic candidates could try harder to get votes from people in red states.
The other half of Congress is made up of 2 Senators from each state, for exactly the same reason the EC exists - to prevent smaller, less populous states from being dominated by more populous states. Arguing that presidents should be elected by popular vote is like saying California should have more Senators than Wyoming. We already have a segment of government that is proportioned to population. The other segments don't have to be; indeed were designed NOT to be.
I don't see anything on the nationalpopularvote.com web site about abolishing the Senate. I wonder why that is.
For the record, I voted for the libertarian candidate (Gary Johnson) in 2016. My employer limits what I can say about currently elected officials, but you can dig up my posts from those days to read what I thought about everyone when they were candidates. My opinions haven't changed.
I do not favor changing either the Senate or the EC. Good luck with your nationalpopularvote thing. That's democracy in action and though I disagree with the aim, I can respect non-deplorable efforts like that.
I wouldn't necessarily conflate fairer representation, i.e. more reps per capita in Congress with the inability for Congress to get anything done. There are myriad other problems like gerrymandering, the filibuster, and the majority/minority leaders having way too much control as to which legislation is brought up for consideration.
Consider though, the way geographic population density is changing, by 2040 there will be 16 senators representing half of the entire population and 84 representing the other half. Is that what the founders had in mind when planning for a body of congress to be not entirely proportional?
The history of how we came to have this particular number of senators is fascinating, but it seems little of it stemmed from principles of democracy, fairness, or justness. . You say that electing the president by popular vote is like saying California should have more senators than Wyoming. I would pose a broader moral and political question to you, outside of constitutional originalism concerns, about whether this is actually undesirable. As I said earlier, the electoral college and non-proportional representation no longer serves the original intent of the founders, so what purpose does it serve today other than allowing a hyperpartisan smaller minority to obstruct the wishes of a majority of the American people? You imply that California shouldn't have more Senators than Wyoming because presumably that would be unfair, but where in the fairness scale does that fall in relation to 80,000 people in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania deciding who becomes president?
I'm not exactly a political philosopher so it may be a bit difficult for me to explain
why a popular vote is a priori the
right way, but there are many other writers out there more educated then myself who have offered persuasive arguments. What I can say is that intuitively it feels like we as human beings desire some form of fairness when it comes to democratically choosing who governs us, and something feels particularly unjust being governed by someone who lost by 3 million votes and who can barely hit a 40% (let alone break 50%) approval rating for the entirety of his tenure.
I've followed politics for the last 20 years in much the same way I followed sports (relatively avidly and for entertainment value), but I was severely mistaken for the first 18 years of my voting eligibility because I had the false impression that voting didnt matter since I lived in mostly deep red and an occasional deep blue state. This was erroneous because there were probably a hundred downticket races where my vote would have counted, and realizing this fact is part of the reason that 2018 was the first election in which I participated.
I wasn't particularly fond of hrc, but I was the "standard" amount of anti-trump because I felt he was an unqualified, uneducated, undignified, racist, xenophobic boor. However, my streak of non-voting continued because I trusted that the almost perfect correlation between popular vote and EC victory would hold. While I'm sure others who were big hrc supporters and who actually voted reek of "sour grapes," it would be strange for me to hold that kind of grudge since I didn't actually cast what must feel like an unjust, artificially partial vote.