Protection in 2023:
How can you protect your portfolio if for the sake of discussion we assume the upcoming year or two continue to be ugly? A common risk in all of these ideas is if you are wrong you will limit or completely miss out on gains.
1) Cash. In pure nominal dollars obviously the safest place to be. Biggest risk is inflation which will reduce the actual value of holding cash.
2) Gold. Personally I think it's about the surest future bet at this point. Other than meaningless dips, I just don't see how in our current debt and inflation environment that this can go down and stay down.
3) Go defensive. More boring steady stuff, PG PEP KR MRK etc, less flashy rockets like Nvidia.
4) Shorting. Traditional shorting of a garbage company in a downtown can be very lucrative. It is also incredibly risky if you are wrong in timing or fundamentals because the potential losses are unlimited as opposed to purchasing an asset where the loses are capped at 100%.
You can be completely correct in your financial analysis and literally get wiped out. Carvana presently sits below 5. Imagine all that money you'd make if you shorted it at 100? Well, are we talking April, 2022 on its way to below 5, or May, 2020 on its way to 370? If you took a large greedy position in May, 2020 margins calls would have eventually taken possibly almost your entire portfolio with no chance of riding it out, and this is despite the fact that you were 100% correct in concluding this stock was overpriced garbage. As Barb would say on Shark Tank, And for that reason I'm out.
5) Buying put options. Infinitely safer than shorting a stock because your losses are capped, but you are placing a bad bet that favors the casino as there is a hefty premium in time, strike, and price of options.
6) My preferred method of making money on the demise of the market/sector/stock is a short ETF. You purchase the ETF so losses are therefore capped and you avoid option premiums, although there typically are small fees involved.
7) Selling covered calls on the long positions. This can be a very nice dividend on your holdings that are treading water. Ideally search out larger premiums, shorter expiration dates, and strike prices far enough out that you can live with selling the stock at that price as that is the price your stock appreciation is capped at during the time period your the option is active.
I rarely short a stock and always a very small dollar figure with a hair trigger if I do. I'm only a little more receptive to buying puts, but for the most part I am currently active in methods 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7, but I do also still own very significant long positions in the market.
Please add other advantages/disadvantages I may have missed, as well as other methods of profiting or surviving a downtown.