For #2, there is a limit to the amount of direct unsubsidized loans you can take out, which is $20,500 per year up to the limit of 138.5k. However, after you hit the 20.5k limit, at that point you take out federal Grad Plus loans. Grad plus will cover anything over 20,500/yr up to the full cost of attendance your school publishes. Grad plus has slightly higher interest rates than the direct loans. There are other loan options as well such as the health professions student loan (that one is need based and involves parent income info), but most students are taking direct and gradplus loans to cover their costs. Private loans shouldn’t be needed unless you’re living way above the school’s estimated expenses, which are usually pretty generous. FAFSA should give you everything you need.
For #3, A couple days before or during your first week-ish of school, you’ll get the amount of loan money you accepted for the semester deposited into your bank account. You then pay rent and other expenses like normal with that money…you manage your money throughout the semester. Don’t spend it all at once, lol. If it turns out you accepted more than you needed, you are allowed to return some of the money before the end of the semester. Or some people just keep it for the future.
I’ll let actual midwestern people answer the other ones.