Ah...so if something is moving horizontally (left or right), we say that it's moving horizontal plate along the vertical axis ? That's very confusing
🙂
Here are my next questions
1) Sodium is least permeable to cell membrane compared to O2, CO2, H2O, and ethanol. Why is Sodium least permeable?
There are so many factors here...polarity,size, type of transportation, etc
Sodium being larger molecule cannot diffuse like O2/CO2 and hence...lower permeability and require an active transportation.
one of my notes says only small and non polar can penetrate membrane.
Sodium is just one Na+ ion whereas CO2, H2O,.... all are compounds so i think they must be bigger than sodium. And I don't know if Na+ is polar or nonpolar.
2) glycoprotein is made in golgi apparatus
isn't all protein made from rough ER?
This is what I got-Dont know how much of it is right though!
Glycoproteins are created in the nucleolus (in the Nucleus) the messenger RNA then exits the nuclear envelope via a nuclear pore, then it attaches to a ribosome on the R.E.R (rough endoplasmic reticulum). the protein is synthesised by the ribosome and is folded in the R.E.R. The R.E.R transports the protein throughout the cell to the Golgi body where the protein is further processed (sugars added) before budding off the Golgi body, it then infuses with the bi-layered plasma membrane by means of exocytosis where it is released into the extracellular environment.
3) Among Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of hanle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, which one uses the most ATP?
I think this is asking about active transport but I don't know where it happens.
Shoud be Proximal convoluted tubule.
4) gall bladder is unlike stomach, duodenu, jejunum, and colon in that it doesn't contain
a) submucosa
b) muscularis externa
wiki says b is the answer. Released test says A is the answer. Some say both are the answers
🙁 When nothing seems right-go with the gut!