Ski is right, I’ve posted about this before but Fernie is also correct that the issues haven’t really applied to Canadians and Mexicans because they are eligible for other visas. But to recap the other countries for those following along...
Disclaimer: I am not an international applicant, this is just what played out when I was a resident, when we were choosing candidates, and because my residentmate was from another country on an H1b.
Anyway.
Yes, a lot of it was due to “prevailing wage”requirements for other governments. Like Brazil (I chose a country at random, idk if this actually applies to Brazil) says “hey US people, this Brazilian citizen is a veterinarian and they went to school a reeeeeallly loooong time for that. You can’t take advantage of our citizens like that and under pay them...you have to pay them a fair wage for someone with that degree. Aka as much as you would any other normal vet.” An excuse of “but we always pay interns and residents these ****ty wages” doesn’t fly any more. When I was a resident I know there were residents making 10,000 more than me because they were international. (And as a resident, that’s like 33% more.) That isn’t fair to the US residents. And rather than raise everyone’s salaries to a “normal” level, they just decided not to take any nonCanada/Mexico applicants. (But we did get a few thousand dollar raise to even the playing field between the US citizens and the noncitizens. And the noncitizens making more didn’t get on call fees, travel money, money for books etc than we US citizens got. They did try to even it out as much as they could.)
There’s also added issues of timing for visas and the match. It’s apparently very very difficult to get a J1 or H1b visa completed between match day in February and the usual start date in June/July. After my residency school decided not to accept foreign applicants we tried to get a waiver for our pathology program because path isn’t through the match. We picked a candidate in very early November to start the following July. They still said no. When I was in vet school the pathologists accepted a guy from Japan...it took over a year and a half for his visa to be approved. Meanwhile they didn’t have a resident for over 6 months.
It definitely sucks and I think programs could miss out on very qualified applicants. Especially if covid is making it to where Canadians can’t come to the US either.