Yes. Right now, this is the typical schedule for how Duke students take boards:
Step 1: August of MS3 - December/January of MS3 (~6 weeks dedicated that you work out with your research mentor, who might have a preference as to when you take it, or they might not care).
Step 2: July (i.e. as you're finishing research) - December/January of MS4 - As mentioned above, it's pretty easy to get the necessary requirements for 4th year so it's very reasonable to fit in a 4 week dedicated study block sometime during the summer/fall, before or after a Sub-I. Again, it's kind of up to you as to when you take it and if you want to take it before/after the ERAS deadline. I don't know exact numbers but seems to be a pretty even split in my class of people taking it before/after the ERAS deadline. Dependent on a lot of factors - specialty you're going into, Step 1 score, etc.
There are also a handful of people who choose to take Step 1 in the summer between 1st year and 2nd year (you get ~the month of July off), and then take Step 2 right as they've finished 2nd year (basically just pushing everything forward by a year). I think taking Step 2 right after clinicals isn't a bad idea, but right now, Step 1 is the limiting factor - the summer is only ~4 weeks, and you've just finished a pretty intense year of school. That being said, I would imagine that this option becomes slightly more popular as Step 1 becomes P/F and some of the stress is taken off.
So, if you want Step 2 on your ERAS app, there are many ways to go about it.