"The only thing I feel I'd be weary of is research, as that's one of the salaries that has been consistently low in my searches. But then again I'm taking what the internet says with a huge grain of salt, so if a research position pays well I'm not going to be one to turn it down. "
There's research and then there's research. Academic medical, NIH/NSF/DARPA/VA research funded investigators, high end Psychology departments tend to make a pretty good living. The longer you survive in that career, the more lucrative it can get. 200K is not uncommon, 300K+ is plausible but difficult. Plus, there's the lifestyle issues. E.g., Several of my former mentors are paid to go all over the world to give a talk and then they tour around the city with various interesting people. I know one gentleman who pulls 100K a year just doing that 1-2 times a month. But these are unusual paths and nothing to count on.
"Ideally I'd like to work in Los Angeles or Santa Barbara, both of which are COLAs (correct me if I'm wrong). "
California is saturated. The best way to get there in my opinion from psych is to go to a funded PhD program, publish well, network well and then get an internship or postdoc at a good place in those areas (e.g., UCLA, Palo Alto VA).
"My initial goal was the med school route (as is all naive bio majors'). I recently realized I just wasn't a good fit for it, so I got out before it was too late, hence why I'm now pursuing psych. I've wanted to pursue psych even when on the med school route, but I was hesitant. Now I'm free to do so. "
In many ways, medical school is the easier path. Bio/organic chem isn't that bad. If you sucked at it, fix it.
"Can I make six figures with a PhD? Also, there seems to be a consensus that working at a VA is very promising, salary-wise. Can I work at a VA with a PhD, or is it PsyD restricted? I'm fairly new to psych so some of your abbreviations go over my head; what is AMC?
What psych route would, in your opinion, provide the best/highest salary?"
100K isn't a lot of money in my opinion. Just out of fellowship, a neurohospitalist physician can make 300K+. As far as highest salary psych, I think it is not a uniform answer. The path I am most familiar with is being a great researcher in a hot, fundable area and diversifying income streams. For example, I know a gentleman who is a professor at Oxford U. That pays ok. But, he makes a good bit of money testifying in big legal cases. Forensics can be a lucrative area. Civil law or criminal (depending). Submitting patents. Starting small businesses. For example, one could consult with various companies based on your area of expertise. E.g., if you know a lot about statistics . . . the person who wrote the matching algorithm for e*harmony is a psychologist. They are now quite wealthy. Invest wisely. Learn how to save money. Buy stocks when the stock market crashes. Start an IRA. Read bogleheads
https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Getting_started There are many directions. Buy apartments/houses in university towns and rent them to students. Marry wisely. Stay away from people with a lot of debt, that spend irresponsibly, and have no ambition.
Basically, psych is fine. On average, it isn't the most lucrative career. If you are going to paint by numbers, going the physician route is way easier in terms of generating a good income without having to think outside of the box. Psychology classes are easier in undergrad. And, the underclass psyd route continues that lack of rigor. But. . . the physician route isn't that hard. You have to study harder in undergrad. Medical school is mostly memorization skills and long hours. A higher end PhD program in many fields is going to be substantially more challenging for the average soul. I wouldn't rule out medical school. I also wouldn't base my perception of the difficulty of a psychology career on undergraduate psychology courses.