I won't talk about neurosurgery because they have a 1 yr research requirement during residency, so sure they expect med students to have research.
For other competitive small specialities, the heavy emphasis on research seems comical. Most of these fields are small fields where either lot of the workforce is going to private practice or the ones that do stay in academics don't really get that much money to do big meaningful trials.
If we are talking about fields like cardiology or oncology the emphasis on research can make sense because they receive millions of dollars to put out big trials. But even then most cardiology or oncology programs are not that crazy about research that they expect residents to do an extra year of research to match into the fields.
The fact that small fields like ophthalmology, urology, plastics, ENT are expecting their students to do an extra research year is comical. Really the research year seems to be more of a way to build connections and improve your CV.
Also, a neurosurgery PD when I used to be interested in it, told me it's the number of research pubs that matter than what you learned from it. Which is even funnier. I mean doing a bunch of chart reviews or other mindless work and buffing up your CV is more helpful than actually working on a project from writing the IRB protocol to writing a manuscript. A full project takes anywhere from 6-8 months and the fact that the average pubs are like 15 in these fields means most people are not really working on a complete project from start to finish. But are rather tagging along with their PDs doing BS case reports, helping out with chart reviewing or even simply getting their names on the papers because their home programs want to match students to good places.